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Seminars in Liver Disease 1999With the recent progress in imaging modalities, detection of small, nodular hepatic lesions has become much easier; however, differential diagnosis still remains... (Review)
Review
With the recent progress in imaging modalities, detection of small, nodular hepatic lesions has become much easier; however, differential diagnosis still remains difficult. Nevertheless, a combination of tomographic imaging techniques and angiography, such as ultrasound (US) angiography, CT arteriography (CTA), and CT during arterial portography (CTAP) has contributed considerably to the differentiation of overt (advanced) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from benign or premalignant/borderline lesions. With such techniques, estimation of the grade of malignancy is also possible. Recently, noninvasive ultrasonographic vascular imaging techniques have been developed, such as color Doppler, power Doppler, and enhanced Doppler imaging. In particular, gray-scale contrast second harmonic imaging may prove useful in the management of HCC and will replace some of the roles of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT in the near future; ultrasonographic visualization of the vascularity of viable cancer cells is essential for the US-guided interventional therapy of HCC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Precancerous Conditions; Radiography; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 10518309
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1007119 -
European Journal of Cancer Prevention :... Sep 2021Oral carcinoma and precancers are major public health challenges in India and other developing countries.
BACKGROUND
Oral carcinoma and precancers are major public health challenges in India and other developing countries.
OBJECTIVES
Aim of the study was to assess the associations of demographic characteristics, addictions, chief complaints of mouth/oral and clinical diagnosis by cytology smear and punch biopsy in early detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Methods Study was designed on retrospective data of case files of CDC, CNCI, Kolkata, from patients attended from January 1996 to September 2016. History was taken, histopathology and Pap smear were performed. Descriptive statistical analysis, cross-tabulation and Pearson's Chi-square test were done.
RESULTS
Total participants (n = 692); 110 (15.9%) having history of swallowing betel leaf, nut lime, dokta, jarda, catecheu with an average of 11 years. Three hundred twenty-five (46.9%) had multiple addiction (cigarette/bidi/tobacco/all). Ninety-eight (12.1%), 99 (12.2%) and 68 (8.4%) were addicted to cigarette, bidi and chewing tobacco, respectively. Twenty-nine participants were addicted to alcohol; 18 (2.6%) and 11 (1.5%) took country and foreign alcohol correspondingly. Clinicians thoroughly examined lips (4.1%), buccal mucosa (27.3%), gingival (2.8%), tongue (23.1%), hard and soft palate (4.9%), mouth loor (5.2%) and other parts (32.3%); diagnosed participants as normal (22.8%)/benign (23.1%)/premalignant (39.1%)/malignant (14.8%). Smears confirmed 60, 131, 42, 9 and 8 cases as carcinoma, mild, moderate, severe dysplasia and inflammation, respectively. The punch biopsy identified 11 carcinomas, two severe, two moderate and seveeen mild dysplasia's. Chi-square test showed significant association between smear and examination (P = 0.022), diagnosis and examinations of the oral cancer patients (P = 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
The study provided strong evidence that betel leaf, chewing tobacco, smoking and alcohol are independent risk factors for oral cancer. Cytological smear and biopsy are cost-effective approaches for early detection.
Topics: Carcinoma; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Hyperplasia; India; Mouth Neoplasms; Papanicolaou Test; Precancerous Conditions; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33252366
DOI: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000640 -
Pathology Apr 2013Over the past few years there have been substantial advances in our knowledge of premalignant lesions of the pancreas. Given the dismal prognosis of untreated pancreatic... (Review)
Review
Over the past few years there have been substantial advances in our knowledge of premalignant lesions of the pancreas. Given the dismal prognosis of untreated pancreatic cancer, and the small proportion of patients who are operative candidates, an understanding of these premalignant lesions is essential for the development of strategies for early diagnosis and prevention. The 2010 WHO classification has added new entities, including intraductal tubular papillary neoplasms (ITPNs), and clarified the nomenclature and grading of previously recognised precursor lesions of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). In particular, there has been an upsurge of interest in the natural history of IPMN, driven partly by improvements in imaging modalities and the consequent apparent increase in their incidence, and partly by recognition that subtypes based on location or histological appearance define groups with significantly different behaviours. In mid 2012 revised international guidelines for the classification and management of IPMNs and MCNs were published, although in several respects these guidelines represent a consensus view rather than being evidence-based. In recent years major advances in molecular technologies, including whole-exome sequencing, have significantly enhanced our knowledge of pancreatic premalignancy and have identified potentially highly specific diagnostic biomarkers such as mutations in GNAS and RNF43 that could be used to pre-operatively assess pancreatic cysts.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 23442735
DOI: 10.1097/PAT.0b013e32835f2205 -
Cancer Discovery Jan 2021In patients with clonal hematopoiesis, cancer treatment was associated with specific mutations.
In patients with clonal hematopoiesis, cancer treatment was associated with specific mutations.
Topics: Clonal Hematopoiesis; Clone Cells; Hematopoiesis; Humans; Mutation; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 33158847
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-RW2020-162 -
Oral Oncology Apr 2022
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 35290831
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105813 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2022Leukoplakia is common with a 1 % incidence in the population and may harbor preneoplastic changes. Diode lasers provide both precision and coagulation for excision of...
