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Kidney International Feb 2012Nearly ten years ago, practice recommendations supported use of the clinical classification of 'prehypertension' for people with systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mm Hg...
Nearly ten years ago, practice recommendations supported use of the clinical classification of 'prehypertension' for people with systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mm Hg or diastolic pressure of 80-89 mm Hg. This recommendation was based on observations that these ranges of blood pressure were associated with enhanced cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks compared with blood pressure less than 120/80 mm Hg. Recent observations, including the report by Yano and colleagues, also suggest that prehypertension is an important risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Prehypertension
PubMed: 22241558
DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.393 -
Journal of Hypertension Jun 2017Persistent hypertension in adulthood is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Whether lower blood pressure (BP) values, in the range of prehypertension, are...
OBJECTIVE
Persistent hypertension in adulthood is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Whether lower blood pressure (BP) values, in the range of prehypertension, are also associated with future occurrence of ESRD is unclear. Even less clear is the potential risk of early prehypertension appearing in adolescence. To address this question, we examined whether BP measurements in the prehypertensive range at age 16-19 years predict adult ESRD.
METHODS
Medical data on 2194 635 16-19-year-old adolescents examined for medical fitness prior to military service from 1977 to 2013 were linked to the Israeli ESRD registry in this nationwide population-based cohort study. Incident cases of ESRD were recorded. Survival models were applied.
RESULTS
During 35 007 506 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up 16.8 years), there were 690 ESRD cases, with an overall incidence rate of 1.97 cases per 100 000 person-years. Examinees with elevated BP readings in the prehypertensive range (BP between the 90th and 95th percentiles or between 120 and 139/80-89 mmHg) had increased incidence of ESRD with a hazard ratio of 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.58) adjusted for year of birth, age at examination, sex, BMI, education, socioeconomic status, and country of origin. Hypertension (BP above the 95th percentile or above 140/90 mmHg) was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.44 (95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.79). A spline model demonstrated a nadir of risk at SBP values as low as 94 mmHg.
CONCLUSION
Asymptomatic, healthy adolescents with prehypertension have a 32% increased risk for subsequent ESRD, compared with adolescents with optimal BP.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Israel; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Prehypertension; Proportional Hazards Models; Registries; Risk; Young Adult
PubMed: 28169886
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001295 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jan 2012To provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with an overview of prehypertension identification and management. Additionally, the article serves to highlight the prevalence and...
PURPOSE
To provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with an overview of prehypertension identification and management. Additionally, the article serves to highlight the prevalence and impact of prehypertension in the United States.
DATA SOURCES
A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted using multiple databases, including PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, and SAGE Health Sciences databases. The review was not limited by discipline, year of publication, or type of research. Key words used to obtain relevant articles included prehypertension, nurse practitioner, health promotion, disease prevention, hypertension, and chronic disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Approximately 70 million individuals have been recognized as prehypertensive in the United States, placing them at increased risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Identifying and managing prehypertension has been recognized in national health policy as a priority to improve public health. Prehypertension is managed primarily by eliminating risk factors and implementing lifestyle modification.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Health promotion and disease prevention form the cornerstone of the NP role. The designation of prehypertension serves as an opportunity for NPs to assist in decreasing the burden on the health system from chronic disease and improve patient quality of life.
Topics: Health Promotion; Humans; Nurse Practitioners; Prehypertension; Public Health; United States
PubMed: 22243675
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2011.00684.x -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Oct 2009Prehypertension, a new category of blood pressure (BP) classification introduced by The Seven Report of the Joint National Commission (JNC-7) on High BP for individuals...
BACKGROUND
Prehypertension, a new category of blood pressure (BP) classification introduced by The Seven Report of the Joint National Commission (JNC-7) on High BP for individuals with systolic BP in the range of 120-139 mmHg or diastolic BP between 80 and 89 mmHg, is a strong predictor for the development of hypertension. Insulin resistance (IR) has been proposed to be a key feature of metabolic abnormalities of hypertension and may precede the elevation of BP.
AIM
The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether prehypertension is associated with IR.
DESIGN
This is a cross-sectional study.
METHODS
Anthropometric and BP measurements were performed in 83 prehypertensive subjects and 192 normotensives. All subjects received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for the measurements of IR.
RESULTS
The prehypertensive subjects were more obese and had higher levels of fasting triglycerides and 2-h insulin than the normotensives. The subjects with prehypertension were more insulin resistant than the counterparts, indicated by lower insulin sensitivity index, ISI(0,120), values. While there was no difference between the two groups in insulin response of OGTT after adjustments for confounders, the prehypertension group maintained significant between-group differences in glucose response even when the incremental insulin levels were added to covariates for adjustments.
DISCUSSION
Our data show that prehypertension is associated with IR. The subjects with prehypertension have clinical characteristics of the IR syndrome. It seems that the prehypertension group cannot handle oral glucose challenge as well as the normotension, probably a consequence of IR in prehypertension.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anthropometry; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Prehypertension
PubMed: 19666708
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcp107 -
Journal of Clinical Hypertension... Sep 2014This study aimed to determine the present status of prehypertension in rural China. It was conducted between January and August 2013, using a multistage clustering...
This study aimed to determine the present status of prehypertension in rural China. It was conducted between January and August 2013, using a multistage clustering method to select a representative sample of individuals (≥35 years old), resulting in a study population of 11,576 adults. Prehypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) in the range of 120 mm Hg to 139 mm Hg and/or a diastolic BP between 80 mm Hg and 89 mm Hg according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7). The results showed that the mean±standard deviation systolic and diastolic BP values for the entire population were 141.8±23.5 mm Hg and 82.1±11.8 mm Hg, respectively. Among the whole population, 35.1% of men and 32.5% of women were prehypertensive. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high body mass index, advanced age, alcohol consumption, diabetes, high triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and elevated diet score were risk factors for prehypertension. This study indicates that there is a high prevalence of prehypertension in rural China and confirms the importance of healthy lifestyles--including the control of obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia--to decrease the incidence of prehypertension.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Rural Population
PubMed: 25131567
DOI: 10.1111/jch.12378 -
Journal of Human Hypertension Apr 2021Plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was suggested to reflect the level of systemic oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induces changes in arterial structure and...
Plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was suggested to reflect the level of systemic oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induces changes in arterial structure and function and contributes to the development of hypertension. Therefore, GGT may be associated with arterial remodeling and blood pressure (BP) increment, even in absence of disease. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated, in 825 healthy subjects at low cardiometabolic risk, the associations of plasma GGT with carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), luminal diameter and prehypertension; in 154 subjects was evaluated also the association with aortic stiffness (cfPWV). Associations were controlled for insulin sensitivity, C-reactive protein, and life-style habits. In the main population, BP was remeasured after 3 years. Carotid diameter and cfPWV, but not IMT, were directly and independently related to plasma GGT. Subjects with prehypertension (N = 330) had higher GGT as compared with subjects with normal BP (22 [14] vs 17 [11] IU/L; adjusted P = 0.001), and within prehypertensive subjects, those who developed hypertension during 3 years had higher GGT than those without incident hypertension (27 [16] vs 21 [14] IU/L; adjusted P < 0.05). Within subjects with arterial stiffness measurement, those with prehypertension (N = 79) had higher both GGT and arterial stiffness (25 [14] vs 16 [20] IU/L and 9.11 ± 1.24 vs 7.90 ± 0.94 m/s; adjusted P < 0.01 and <0.05). In the view of previous evidence linking plasma GGT concentration to the level of systemic oxidative stress, our findings suggest a role of oxidative stress in subclinical arterial damage and in prehypertension, even in healthy subjects free of cardiometabolic risk. Arterial organ damage may represent the link between GGT and hypertension.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Humans; Hypertension; Prehypertension; Risk Factors; gamma-Glutamyltransferase
PubMed: 32350440
DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0337-1 -
Journal of the American Board of Family... 2011the clinical utility of the prehypertension label is questionable. We sought to estimate how often patients with prehypertension are being told about it by their primary...
BACKGROUND
the clinical utility of the prehypertension label is questionable. We sought to estimate how often patients with prehypertension are being told about it by their primary care clinicians.
METHODS
we conducted a cross-sectional study of adult patients visiting practices within the North Carolina Family Medicine Research Network in summer 2008. Non-hypertensive patients were asked whether a doctor or other health care provider had ever told them they had "prehypertension"; a subsample of patients with measured blood pressure (BP) in the prehypertension range was asked the same question.
RESULTS
of 1008 non-hypertensive patients, 1.9% indicated being told they had prehypertension. Among a subsample of 102 patients with measured BP in the prehypertension range, 2.0% indicated being told they had prehypertension.
