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The Journal of Otolaryngology Aug 1996Despite a reduction in the incidence, deep-neck space infections are still seen today with definite potential for significant morbidity and even mortality.
OBJECTIVE
Despite a reduction in the incidence, deep-neck space infections are still seen today with definite potential for significant morbidity and even mortality.
DESIGN
The authors present their experience in the management of 16 patients with 19 deep-neck space abscesses. The distribution of the abscesses were: 5 Ludwig's angina, 4 parapharyngeal abscesses, 3 retropharyngeal abscesses, 3 in the sub-mandibular triangle, 3 in the deep anterior triangle, and 1 in the deep posterior triangle.
RESULTS
The source of infection was odontogenic in six patients, pharyngeal in three, otogenic in one, and could not be identified in the other six patients. Most cases presented with pain and neck swelling. Plain x-ray films, computed tomography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging were the main diagnostic procedures. Positive culture was obtained in only nine cases (56.2%). No predominant single organism was identified. Antimicrobial therapy and surgical drainage were the mainstay of treatment. Two cases were complicated by internal jugular-vein thrombophlebitis. All the patients survived without major residual sequelae.
CONCLUSIONS
The etiology, presentation, and management of deep-neck space infections are briefly reviewed.
Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides fragilis; Child; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Pharynx; Prevotella melaninogenica; Radiography; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcus; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 8863209
DOI: No ID Found -
Anaerobe Feb 2017Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic rod that is typically involved in urinary tract infections in elderly... (Review)
Review
Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic rod that is typically involved in urinary tract infections in elderly patients or those with underlying urological pathologies. In contrast, abscess formation caused by A. schaalii is very rare. We present a case of multiple abscesses in the perineal area in a young patient with hidradenitis suppurativa associated with A. schaalii and Prevotella melaninogenica and review the relevant literature on the topic.
Topics: Abscess; Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroidaceae Infections; DNA, Ribosomal; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Prevotella melaninogenica; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 27913316
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.11.010 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Apr 2024Most in vitro models lack the capacity to fully probe bacterial phenotypes emerging from the complex interactions observed in real-life environments. This is...
Most in vitro models lack the capacity to fully probe bacterial phenotypes emerging from the complex interactions observed in real-life environments. This is particularly true in the context of hard-to-treat, chronic, and polymicrobial biofilm-based infections detected in the airways of individuals living with cystic fibrosis (CF), a multiorgan genetic disease. While multiple microbiome studies have defined the microbial compositions detected in the airway of people with CF (pwCF), no in vitro models thus far have fully integrated critical CF-relevant lung features. Therefore, a significant knowledge gap exists in the capacity to investigate the mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of mixed species CF lung infections. Here, we describe a recently developed four-species microbial community model, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Prevotella melaninogenica grown in CF-like conditions. Through the utilization of this system, clinically relevant phenotypes such as antimicrobial recalcitrance of several pathogens were observed and explored at the molecular level. The usefulness of this in vitro model resides in its standardized workflow that can facilitate the study of interspecies interactions in the context of chronic CF lung infections.
Topics: Cystic Fibrosis; Biofilms; Humans; Phenotype; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Microbiota; Streptococcus sanguis; Prevotella melaninogenica
PubMed: 38709077
DOI: 10.3791/66785 -
Community Dentistry and Oral... Jun 1985The devastating orofacial gangrenous disease known as cancrum oris (noma) is still commonly seen in underprivileged Nigerian children. These children are usually victims... (Review)
Review
The devastating orofacial gangrenous disease known as cancrum oris (noma) is still commonly seen in underprivileged Nigerian children. These children are usually victims of such stressors as chronic malnutrition, numerous endemic communicable diseases and severe adverse physical conditions which may lead to depletion of their adaptive resources or produce physiological maladaptation to additional stressors. Measles is the most common infection preceding the development of noma in Nigerian children. Acquired immunodeficiency as well as the impaired endocrine balance of the chronically malnourished permits, for example, widespread infection with the measles virus. Anergy resulting from the combination of malnutrition and measles virus infection promotes selective overgrowth and invasion by an infective consortium consisting of anaerobic organisms and other species capable of elaborating necessary growth factors for the former. Because of the pre-existing depletion of adaptive physiologic resources in the malnourished child, the infection is not readily contained locally as necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis but instead spreads rapidly to the next naturally occurring anatomical barriers. This is then followed by continuing necrosis and possible sequestration as exemplified by noma.
Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Child; Child, Preschool; Collagen; Communicable Diseases; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative; Haplorhini; Humans; Malocclusion; Neutrophils; Nigeria; Noma; Oral Hygiene; Prevotella melaninogenica; Socioeconomic Factors; Vitamin B Deficiency
PubMed: 2861938
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1985.tb00443.x -
Endodontics & Dental Traumatology Feb 1997Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of 11 bacterial strains from the type species of the genera Bacteroides (B. fragilis), Prevotella (Pr. melaninogenica), Porphyromonas (Po.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of 11 bacterial strains from the type species of the genera Bacteroides (B. fragilis), Prevotella (Pr. melaninogenica), Porphyromonas (Po. gingivalis), Campylobacter (C. fetus subsp. fetus), and Wolinella (W. succinogenes), and from the type strains of B. distasonis, B. forsythus, B. ureolyticus, Po. levii, Po. macacae, and C. gracilis, were extracted with hot water-phenol (Westphal method). S-form LPSs, obtained from all organisms, were well resolved with tricine-sodium-dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Lipid A was not stained. Also profiles from LPS of Escherichia coli, serotypes 0111:B4 and 055:B5, could be distinguished. While W. succinogenes showed a relatively short S-form LPS on electrophoregrams, the other bacteria, including B. fragilis, exhibited long-ladder LPSs. Po. gingivalis displayed the largest number of bands and the longest O-chain. The long O-chain of this bacterium may be important for its virulence.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Bacteroides; Campylobacter; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glycine; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Lipopolysaccharides; Molecular Weight; Porphyromonas; Prevotella melaninogenica; Virulence; Wolinella
PubMed: 9206383
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1997.tb00003.x -
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious... 1979The main cause of anaerobic pulmonary infections is aspiration of saliva, upper airway secretions or gastric content. Predisposing conditions include prominent dental...
The main cause of anaerobic pulmonary infections is aspiration of saliva, upper airway secretions or gastric content. Predisposing conditions include prominent dental disease, chronic upper respiratory tract infections and reduced consciousness. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides melaninogenicus and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci are the most frequently encountered organisms. The clinical presentations are lung abscess, lung gangrene and empyema, which all tend to take a slow and indolent course. Preferred localization are dependent lung segments, most often on the right side. For bacteriological examination in these infections, only transtracheal aspirate and aspirate from the lung or pleural space are considered adequate. In 26 cases of empyema treated in our hospital during the last 3 years, adequate specimens had been taken in 19. Fifteen had been adequately examined, and anaerobes were cultured in 6. Among 29 abscesses treated during the same period, adequate specimens had been taken in only 14, and 11 had been properly examined. Seven specimens grew anaerobes on culture. In prospective studies of transtracheal aspirate in 15 chronic bronchitics without emphysema, anaerobes were not demonstrated. In 11 patients with bronchiectasis, anaerobic bacteria were cultured in 3. Finally, no anaerobic bacteria could be demonstrated in the transtracheal aspirate from 76 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Anaerobic, pulmonary infections do not represent an intriguing medical problem in our region. However, knowledge of these infections is necessary to secure adequacy in collection of specimens and in their bacteriological examination.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Empyema; Fusobacterium; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Humans; Lung Abscess; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Prevotella melaninogenica; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 37594
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2020Key events in the pathogenesis of Sjӧgren syndrome (SS) include the change of salivary gland epithelial cells into antigen-presenting cell-like phenotypes and focal...
