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American Journal of Clinical Pathology Aug 2019The 2017 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Hematopathology aimed to review premalignant clonal hematopoietic proliferations. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The 2017 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Hematopathology aimed to review premalignant clonal hematopoietic proliferations.
METHODS
The workshop panel reviewed 27 cases of clonal proliferations of indeterminate significance or potential (18 myeloid, nine lymphoid) and rendered consensus diagnoses.
RESULTS
Immunophenotyping and genetic studies on peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph node samples have led to the incidental detection of small clonal populations in asymptomatic individuals. These premalignant clonal myeloid and lymphoid proliferations include monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance, monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, in situ follicular neoplasia, in situ mantle cell neoplasia, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance.
CONCLUSIONS
Current diagnostic criteria for the diagnoses of premalignant clonal hematopoietic proliferations are reviewed and discussed in the context of the cases presented at the workshop.
Topics: Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 31305863
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz079 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Apr 2019Although the most common presentation of biliary disorder in North America is secondary to gallstone disease, an awareness of benign biliary cystic neoplasms is... (Review)
Review
Although the most common presentation of biliary disorder in North America is secondary to gallstone disease, an awareness of benign biliary cystic neoplasms is important because of the risk of malignant transformation. The incidence of premalignant cystic neoplasms of the bile duct is not well characterized and they often are detected incidentally for suspicion of other abdominal disorders. This article describes the 4 most common premalignant biliary cystic neoplasms: biliary mucinous cystic neoplasms, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the bile duct, intraductal tubular papillary neoplasms of the bile duct, and choledochal cysts.
Topics: Biliary Tract Neoplasms; Humans; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 30846036
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2018.11.007 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Oct 2022Development of malignancy is a multifactorial process, and there are multitude of conditions of bone that may predispose patients to malignancy. Etiologies of malignancy...
Development of malignancy is a multifactorial process, and there are multitude of conditions of bone that may predispose patients to malignancy. Etiologies of malignancy include benign osseous conditions, genetic predisposition, and extrinsic conditions. New-onset pain or growth in a previously stable lesion is that should concern for malignant change and should prompt a diagnostic workup for malignancy.
Topics: Humans; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 36227850
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-22-00097 -
Seminars in Oncology Feb 2015Due to increasing utilization of cross-sectional imaging, asymptomatic pancreatic cysts are frequently being diagnosed. Many of these cysts have premalignant potential... (Review)
Review
Due to increasing utilization of cross-sectional imaging, asymptomatic pancreatic cysts are frequently being diagnosed. Many of these cysts have premalignant potential and offer a unique opportunity for cancer prevention. Mucinous cystic neoplasm and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm are the major premalignant cystic neoplasms of pancreas. The prediction of the risk of malignancy (incidental and future risk of malignant transformation) and balancing the risks of watchful waiting with that of operative management with associated mortality and morbidity is the key to the management of these lesions. We review the literature that has contributed to the development of our approach to the management of these cystic neoplasms. We provide an overview of the key features used in diagnosis and in predicting malignancy. Particular attention is given to the natural history and management decision making.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous; Pancreas; Pancreatic Cyst; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 25726053
DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.12.007 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Aug 1996Premalignant keratinocytic keratoses are common, especially in pale-complected persons in whom they appear most often as an actinic keratosis. Although the actinic... (Review)
Review
Premalignant keratinocytic keratoses are common, especially in pale-complected persons in whom they appear most often as an actinic keratosis. Although the actinic keratosis has a very low malignant potential, arsenic, tar, thermal, scar, reactional, and radiation keratoses may be more clinically aggressive. This article discusses these premalignant keratinocytic neoplasms.
Topics: Arsenicals; Cicatrix; Hot Temperature; Humans; Keratinocytes; Keratosis; Precancerous Conditions; Skin Neoplasms; Tars
PubMed: 8708026
DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(96)90329-1 -
Semergen 2021The dermatological conditions that affect the penis are diverse, and may be typical of this area or be part of systemic diseases. The anamnesis and inspection are often...
The dermatological conditions that affect the penis are diverse, and may be typical of this area or be part of systemic diseases. The anamnesis and inspection are often sufficient for diagnosis, but other times, it is difficult to distinguish between benign dermatoses and premalignant lesions. The delay in consulting, due to fear, shame or the doctor's own ignorance, can cause the lesions to progress to malignancy and require aggressive treatments that can alter the quality of life and physical and mental health of the patient. We must suspect premalignancy or malignancy any lesion of the penis that is not modified with specific or empirical treatment and refer for biopsy. HPV infections are the origin of 50% of premalignant lesions. After treatment and due to possible relapses and progression to infiltrating carcinomas, a strict follow-up plan is necessary.
