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Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience :... Nov 2000The inclusion of research diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition,... (Review)
Review
The inclusion of research diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, recognizes the fact that some women have extremely distressing emotional and behavioural symptoms premenstrually. PMDD can be differentiated from premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which presents with milder physical symptoms, headache, and more minor mood changes. In addition, PMDD can be differentiated from premenstrual magnification of physical or psychological symptoms of a concurrent psychiatric or medical disorder. As many as 75% of women with regular menstrual cycles experience some symptoms of PMS, according to epidemiologic surveys. PMDD is much less common; it affects only 3% to 8% of women in this group. The etiology of PMDD is largely unknown, but the current consensus is that normal ovarian function (rather than hormone imbalance) is the cyclical trigger for PMDD-related biochemical events within the central nervous system and other target organs. The serotonergic system is in a close reciprocal relation with the gonadal hormones and has been identified as the most plausible target for interventions. Thus, beyond conservative treatment options such as lifestyle and stress management, other non-antidepressant treatments, or the more extreme intervneitons that eliminate ovulation altogether, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are emerging as the most effective treatment option. Results from several randomized, placebo-controlled trials in women with PMDD have clearly demonstrated that SSRIs have excellent efficacy and minimal side effects. More recently, several preliminary studies indicate that intermittent (premenstrual only) treatment with selective SSRIs is equally effective in these women and, thus, may offer an attractive treatment option for a disorder that is itself intermittent.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Female; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prognosis; Reproduction; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 11109297
DOI: No ID Found -
Paediatric Drugs Jun 2013Numerous epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that premenstrual disorders (PMDs) begin during the teenage years. At least 20 % of adolescents experience... (Review)
Review
Numerous epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that premenstrual disorders (PMDs) begin during the teenage years. At least 20 % of adolescents experience moderate-to-severe premenstrual symptoms associated with functional impairment. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) consists of physical and/or psychological premenstrual symptoms that interfere with functioning. Symptoms are triggered by ovulation and resolve within the first few days of menses. The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of PMS accompanied by affective symptoms, is likely equal to or higher than in adults. The diagnosis of a PMD requires a medical and psychological history and physical examination but it is the daily prospective charting of bothersome symptoms for two menstrual cycles that will clearly determine if the symptoms are related to a PMD or to another underlying medical or psychiatric diagnosis. The number and type of symptoms are less important than the timing. Randomized controlled trials of pharmacologic treatments in teens with moderate-to-severe PMS and PMDD have yet to be performed. However, clinical experience suggests that treatments that are effective for adults can be used in adolescents. PMS can be ameliorated by education about the nature of the disorder, improving calcium intake, performing exercise and reducing stress, but to treat severe PMS or PMDD pharmacologic therapy is usually required. Eliminating ovulation with certain hormonal contraceptive formulations or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists will be discussed. Serotonergic agonists are a first-line therapy for adults, and some serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine and escitalopram can be administered safely to teens.
Topics: Adolescent; Comorbidity; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Depressive Disorder; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prevalence; Serotonin Receptor Agonists; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 23529867
DOI: 10.1007/s40272-013-0018-4 -
Gynecological Endocrinology : the... Jun 1999
Review
Topics: Brain; Female; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Premenstrual Syndrome; Receptors, GABA; Steroids; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 10451814
DOI: 10.3109/09513599909167557 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of... Dec 1990Because researchers are still seeking the cause of PMS, we cannot recommend a single treatment approach that will work satisfactorily with all women who have the... (Review)
Review
Because researchers are still seeking the cause of PMS, we cannot recommend a single treatment approach that will work satisfactorily with all women who have the syndrome. Investigators have made progress, however, toward defining and diagnosing the condition. We also can help women whose lives are disrupted each month by prescribing specific approaches to symptom management.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Premenstrual Syndrome
PubMed: 2092248
DOI: No ID Found -
The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Jun 2017Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) comprises emotional and physical symptoms and functional impairment that lie on the severe end of the continuum of premenstrual... (Review)
Review
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) comprises emotional and physical symptoms and functional impairment that lie on the severe end of the continuum of premenstrual symptoms. Women with PMDD have a differential response to normal hormonal fluctuations. This susceptibility may involve the serotonin system, altered sensitivity of the GABA receptor to the neurosteroid allopregnanalone, and altered brain circuitry involving emotional and cognitive functions. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the first-line treatment. Second-line treatments include oral contraceptives containing drospirenone, other ovulation suppression methods, calcium, chasteberry, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Premenstrual Syndrome; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 28477648
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2017.01.002 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and... Sep 2019Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is common in women with reproductive age and it affects the normal life. Psychosocial interventions are recommended for some women who... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is common in women with reproductive age and it affects the normal life. Psychosocial interventions are recommended for some women who experience less severe PMS. So far, no meta-analyses have investigated the effect of overall psychosocial interventions on the severity of PMS as an outcome. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of psychosocial intervention for PMS. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMED, CINAHL, EMbase and PsycINFO in December 2016, following methodological guidelines outlined in the literature ( www.york.ac.uk/crd/ guidance). The primary outcome was the severity of PMS. Data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Pooled effects of 11 psychosocial interventions ( = 324) showed statistically significant beneficial effects on the severity of PMS (SMD -0.29, 95% CI -0.45 to -0.13, = 27%). Participants who received coping skills training had significantly low severity of PMS than the control group (SMD -0.53, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.28, < .001, = 3%). There were no effects found for education program nor social support intervention. Psychosocial interventions, especially coping skills training for women with PMS, were effective in reducing the severity of PMS. However, needed caution due to the small number of studies.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 29962276
DOI: 10.1080/0167482X.2018.1480606 -
Psychoneuroendocrinology Aug 2003Because of the prevalence, chronicity and distress caused by premenstrual symptoms (PMS), diagnosis and effective treatments are important information for clinicians.... (Review)
Review
Because of the prevalence, chronicity and distress caused by premenstrual symptoms (PMS), diagnosis and effective treatments are important information for clinicians. The DSM-IV requires at least five specified symptoms for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe dysphoric form of PMS, while the ICD-10 requires only one distressing symptom for a diagnosis of PMS. Many women who seek treatment fall between these two diagnostic approaches, and standard diagnostic criteria for clinically significant PMS are needed. A diagnosis of PMS consists of determining the timing of the symptoms in relation to menses, meaningful change between post- and premenstrual symptom severity and a clinically significant severity of the symptoms. A differential diagnosis to distinguish PMS from other medical and psychiatric conditions is important for appropriate treatment. No hormone or laboratory test indicates a PMS diagnosis. The current diagnostic standard requires confirmation of subjective symptom reports by prospective daily diaries. Diagnostic criteria for PMS must recognize the broad range of symptoms, the temporal pattern of the symptoms and the critical issue of symptom severity, which differentiates clinically significant PMS from normal menstrual cycle changes.
Topics: Cost of Illness; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Quality of Life
PubMed: 12892988
DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00099-4 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Nov 1986
Topics: Algorithms; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 3096472
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.293.6557.1289 -
The Journal of the Royal College of... Jan 1985
Topics: Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome
PubMed: 4038743
DOI: No ID Found -
Women's Health Issues : Official... 1992
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Female; Humans; Male; Physicians; Premenstrual Syndrome; Sex Factors
PubMed: 1422245
DOI: 10.1016/s1049-3867(05)80265-8