-
International Journal of Adolescent... Feb 2023Physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms are common among women in their reproductive years, particularly during their menstrual cycle's luteal phase and the week... (Review)
Review
Physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms are common among women in their reproductive years, particularly during their menstrual cycle's luteal phase and the week before their period. Approximately 5-8 percent of women suffer with premenstrual syndrome, with the majority of those suffering from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Because of the complexity and multifaceted nature of the aetiology, it is yet unknown. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is diagnosed entirely on the basis of signs and symptoms, with no particular diagnostic tests available to confirm the diagnosis. Only a small number of therapeutic modalities are backed by clinical data, yet there are many accessible. After providing a brief overview of the disease, the author goes on to discuss the various hypotheses as to why PMS occurs. With an emphasis on tailored treatment based on symptom profile, it examines the wide range of non-pharmacological and pharmaceutical methods that are accessible today.
Topics: Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Emotions
PubMed: 36117244
DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2022-0023 -
American Family Physician Nov 1994Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by an array of somatic, cognitive, affective and behavioral disturbances that recur in cyclic fashion during the luteal phase of... (Review)
Review
Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by an array of somatic, cognitive, affective and behavioral disturbances that recur in cyclic fashion during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The goal of management is to control symptoms well enough that the patient can function appropriately at all stages of the menstrual cycle. Both the patient and the physician must acknowledge that premenstrual syndrome is a complex reproductive disorder with a large number of possible manifestations; therefore, they must be willing to consider more than one strategy, and they must allow sufficient time to seek out successful therapeutic options. The patient must play an active role in all stages of management. Although no specific cure for premenstrual syndrome currently exists, most patients experience significant reduction of symptoms and improvement of quality of life when a rational individualized approach is used. Management may involve pharmacologic, nutritional and psychosocial interventions.
Topics: Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome
PubMed: 7942429
DOI: No ID Found -
American Family Physician Oct 2011Premenstrual syndrome is defined as recurrent moderate psychological and physical symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of menses and resolve with menstruation. It... (Review)
Review
Premenstrual syndrome is defined as recurrent moderate psychological and physical symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of menses and resolve with menstruation. It affects 20 to 32 percent of premenopausal women. Women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder experience affective or somatic symptoms that cause severe dysfunction in social or occupational realms. The disorder affects 3 to 8 percent of premenopausal women. Proposed etiologies include increased sensitivity to normal cycling levels of estrogen and progesterone, increased aldosterone and plasma renin activity, and neurotransmitter abnormalities, particularly serotonin. The Daily Record of Severity of Problems is one tool with which women may self-report the presence and severity of premenstrual symptoms that correlate with the criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision. Symptom relief is the goal for treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. There is limited evidence to support the use of calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B6 supplementation, and insufficient evidence to support cognitive behavior therapy. Serotonergic antidepressants (citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine) are first-line pharmacologic therapy.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Complementary Therapies; Female; Humans; Life Style; Premenstrual Syndrome; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 22010771
DOI: No ID Found -
Orvosi Hetilap Jun 2022Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common problems for women of reproductive age worldwide, along with painful menstruation and genital inflammation. The...
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common problems for women of reproductive age worldwide, along with painful menstruation and genital inflammation. The physical, mental and behavioural symptoms recur during the luteal phase of the cycle and cause a deterioration in the quality of life, affecting the patient's social, work and family relationships. Symptoms typically disappear spontaneously within a few days after the onset of menstruation. A severe form of PMS is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which requires psychiatric management. The onset and severity of PMS with multifactorial pathogenesis is triggered by psychoneuroendocrine mechanisms that are influenced by the cyclical functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, altering the neurotransmitter or neuropathway functions of the brain, e.g., the serotoninergic system. The psychoneuroendocrine mechanisms contribute to the development of physical, psychological and behavioural symptoms, which are also influenced by the combined presence of other physiological (genetical background, metabolic and chronic inflammatory processes, chronobiological and circadian disorders) and psychological stressors and their interaction.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Luteal Phase; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Premenstrual Syndrome; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35895550
DOI: 10.1556/650.2022.32489 -
Current Therapy in Endocrinology and... 1997
-
Lancet (London, England)
Clinical Trial
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Progesterone
PubMed: 6118762
DOI: No ID Found -
The New England Journal of Medicine Apr 1991
Topics: Affect; Female; Humans; Luteal Phase; Mifepristone; Premenstrual Syndrome
PubMed: 2011166
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199104253241710 -
The Medical Journal of Australia May 1987
Topics: Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome
PubMed: 3574174
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb120387.x -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde 2010Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterised by the occurrence of physical and psychological symptoms during the luteal phase of almost every menstrual cycle. These... (Review)
Review
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterised by the occurrence of physical and psychological symptoms during the luteal phase of almost every menstrual cycle. These symptoms disappear at the beginning of menstruation, and a symptom-free period of at least a week ensues. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a variation of PMS, with predominantly psychological symptoms. The aetiology of PMD and PMDD is not known. A possible explanation however is an abnormal, stronger reaction to physiologically normal hormonal fluctuations. Diagnosing PMS and PMDD requires prospective daily monitoring of symptoms over at least two menstrual cycles. No effective medication for the treatment of PMS has been registered in the Netherlands. In randomized placebo-controlled trials selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and oral contraceptives containing drosperinone have been found to have a positive effect on the physical and psychological symptoms of PMS and PMDD.
Topics: Female; Humans; Luteal Phase; Menstrual Cycle; Premenstrual Syndrome; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 20719012
DOI: No ID Found -
Maturitas Jun 2012PMS (premenstrual syndrome) affects 30-40% of the reproductive female population and hence creates significant impairment amongst women of working age [1]. Having such... (Review)
Review
PMS (premenstrual syndrome) affects 30-40% of the reproductive female population and hence creates significant impairment amongst women of working age [1]. Having such an economical and financial impact makes it an important disorder to know more about in terms of diagnosis and treatment. In this article, as well as addressing diagnosis and treatments, we focus mainly on peri-menopausal women who are equally (if not more) affected by this disorder and who are subjected to PMS via a host of widely used hormonal treatments. We describe the vicious cycle that exists between exogenous progestogen stimulating PMS-like symptoms and the progestogen that is required for endometrial protection and ways of avoiding this. The treatment should address all concerns of the individual, namely contraceptive requirements, control of PMS and menopausal symptoms. The main theory behind treatment of PMS is to suppress ovulation along the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis, however neurotransmitters are also implicated in reducing sensitivity to progesterone via receptors, and therefore selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are also useful. Surgical methods are strongly discouraged and are a last resort. With so many pitfalls, this article aims to tackle the issues commonly encountered with diagnosis and treatment of PMS in the peri-menopause.
Topics: Female; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Menopause; Middle Aged; Premenstrual Syndrome; Progestins; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 22534048
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.03.007