CONCLUSION
few patients who probably have prehypertension are being told about it by clinicians.
Topics: Communication; Confidence Intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Directive Counseling; Health Care Surveys; Humans; Hypertension; North Carolina; Physician-Patient Relations; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Prehypertension; Risk Factors; Truth Disclosure
PubMed: 21209353
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2011.01.100206 -
PloS One 2016Recent studies have demonstrated that there is an association between prehypertension and an increased risk of end-stage renal disease. However, there is conflicting... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Recent studies have demonstrated that there is an association between prehypertension and an increased risk of end-stage renal disease. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between prehypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This meta-analysis aimed to demonstrate the association between prehypertension and the incidence of CKD and identify the impacts of gender and ethnic differences.
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (from inception through March 2016) and article reference lists were searched for relevant studies regarding blood pressure and CKD. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were classified as follows: optimal BP (less than 120/80 mmHg), prehypertension (120-139/80-89 mmHg) and hypertension (over 140/90 mmHg). CKD was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria. Two investigators independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of studies enrolled in this meta-analysis using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). We performed the meta-analysis using Stata/SE 12.0 (StataCorp LP). The random-effect models were used in the heterogeneous analyses.
RESULTS
After retrieving data from 4,537 potentially relevant articles, we identified 7 cohort studies including 261,264 subjects, according to the predefined selection criteria. Five studies were conducted in Mongolians from East Asia, and the other two studies were performed in Indo-Europeans from Austria and Iran. The participants ranged in age from 20 to 89 years, and the proportion of females ranged from 27.2% to 63.8%. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 11 years. Compared with the optimal BP values, prehypertension showed an increased risk of CKD (pooled RR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.13-1.44; P = 0.000; I2 = 77.9%). In the sex-stratified analysis, we found a similar trend in women (pooled RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.01-1.63; P = 0.039; I2 = 76.1%) but not in men. This effect was observed only in Mongolians from East Asia (pooled RR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.18-1.59; P = 0.000; I2 = 81.3%) and not in Indo-Europeans.
CONCLUSIONS
Prehypertension is considered a potential cause of CKD. Gender and ethnic differences are exhibited in this association.
Topics: Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Prehypertension
PubMed: 27248143
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156575 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2012The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of neck circumference (NC) in predicting prehypertension in children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of neck circumference (NC) in predicting prehypertension in children and adolescents.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study including 6,802 children and adolescents (3,631 boys and 3,171 girls) aged 5-18 years. Main anthropometric data and related information were collected.
RESULTS
The prevalence of prehypertension was 14.4%, 16.4% and 17.1% in normal weight, overweight and obese group respectively. Among the participants with normal body mass index (BMI), higher NC was significantly associated with increased odds of prehypertension (OR: 1.439; 95% CI: 1.118 to 1.853) after adjustment for age, gender, BMI and WC. Significant associations between NC and either systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β=0.581 mmHg) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β=0.236 mmHg) were found in the linear regression. No significant ORs were observed either in overweight or in obese categories.
CONCLUSION
We concluded that additional measure of NC might expand the ability of BMI for the identification of prehypertension in normal weight children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Neck; Odds Ratio; Prehypertension; Risk Factors
PubMed: 22214619
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.51.6347 -
Clinical and Experimental Hypertension... Jul 2020: Honey has been shown to have multiple positive effects on human health. However, data on the associations of honey consumption with prehypertension are scarce. The aim...
: Honey has been shown to have multiple positive effects on human health. However, data on the associations of honey consumption with prehypertension are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate whether honey consumption is associated with prehypertension in a Chinese population. : A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4,561 individuals aged ≥40 years. A validated 100-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess honey consumption. Blood pressure was measured at least twice by trained nurses. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between honey consumption and prehypertension. : After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of prehypertension across increasing frequency of honey consumption were 1.00 (reference) for almost never, 1.17 (0.96, 1.41) for ≤6 times/week, and 1.25 (0.86, 1.84) for ≥7 times/week in men ( = 0.09); 1.00 (reference) for almost never, 0.76 (0.62, 0.92) for ≤6 times/week, and 0.84 (0.63, 1.12) for ≥7 times/week in women ( = 0.055), respectively. : Our results showed that light-to-moderate intake of honey was associated with lower prevalence of prehypertension in women, but not men. Future studies are required to confirm these associations.
Topics: Blood Pressure; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Feeding Behavior; Female; Honey; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Factors
PubMed: 31760826
DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1693584