Topics: Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Papillomavirus Infections; Penis; Precancerous Conditions; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34144867
DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2021.05.005 -
Cancer Letters Apr 2017Much progress has been made in introducing immunological treatment approaches for cancer, with lessons learned from both the successes and failures of immunotherapy.... (Review)
Review
Much progress has been made in introducing immunological treatment approaches for cancer, with lessons learned from both the successes and failures of immunotherapy. Among the challenges of immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer are the multitudes of mechanisms by which cancers are known to subvert the immune defenses. This has led to the incorporation into the immunotherapeutic arsenal strategies by which to overcome the cancer's immunological blockades. What has been only superficially explored is the immunological milieu of premalignant lesions and the possibility of immunological approaches for the treatment of premalignant lesions so as to prevent secondary premalignant lesions and their progression to cancer. This review discusses the immunological environment associated with premalignant lesions, and the possible missed opportunity of utilizing immunological treatment strategies in the less hostile environment of premalignant lesions as compared to the immune subversive cancer environment.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Disease Progression; Humans; Immunotherapy; Precancerous Conditions; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 28130162
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.022 -
Seminars in Oncology Aug 2004Premalignant esophagogastric (EG) lesions develop against a background of chronic inflammation, called a premalignant condition. For esophageal squamous cell cancer,... (Review)
Review
Premalignant esophagogastric (EG) lesions develop against a background of chronic inflammation, called a premalignant condition. For esophageal squamous cell cancer, causal factors include alcohol, tobacco, hot beverages, oral consumption of opioids, and probably infectious agents. For adenocarcinoma in the Barrett's esophagus (BE), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the principal causal factor. At the EG junction, adenocarcinoma arises either from the esophagus or from the proximal stomach (cardia). In the distal stomach, chronic gastritis with atrophy is the premalignant condition related to Helicobacter pylori infection. A high intake of salt and low intake of antioxidants also play a role. The histopathology of EG premalignant lesions is now included in the groups low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) of the revised Vienna classification. Endoscopy is the gold standard for detection of the lesions at the preclinical stage and their appearance is described in subtypes of the type 0 of the Japanese classification, with a distinction between protruding and nonprotruding lesions. There is a priority for primary prevention of causal factors rather than for mass screening, which is justified only in Japan for the prevention of stomach cancer. The trend to early detection of premalignant lesions justifies the development of mini-invasive endoscopic procedures of treatment.
Topics: Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagogastric Junction; Esophagoscopy; Gastric Mucosa; Gastroscopy; Humans; Precancerous Conditions; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 15297942
DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.04.017 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Jun 2018The term oral potentially malignant disorders, proposed at the World Health Organization workshop in 2005, has now been renamed potentially premalignant oral epithelial... (Review)
Review
The term oral potentially malignant disorders, proposed at the World Health Organization workshop in 2005, has now been renamed potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions (PPOELs). It is important to differentiate among PPOELs, which is a broad term to define a wide variety of clinical lesions, and oral epithelial dysplasia, which should be reserved specifically for lesions with biopsy-proven foci of dysplasia. PPOELs encompass lesions that include leukoplakia, erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia, lichen planus, and oral submucous fibrosis. The primary goal of management of dysplasia includes prevention, early detection, and treatment before malignant transformation. The aim of this article is to inform the clinician about management of PPOELs.
Topics: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Diagnosis, Oral; Disease Progression; Early Diagnosis; Erythroplasia; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Lichen Planus, Oral; Mouth Neoplasms; Oral Submucous Fibrosis; Precancerous Conditions; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29656948
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.03.010 -
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy Sep 2013Premalignant lesions of the laryngeal epithelium most commonly involve the glottis. Abnormal appearing mucosal lesions may warrant biopsy for histologic review before an... (Review)
Review
Premalignant lesions of the laryngeal epithelium most commonly involve the glottis. Abnormal appearing mucosal lesions may warrant biopsy for histologic review before an assessment can be made regarding their risk for malignant transformation. Although higher degrees of dysplasia portend a greater chance for malignant transformation, findings of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ should prompt ablative therapy followed by surveillance for recurrence or progression. Risk factor modification remains important not only as a primary prevention strategy, but also to reduce the risk of progression to invasive carcinoma. We review the current evidence pertaining to the work-up and management of premalignant epithelial lesions of the larynx. Surgical excision continues to be the treatment of choice. Alternative therapies like photodynamic therapy and radiation may be employed in selected patients when surgical therapy is not the best option.
Topics: Disease Progression; Humans; Laryngeal Mucosa; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Larynx; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 24053203
DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2013.829643