Key events in the pathogenesis of Sjӧgren syndrome (SS) include the change of salivary gland epithelial cells into antigen-presenting cell-like phenotypes and focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS). However, what triggers these features in SS is unknown. Dysbiosis of the gut and oral microbiomes is a potential environmental factor in SS, but its connection to the etiopathogenesis of SS remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the oral microbiota in SS and to investigate its potential role in the pathogenesis of SS. Oral bacterial communities were collected by whole mouthwash from control subjects (14 without oral dryness and 11 with dryness) and primary SS patients (8 without oral dryness and 17 with dryness) and were analyzed by pyrosequencing. The SS oral microbiota was characterized by an increased bacterial load and Shannon diversity. Through comparisons of control and SS in combined samples and then separately in non-dry and dry conditions, SS-associated taxa independent of dryness were identified. Three SS-associated species and 2 control species were selected and used to challenge human submandibular gland tumor (HSG) cells. Among the selected SS-associated bacterial species, Prevotella melaninogenica uniquely upregulated the expression of MHC molecules, CD80, and IFNλ in HSG cells. Concomitantly, P. melaninogenica efficiently invaded HSG cells. Sections of labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsies from 8 non-SS subjects and 15 SS patients were subjected to in situ hybridization using universal and P. melaninogenica-specific probes. Ductal cells and the areas of infiltration were heavily infected with bacteria in the LSGs with FLS. Collectively, dysbiotic oral microbiota may initiate the deregulation of SGECs and the IFN signature through bacterial invasion into ductal cells. These findings may provide new insights into the etiopathogenesis of SS.
Topics: Aquaporins; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Case-Control Studies; Cell Line, Tumor; Dysbiosis; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Interferons; Microbiota; Prevotella melaninogenica; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salivary Glands; Sialadenitis; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 32208441
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230667 -
American Journal of Kidney Diseases :... Mar 1997Renal allograft recipients are prone to opportunistic infections due to their need of immunosuppression to prevent rejection. Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic... (Review)
Review
Renal allograft recipients are prone to opportunistic infections due to their need of immunosuppression to prevent rejection. Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic infection caused by a fungi of the order Mucorales. Risk factors predisposing to this disease include prolonged neutropenia, chelation therapy for iron or aluminum overdose, diabetes, and patients who are immunosuppressed. Life-threatening infections can occur, as this fungi has the propensity to invade blood vessel endothelium, resulting in hematologic dissemination. Early diagnosis and prompt aggressive therapy is imperative to achieve an improved outcome. We present two cases of pulmonary mucormycosis in diabetic renal allograft recipients who were treated successfully with amphotericin B and surgical resection of the lesions with preservation of their allograft function. In this era of intensified immunosuppression, we may see an increased incidence of mucormycosis in our transplant population.
Topics: Adult; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Middle Aged; Mucormycosis; Opportunistic Infections; Postoperative Complications; Prevotella melaninogenica; Rhizopus; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 9041226
DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(97)90211-0 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Apr 2005We have found that broadband light (380 to 520 nm) rapidly and selectively kills oral black-pigmented bacteria (BPB) in pure cultures and in dental plaque samples...
We have found that broadband light (380 to 520 nm) rapidly and selectively kills oral black-pigmented bacteria (BPB) in pure cultures and in dental plaque samples obtained from human subjects with chronic periodontitis. We hypothesize that this killing effect is a result of light excitation of their endogenous porphyrins. Cultures of Prevotella intermedia and P. nigrescens were killed by 4.2 J/cm2, whereas P. melaninogenica required 21 J/cm2. Exposure to light with a fluence of 42 J/cm2 produced 99% killing of P. gingivalis. High-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated the presence of various amounts of different porphyrin molecules in BPB. The amounts of endogenous porphyrin in BPB were 267 (P. intermedia), 47 (P. nigrescens), 41 (P. melaninogenica), and 2.2 (P. gingivalis) ng/mg. Analysis of bacteria in dental plaque samples by DNA-DNA hybridization for 40 taxa before and after phototherapy showed that the growth of the four BPB was decreased by 2 and 3 times after irradiation at energy fluences of 4.2 and 21 J/cm2, respectively, whereas the growth of the remaining 36 microorganisms was decreased by 1.5 times at both energy fluences. The present study suggests that intraoral light exposure may be used to control BPB growth and possibly benefit patients with periodontal disease.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Plaque; Humans; Light; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Periodontitis; Phototherapy; Pigments, Biological; Porphyrins; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella melaninogenica; