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Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Jan 2019Presbyopia is a global problem affecting over a billion people worldwide. The prevalence of unmanaged presbyopia is as high as 50% of those over 50 years of age in... (Review)
Review
Presbyopia is a global problem affecting over a billion people worldwide. The prevalence of unmanaged presbyopia is as high as 50% of those over 50 years of age in developing world populations, due to a lack of awareness and accessibility to affordable treatment, and is even as high as 34% in developed countries. Definitions of presbyopia are inconsistent and varied, so we propose a redefinition that states "presbyopia occurs when the physiologically normal age-related reduction in the eye's focusing range reaches a point, when optimally corrected for distance vision, that the clarity of vision at near is insufficient to satisfy an individual's requirements". Strategies for correcting presbyopia include separate optical devices located in front of the visual system (reading glasses) or a change in the direction of gaze to view through optical zones of different optical powers (bifocal, trifocal or progressive addition spectacle lenses), monovision (with contact lenses, intraocular lenses, laser refractive surgery and corneal collagen shrinkage), simultaneous images (with contact lenses, intraocular lenses and corneal inlays), pinhole depth of focus expansion (with intraocular lenses, corneal inlays and pharmaceuticals), crystalline lens softening (with lasers or pharmaceuticals) or restored dynamics (with 'accommodating' intraocular lenses, scleral expansion techniques and ciliary muscle electrostimulation); these strategies may be applied differently to the two eyes to optimise the range of clear focus for an individual's task requirements and minimise adverse visual effects. However, none fully overcome presbyopia in all patients. While the restoration of natural accommodation or an equivalent remains elusive, guidance is given on presbyopic correction evaluation techniques.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Aging; Ciliary Body; Contact Lenses; Eyeglasses; Humans; Laser Therapy; Lens, Crystalline; Lenses, Intraocular; Presbyopia; Refractive Surgical Procedures; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 30244049
DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.09.004 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology... 2020Presbyopia reduces an individual's ability to perform visual tasks at near distances. It is a global problem, affecting over a billion people worldwide. Contact lenses,... (Review)
Review
Presbyopia reduces an individual's ability to perform visual tasks at near distances. It is a global problem, affecting over a billion people worldwide. Contact lenses, glasses, refractive surgery, and intraocular lens surgery are the main modalities in presbyopia treatment, although they all have some disadvantages. Thus, there is an increasing need for effective, easy-to-use, and noninvasive approaches for treating presbyopia while not limiting patients' daily activities. Pharmacological presbyopia treatment as an alternative method has been under investigation in recent years. We reviewed all relevant articles using the keywords "presbyopia," "presbyopia treatment," "pharmacological presbyopia treatment," and "presbyopic corrections" from 2010 to February 9, 2020, and summarized the main results of clinical trials, investigating the drops used for presbyopia treatment.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Muscarinic Agonists; Ophthalmic Solutions; Presbyopia; Refraction, Ocular; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32511122
DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000297 -
Journal of Refractive Surgery... Jun 2021
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Humans; Presbyopia
PubMed: 34170767
DOI: 10.3928/1081597X-20210408-01 -
Insight (American Society of Ophthalmic...
Review
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Humans; Presbyopia; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 30074720
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Sep 2019Presbyopia is the progressive loss of accommodation. Accommodation is a quick, precise and involuntary action which enables the eye to change the power of the young... (Review)
Review
Presbyopia is the progressive loss of accommodation. Accommodation is a quick, precise and involuntary action which enables the eye to change the power of the young crystalline lens to see clearly at all distances. Presbyopia is and age-linked physiologic phenomenon: it results from aging of the lens, which loses its elasticity, gradually becomes rigid and loses the ability to accommodate. Presbyopia has attained a prevalence of 80% in Europe and is increasing regularly due to the aging of the population. Various surgical techniques can be proposed. Indications depend on age, ophthalmological exam, and any associated ametropia. The main techniques act by either changing the curvature of the cornea with laser or with an intrastromal inlay to create pseudoaccomodation, or by intraocular lens surgery with a multifocal or accommodating IOL. Once the surgical choice has been made, the information must be clearly conveyed and consent obtained.
Topics: Europe; Humans; Ophthalmology; Presbyopia; Refractive Surgical Procedures; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 30857805
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.08.009 -
Ophthalmology Oct 2018Presbyopia prevalence and spectacle-correction coverage were estimated by systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic evidence, then modeled to expand to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
TOPIC
Presbyopia prevalence and spectacle-correction coverage were estimated by systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic evidence, then modeled to expand to country, region, and global estimates.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Understanding presbyopia epidemiologic factors and correction coverage is critical to overcoming the burden of vision impairment (VI) from uncorrected presbyopia.
METHODS
We performed systematic reviews of presbyopia prevalence and spectacle-correction coverage. Accepted presbyopia prevalence data were gathered into 5-year age groups from 0 to 90 years or older and meta-analyzed within World Health Organization global burden of disease regions. We developed a model based on amplitude of accommodation adjusted for myopia rates to match the regionally meta-analyzed presbyopia prevalence. Presbyopia spectacle-correction coverage was analyzed against country-level variables from the year of data collection; variation in correction coverage was described best by a model based on the Human Development Index, Gini coefficient, and health expenditure, with adjustments for age and urbanization. We used the models to estimate presbyopia prevalence and spectacle-correction coverage in each age group in urban and rural areas of every country in the world, and combined with population data to estimate the number of people with near VI.
RESULTS
We estimate there were 1.8 billion people (prevalence, 25%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-2.0 billion [23%-27%]) globally with presbyopia in 2015, 826 million (95% CI, 686-960 million) of whom had near VI because they had no, or inadequate, vision correction. Global unmet need for presbyopia correction in 2015 is estimated to be 45% (95% CI, 41%-49%). People with presbyopia are more likely to have adequate optical correction if they live in an urban area of a more developed country with higher health expenditure and lower inequality.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a significant burden of VI from uncorrected presbyopia, with the greatest burden in rural areas of low-resource countries.
Topics: Eyeglasses; Global Health; Humans; Presbyopia; Prevalence; Vision Disorders; Visual Acuity; Visually Impaired Persons
PubMed: 29753495
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.04.013 -
BMJ Open Ophthalmology Jan 2023Presbyopia occurs when the physiologically normal age-related reduction in the eyes focusing range reaches a point, when optimally corrected for distance vision, that... (Review)
Review
Presbyopia occurs when the physiologically normal age-related reduction in the eyes focusing range reaches a point, when optimally corrected for distance vision, that the clarity of vision at near is insufficient to satisfy an individual's requirements. Hence, it is more about the impact it has on an individual's visual ability to function in their environment to maintain their lifestyle than a measured loss of focusing ability. Presbyopia has a significant impact on an individual's quality of life and emotional state. While a range of amelioration strategies exist, they are often difficult to access in the developing world and prescribing is generally not optimal even in developed countries. This review identified the need for a standardised definition of presbyopia to be adopted. An appropriate battery of tests should be applied in evaluating presbyopic management options and the results of clinical trials should be published (even if unsuccessful) to accelerate the provision of better outcomes for presbyopes.
Topics: Humans; Presbyopia; Quality of Life; Eye; Electric Power Supplies
PubMed: 37278419
DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001122 -
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology Jul 2021Presbyopia is the normal progressive loss of accommodation, which leads to the inability to focus clearly on objects located at different distances. Some of the accepted... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Presbyopia is the normal progressive loss of accommodation, which leads to the inability to focus clearly on objects located at different distances. Some of the accepted methods for treating this condition are glasses, contact lenses, and surgery. Pharmacological treatments are a new and promising noninvasive option for dealing with presbyopia. The aim of this review is to provide an update on some recent advances in this field.
RECENT FINDINGS
Currently, there are three different strategies for the pharmacological treatment of presbyopia. The first one aims to produce miosis and increase depth of focus through a pinhole effect, therefore improving uncorrected near visual acuity. The second one tries to restore the elasticity the lens has lost due to aging. Finally, the third strategy is based on rehabilitating accommodation; which is to say, in a binocular way, allowing for good vision at all distances.
SUMMARY
Pharmacological treatments are a new alternative that expands the diversity of existing strategies for treating presbyopia. These treatments are based on the instillation of eyedrops with different compositions, which vary according to the different strategies. Many of these developments will most likely be on the market in the next few years. If the process of patient selection is done properly, any one of these three strategies can be used successfully.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Humans; Ophthalmic Solutions; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Presbyopia; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 33973905
DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000770 -
Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago,... Nov 1988
Review
Topics: Aging; Eyeglasses; Humans; Presbyopia; Research
PubMed: 3056352
DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1988.01060140694036 -
Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the... Jul 2022
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Humans; Presbyopia; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 35499127
DOI: 10.1111/opo.12995