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Brazilian Oral Research 2004Since the use of antimicrobial agents is required in endodontic therapies, this study aimed at determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of chlorhexidine...
Since the use of antimicrobial agents is required in endodontic therapies, this study aimed at determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of chlorhexidine digluconate and paramonochlorophenol (PMC) against microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections. Both agents were tested by agar dilution tests against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella denticola and Prevotella melaninogenica. The MIC of chlorhexidine ranged from 2.67 to 80.00 microg/ml, and the MIC of PMC from 46.67 to 213.33 microg/ml. The highest MIC value of PMC was detected for E. faecalis whereas E. coli was the most susceptible microorganism to this agent. The highest MIC values of chlorhexidine were observed for P. aeruginosa whereas E. coli and P. denticola were the most susceptible microorganisms to this agent. Since the MIC values observed are much lower than the concentrations currently used in the endodontic therapy, it is suggested that both agents are effective in reducing the microbiota in the root canal.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Camphor; Chlorhexidine; Chlorophenols; Dental Pulp Cavity; Drug Combinations; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Root Canal Irrigants
PubMed: 15619879
DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242004000300012 -
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry Dec 1997Animal bite wounds are amongst the most common types of traumatic injuries in humans. The organisms isolated from these wounds generally reflect the oral flora of the...
Animal bite wounds are amongst the most common types of traumatic injuries in humans. The organisms isolated from these wounds generally reflect the oral flora of the biting animal, and may be fastidious in nature and difficult to identify. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Eikenella corrodens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. in supragingival dental plaque collected from the right maxillary canine and carnassial teeth and the right mandibular canine tooth of dogs. In part one of the study, 30 dogs were used. E. corrodens was found in 62% of these dogs and 44% of individual plaque samples. A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in any of the dogs sampled. In part two, 34 dogs were used to determine the prevalence of the black pigmented anaerobic bacilli (Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp.). Porphyromonas gingivalis was present in 68% of these dogs and 47% of individual plaque samples. Prevotella intermedia was present in 44% of the dogs and 23% of individual plaque samples. The recently described Porphyromonas canoris, Porphyromonas salivosa, Porphyromonas cangingivalis, Porphyromonas cansulci, Porphyromonas crevioricanis and Prevotella denticola species were isolated from only 9%, 6%, 3%, 3%, 3% and 3% of dogs respectively. Porphyromonas gingivicanis was not isolated from any of the animals sampled. In conclusion, black-pigmented anaerobic bacilli were isolated from 91% of the animals sampled and therefore constitute a significant risk with respect to bite wound infections. It is also suggested that the prevalence of E. corrodens in wound infections has been underestimated in previous reports because of use of inappropriate techniques for detecting this organism.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Animals; Bites and Stings; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Plaque; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Eikenella corrodens; Female; Humans; Male; Porphyromonas; Prevotella; Regression Analysis; Wound Infection
PubMed: 9571899
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jun 1999OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Rapid ID 32A system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France) for the identification of anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli, excluding the Bacteroides...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Rapid ID 32A system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France) for the identification of anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli, excluding the Bacteroides fragilis group. METHODS: Five hundred and twenty-eight identified clinical isolates of non-B. fragilis group anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli were tested in the Rapid ID 32A system, and identifications were compared with those obtained with conventional biochemical tests and gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The Rapid ID 32A system correctly identified 280 (60.9%) of the 460 isolates tested for which taxa were included in the database, without the need for additional testing. A further 97 (21.1%) isolates were correctly identified to species level following the performance of complementary tests recommended by the manufacturer. Fifty-nine (12.8%) isolates were identified at the genus level only, and 21 (4.6%) were misidentified at the species level. Three isolates of Prevotella were not identified by the system. Of the 68 isolates belonging to taxa not included in the database, no identification was obtained for 33 (48.5%), while 35 (51.5%) were misidentified. CONCLUSIONS: The Rapid ID 32A system provided a rapid and reliable method for the identification of non-B. fragilis group, anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli to the genus level, while the success of species-level identification varied with different taxa. There was poor discrimination between Fusobacterium nucleatum and F. necrophorum, between Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Porphyromonas endodontalis, and between Prevotella buccalis, Prevotella denticola, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella oralis. The need to perform conventional complementary tests on 149 (32.4%) of the 460 isolates compromised the usefulness of the system for rapid species identification.