PURPOSE
Leukoplakia is common with a 1 % incidence in the population and may harbor preneoplastic changes. Diode lasers provide both precision and coagulation for excision of superficial lesions in clinical and operative settings with little damage to deeper tissue. We aim to determine the rate of oral and oropharyngeal hyperkeratosis and dysplasia recurrence after treatment with diode laser.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients with oral or oropharyngeal hyperkeratotic or mild dysplastic lesions treated with pulsed diode laser between 2013 and 2020 at a tertiary academic institution were analyzed. The main outcome measure was recurrence of hyperkeratosis and dysplasia after treatment.
RESULTS
Fourteen patients received diode laser treatment for hyperkeratotic or mild dysplastic lesions of the oral cavity or oropharynx. Demographic features included 9 (64.3 %) females and mean age of 66.6 years. In these 14 patients, 18 distinct lesions were identified. Eleven (61.1 %) lesions were located on the oral tongue, 4 (22.2 %) on the buccal mucosa, 2 (11.1 %) on the hard palate, and 1 (5.6 %) on the soft palate. Average time from lesion clinical diagnosis to the first diode laser treatment was 8.3 months with an average number of 1.4 treatments per lesion. Three (16.7 %) lesions experienced recurrence after the most recent treatment. None of the lesions underwent malignant transformation. None of the patients experienced bleeding, tethering, or dysarthria after treatment. One patient developed pyogenic granuloma and reported chronic tongue pain.
CONCLUSIONS
Pulsed diode laser treatment of leukoplakia was well tolerated with low complication rates and reasonable control of precancerous lesions.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Lasers, Semiconductor; Leukoplakia, Oral; Male; Oropharynx; Pharyngeal Diseases; Precancerous Conditions; Tongue
PubMed: 35952526
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103556 -
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology Aug 1988Two putative premalignant lesions of the prostate have been identified. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is characterized by proliferation and anaplasia of... (Review)
Review
Two putative premalignant lesions of the prostate have been identified. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is characterized by proliferation and anaplasia of cells lining ducts and acini. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) consists of a localized proliferation of small round glands without cytologic atypia. PIN and AAH may be confused with well-differentiated carcinoma as well as florid hyperplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, transitional metaplasia, seminal vesicular epithelium, and atypia due to inflammation, infarction, and radiation. These premalignant lesions appear to have a high predictive value for carcinoma, and their presence on prostatic biopsy warrants further search for concurrent invasive adenocarcinoma. The use of strict morphologic criteria and uniform nomenclature will ensure standardization in the diagnosis of premalignant lesions of the prostate.
Topics: Anaplasia; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Precancerous Conditions; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 3051237
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Dec 2003Laryngeal carcinogenesis is a multistep process with premalignant lesions progressing to invasive carcinoma over a period of years. The approach to these advanced... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Laryngeal carcinogenesis is a multistep process with premalignant lesions progressing to invasive carcinoma over a period of years. The approach to these advanced premalignant lesions has always been early diagnosis and treatment to prevent further progression. Unfortunately, with the current means of diagnosis and a lack of consensus regarding treatment of these lesions, the incidence of advanced laryngeal malignancies continues to rise. The purpose of this article is to review the most recent contributions to the literature regarding diagnosis and management of advanced laryngeal premalignant lesions.
RECENT FINDINGS
The current literature focuses on several new diagnostic procedures to improve early detection of high-risk laryngeal lesions. These procedures include autofluorescence endoscopy, compact endoscopy, and topical 5-aminolevulinic acid. One large long-term study suggests an aggressive surgical approach in the treatment of advanced laryngeal premalignancies to decrease the incidence of malignant transformation. The preliminary results of chemoprevention trials as well as potential new biomarkers are discussed.
SUMMARY
There are several new promising procedures that may have an impact on the early diagnosis of laryngeal precursor lesions. In addition, we are gaining knowledge about the molecular events occurring along the continuum of laryngeal carcinogenesis. This will hopefully allow the identification of additional biomarkers and future targets for chemoprevention.
Topics: Chemoprevention; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 14631180
DOI: 10.1097/00020840-200312000-00010 -
Molecular Cancer Mar 2006Early detection of a premalignant or cancerous oral lesion promises to improve the survival and the morbidity of patients suffering from these conditions. Cytological... (Review)
Review
Early detection of a premalignant or cancerous oral lesion promises to improve the survival and the morbidity of patients suffering from these conditions. Cytological study of oral cells is a non-aggressive technique that is well accepted by the patient, and is therefore an attractive option for the early diagnosis of oral cancer, including epithelial atypia and squamous cell carcinoma. However its usage has been limited so far due to poor sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing oral malignancies. Lately it has re-emerged due to improved methods and it's application in oral precancer and cancer as a diagnostic and predictive method as well as for monitoring patients. Newer diagnostic techniques such as "brush biopsy" and molecular studies have been developed. Recent advances in cytological techniques and novel aspects of applications of scraped or exfoliative cytology for detecting these lesions and predicting their progression or recurrence are reviewed here.
Topics: Cytodiagnosis; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Mouth Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 16556320
DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-5-11 -
International Journal of Surgery... Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Cryosurgery; Precancerous Conditions; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 37318841
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000549