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Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy Mar 2014Premalignant lesions of the oral cavity present as visibly abnormal areas of mucosa and may be a source of significant anxiety for the patient and the clinician.... (Review)
Review
Premalignant lesions of the oral cavity present as visibly abnormal areas of mucosa and may be a source of significant anxiety for the patient and the clinician. Suspicious lesions should be biopsied to evaluate for dysplasia. The risk of malignant transformation may relate to patient characteristics, environmental risk factors and genetic alterations. Management of such lesions hinges on risk modification, surveillance, symptom management and directed biopsies. Excision or ablation of dysplastic lesions is indicated. We review the current evidence relating to management of premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa and make recommendations for practice patterns.
Topics: Biopsy; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; Risk Factors
PubMed: 24559323
DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2013.842898 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery May 2010After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Clinically describe various cutaneous neoplasms. 2. Identify the corresponding histopathologic... (Review)
Review
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Clinically describe various cutaneous neoplasms. 2. Identify the corresponding histopathologic findings. 3. Discuss the optimal treatment approach for each entity.
SUMMARY
Cutaneous neoplasms are broadly viewed as benign, premalignant, or malignant. In dermatology, lesions are classified based on the primary cell of origin or the component of the skin predominantly affected by the pathologic change (epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous fat). The diagnosis and treatment of skin lesions rely on understanding the clinical presentation and corresponding histopathology. Surgical treatment is not always indicated and is dependent on multiple variables. This review discusses several benign and premalignant neoplasms frequently encountered by the plastic surgeon. The emphasis is on clinical presentation, histopathologic correlation, and management approach.
Topics: Humans; Precancerous Conditions; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 20440130
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181d6e89a -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Mar 2013
Review
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Global Health; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Penile Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; Referral and Consultation; Risk Factors
PubMed: 23468288
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f1149 -
Gastroenterologia Y Hepatologia May 2023Diagnosis of early gastric cancer and its precancerous lesions remains a challenge for great part of western endoscopists. Changes seen in the mucosal pattern are... (Review)
Review
Diagnosis of early gastric cancer and its precancerous lesions remains a challenge for great part of western endoscopists. Changes seen in the mucosal pattern are generally subtle and hence difficult to identify. In this article, we will review the usefulness of conventional and virtual chromoendoscopy and magnification endoscopy in the recognition and classification of these lesions.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 35780957
DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2022.06.007 -
Clinics in Dermatology 2010Although many classifications include oral lesions of lichen planus in the category of a premalignant condition, there is still much discussion about whether the mucous... (Review)
Review
Although many classifications include oral lesions of lichen planus in the category of a premalignant condition, there is still much discussion about whether the mucous membranes lesions should be characterized as an intrinsically premalignant condition or merely as a facilitator of the action of a carcinogenic factor. The possibility that an epidermoid carcinoma can emerge at the site of lichen planus lesions, mainly in mucous membranes, has been shown; however, several published cases omit information about other potential risk factors. This prevents a complete analysis of the triggering relationship between lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma. This contribution reviews the literature on this subject. The question of whether oral or vulval lichen planus, or both, are premalignant conditions will only be answered after prospective studies with large samples and extensive follow-up are performed, taking into consideration the great variety of risk factors involved, together with the establishment of a consensus in relation to the points still without agreement.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Lichen Planus; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; Vulvar Neoplasms
PubMed: 20797520
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.04.001 -
CA: a Cancer Journal For Clinicians 2002In the United States, cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx represent approximately three percent of all malignancies in men and two percent of all malignancies in... (Review)
Review
In the United States, cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx represent approximately three percent of all malignancies in men and two percent of all malignancies in women. The American Cancer Society estimates that 28,900 new cases of oral cancer will be diagnosed in 2002, and nearly 7,400 people will die from this disease. Over 90 percent of these tumors are squamous cell carcinomas, which arise from the oral mucosal lining. In spite of the ready accessibility of the oral cavity to direct examination, these malignancies still are often not detected until a late stage, and the survival rate for oral cancer has remained essentially unchanged over the past three decades. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical features of oral cancer and premalignant oral lesions, with an emphasis on early detection.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Verrucous; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythroplasia; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Precancerous Conditions; Risk Factors; Nicotiana
PubMed: 12139232
DOI: 10.3322/canjclin.52.4.195 -
International Journal of Clinical... Feb 2011Under the widely used World Health Organization (WHO) classification for the pathological diagnosis of oral premalignant lesions, dysplasia, which is graded as mild,... (Review)
Review
Under the widely used World Health Organization (WHO) classification for the pathological diagnosis of oral premalignant lesions, dysplasia, which is graded as mild, moderate or severe, and carcinoma in situ (CIS), which is a non-invasive carcinoma, are classified as precursor lesions of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Since the first edition (Wahi et al. International histological classification of tumours no. 4, WHO, Geneva, 1971), the criterion for CIS--that all epithelial layers are replaced by atypical cells--has remained unchanged. However, this dysplasia-carcinoma sequence theory was introduced from the viewpoint of pathological changes in the uterine cervix: in contrast, almost all premalignant lesions and CIS of the oral mucosa show superficial maturation and differentiation. Based on this recognition, the squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (SIN) classification and Ljubljana classification were included in WHO's latest edition published in 2005. Although the WHO classification is commonly used in Japan, recent developments in oral oncology have promoted modifications of the classification used in this country. In 2005, the Working Group of the Japan Society for Oral Tumours advocated iodine staining and proposed a modified SIN system, and in 2007, the Working Committee of the Japanese Society for Oral Pathology (JSOP) reported a new CIS (JSOP) definition that included differentiated-type CIS. In 2010, based on these studies, a new entity--oral intraepithelial neoplasia (OIN)--was included in the first edition of General Rules for Clinical and Pathological Studies on Oral Cancer. In this review, we focus on the OIN/CIS (JSOP) new classification of premalignant lesions in oral mucosa, which further advances the concept of SIN.