PubMed: 11856276
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.1999.tb00150.x -
Infection and Immunity Sep 1995By using an in vitro bone-forming culture system, the chick periosteal osteogenesis (CPO) model, the direct effects on osteogenesis of sonicated extracts derived from...
By using an in vitro bone-forming culture system, the chick periosteal osteogenesis (CPO) model, the direct effects on osteogenesis of sonicated extracts derived from oral bacteria were examined. Both extracts from bacterial species having strong associations with periodontal diseases (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella intermedia, hereinafter referred to as suspected periodontopathogens) and extracts from species not correlated with periodontal disease (Streptococcus sanguis, Veillonella atypica, and Prevotella denticola, hereinafter referred to as nonpathogenic bacteria) were tested. All bacterial cultures were grown under standard anaerobic culture conditions. Sonicated bacterial extracts were prepared from the bacterial pellet. These were added in various proportions to the CPO cultures. Parameters of osteogenesis, including alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium and P(i) accumulation, and collagen synthesis, were measured in 6-day-old cultures. Compared with controls grown in the absence of bacterial products, osteogenesis was inhibited significantly in cultures treated with extracts derived from the suspected periodontopathogens. No osteogenic inhibition was observed in cultures treated with extracts from the nonpathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that the ability to inhibit osteogenesis in vitro may be a pathogenic property shared by a limited group of species. Further characterization of the P. gingivalis extracts revealed that both proteinaceous and nonproteinaceous products, including lipopolysaccharide, were able to inhibit osteogenesis. P. gingivalis extract-mediated inhibition of osteogenesis in CPO cultures was blocked by indomethacin, implicating prostaglandins in the regulation of the bacterial effects. The bacterial extracts had either reversible or irreversible inhibitory effects on osteogenesis when added after differentiation or before/during differentiation of bone cells, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Culture Techniques; Hot Temperature; Indomethacin; Lipopolysaccharides; Osteogenesis; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 7642257
DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.9.3287-3296.1995 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology Oct 2007The non-sporing anaerobes cause a wide spectrum of infections. They are difficult to culture and their identification is tedious and time-consuming. Rapid identification...
PURPOSE
The non-sporing anaerobes cause a wide spectrum of infections. They are difficult to culture and their identification is tedious and time-consuming. Rapid identification of anaerobes is highly desirable. Towards this end, the potential of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for providing a fingerprint within the proton spectrum of six genera belonging to anaerobes reflecting their characteristic metabolites has been investigated.
METHODS
NMR analysis was carried out using Mercury plus Varian 300 MHz (7.05 T) NMR spectrophotometer on six different anaerobes. These included Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella denticola, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Peptococcus niger and Peptostreptococcus spp. After the NMR analysis (256/512 scans), the different peaks were noted. The eight pus specimens, which yielded pure culture of anaerobe, also were analysed similarly.
RESULTS
The major resonances of multiplex of amino acids/lipid at 0.9 ppm along with lactate/lipid at 1.3 ppm, acetate at 1.92 ppm and multiplex of lysine at 3.0 ppm remained constant to label the organism as an anaerobe. There was a difference found in the MR spectra of different genera and species. A simple algorithm was developed for the identification of the six different anaerobes studied. The MR spectra of the pure culture of the organism matched the MR spectra of pus from which the organism was isolated.
CONCLUSIONS
MR-based identification was of value in the identification of anaerobes. However, a larger database of the peaks produced by anaerobes needs to be created for identification of all genera and species. It could then have the potential of diagnosing an anaerobic infection in vivo and thus expedite management of deep-seated abscesses.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Algorithms; Amino Acids; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lactic Acid; Lipids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Suppuration
PubMed: 18087080
DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.37334 -
The International Journal of Oral &... 1997The objective of this study was to examine inflammatory tissue in deep peri-implant bone pockets (> 5 mm) for anaerobic bacteria colonization. The peri-implant...
The objective of this study was to examine inflammatory tissue in deep peri-implant bone pockets (> 5 mm) for anaerobic bacteria colonization. The peri-implant inflammatory tissue of bone defects from 12 edentulous patients with 18 unsuccessful implants (IMZ type) was removed after surgical opening of the defects. After grinding the tissue with glass beads in nutrient solution, an aliquot of the suspension was plated and incubated on appropriate culture media. The quantitative and qualitative distribution of bacteria as a function of the tissue dry weight was determined (cell count/mg dry weight). The mean total cell count was 67 x 10(3) cells/mg dry weight. The following bacteria dominated: species of the family Bacteroidaceae (Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella buccae, Prevotella oralis, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella denticola); Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Capnocytophaga spp; and Eikenella corrodens. Bacteroidaceae and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were found particularly frequently. The increased colonization of these bacteria in deep peri-implant bone pockets is consistent with the currently held view of advanced periodontal lesions, whereby certain pathogens grow at a disproportionate rate in comparison with the total bacteria count under specific circumstances.
Topics: Aged; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Alveolar Bone Loss; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroidaceae; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Eikenella corrodens; Female; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Male; Periodontal Pocket; Prosthesis-Related Infections
PubMed: 9048462
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbios 1997A quantitative procedure is described for the analysis of fermentation products of eight representative black-pigmented Gram-negative anaerobic bacterial strains... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A quantitative procedure is described for the analysis of fermentation products of eight representative black-pigmented Gram-negative anaerobic bacterial strains (Porphyromonas gingivalis 381, Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611, Prevotella nigrescens ATCC 33563, Prevotella melaninogenica ATCC 25845, Prevotella denticola ATCC 33185, and Prevotella loescheii ATCC 15930) from oral sites in humans, using gas-liquid chromatography. This procedure for the identification of clinical isolates was carried out and the results were in agreement with those obtained by other chemical, biochemical and serological assays. The isolates were classified as Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and two serotype groups of Porphyromonas gingivalis, based on the quantity of fatty acids.
Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacteriological Techniques; Chromatography, Gas; Culture Media; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Periodontitis
PubMed: 9345789
DOI: No ID Found -
Zeitschrift Fur Gastroenterologie May 2019We report on a 40-year-old patient who presented with fever, right upper abdominal pain, right-sided chest pain and acute dyspnea. Imaging revealed several liver...
We report on a 40-year-old patient who presented with fever, right upper abdominal pain, right-sided chest pain and acute dyspnea. Imaging revealed several liver abscesses, as well as extensive right pleural empyema. Sixteen weeks previously, the patient underwent tooth extraction of the third molars (18, 28, 38, 48) and a first molar (46), and systematic closed periodontitis treatment. Four different species of the physiological microbiota of the oral cavity were detected in the pleura or liver abscess punctate (Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Prevotella denticola). An underlying immune defect was ruled out. Ultrasound-guided drainage of liver abscesses and surgical treatment of pleural empyema by video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) and insertion of thoracic suction drains was performed, accompanied by targeted antibiotic therapy. Over a course of 6 weeks, the patient recovered completely. The case report illustrates severe infectious side effects of major dental interventions, and it critically summarizes current dental guideline recommendations on peri-interventional antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, a good clinical follow up after major tooth extractions is imperative.
Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drainage; Empyema, Pleural; Humans; Liver Abscess; Male; Pleura; Postoperative Complications; Prevotella intermedia; Streptococcus anginosus; Streptococcus constellatus; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Thoracoscopy; Tooth Extraction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31083748
DOI: 10.1055/a-0829-7017