Topics: Carcinoma in Situ; Humans; Hyperplasia; Japan; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; World Health Organization
PubMed: 21234636
DOI: 10.1007/s10147-010-0169-z -
International Journal of Clinical... Feb 2011In this review article, the clinical and histopathological characteristics of oral premalignant lesions, and primarily oral leukoplakia, are noted and the risk factors... (Review)
Review
In this review article, the clinical and histopathological characteristics of oral premalignant lesions, and primarily oral leukoplakia, are noted and the risk factors for malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia are discussed. Malignant transformation rates of oral leukoplakia range from 0.13 to 17.5%. The risk factors of malignant transformation in the buccal mucosa and labial commissure are male gender with chewing tobacco or smoking in some countries such as India, or older age and/or being a non-smoking female in other countries. Some authors have reported that leukoplakia on the tongue or the floor of the mouth showed a high risk of malignant transformation, although others have found no oral subsites at high risk. In concurrence with some authors, the authors of this review view epithelial dysplasia as an important risk factor in malignant transformation; however, there are conflicting reports in the literature. Many authors believe that nonhomogeneous leukoplakia is a high risk factor without exception, although different terms have been used to describe those conditions. The large size of lesions and widespread leukoplakia are also reported risk factors. According to some studies, surgical treatment decreased the rate of malignant transformation; however, many review articles state that no definitive treatment including surgery can decrease the malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia because of the lack of randomized control trials of treatment. Tobacco chewing and smoking may be causative agents for cancerization of oral leukoplakia in some groups, and evidence for a role of human papilloma virus in the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia is inconsistent. Further research to clarify its role in malignant transformation is warranted.
Topics: Adult; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Iodine; Keratosis; Leukoplakia, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Precancerous Conditions; Risk Factors; Smoking; Tobacco, Smokeless
PubMed: 21225307
DOI: 10.1007/s10147-010-0157-3 -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2016In the last three decades, the premalignant cutaneous lesions have represented a milestone for the clinicians and the anatomopathologists given the increased risk of... (Review)
Review
In the last three decades, the premalignant cutaneous lesions have represented a milestone for the clinicians and the anatomopathologists given the increased risk of malignant transformation not only in the old but also in the young population. Recent research indicates the fact that, though multiple progresses were recorded in the diagnosis and treatment of the cutaneous squamocellular carcinomas, developed in more than 85% of the cases in premalignant lesions, however the prognosis and survival up to five years did not register significant improvements. For the achievement of the diagnosis with certainty, the histopathological examination, considered until recently the "golden standard", principally based on the TNM criterion, has an increased percentage of subjectivity and it is relatively unsure, being known the fact that two apparently identical tumors answer differently to the same therapy. The variability of the morphological aspects from simple dysplasia to in situ carcinomas and the cancers themselves impose the identification of some cellular and molecular markers typical to the premalignant and malignant cutaneous lesions. In this respect, the knowledge and characterization of the molecular mosaic allow the establishment of some clear criterion for an early diagnosis, corresponding monitoring and adequate treatment.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Neoplasm Proteins; Precancerous Conditions; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 27516005
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Oto-rhino-laryngologica Belgica 1992Premalignant laryngeal lesions are classified into three classes according to the degree of atypia present: class I mild dysplasia, class II moderate dysplasia and class... (Review)
Review
Premalignant laryngeal lesions are classified into three classes according to the degree of atypia present: class I mild dysplasia, class II moderate dysplasia and class III severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. The risk that a carcinoma may develop later increases in the successive classes. The lesions are almost exclusively localized on the vocal cords. It is mandatory to remove the whole lesion for histopathological examination. A close cooperation between pathologist and laryngologist is necessary. progress in the development of more subjective and reproducible methods of grading is being made. Patients with class I and class II lesions are merely followed after an excisional biopsy. There is not a single best treatment modality for class III lesions. Radiotherapy has proven to be effective. However, the concept of microsurgical removal of the complete lesion seems to enable a more conservative approach for this class as well.
Topics: Age Factors; Female; Histological Techniques; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Male; Precancerous Conditions; Risk Factors; Sex Factors
PubMed: 1605016
DOI: No ID Found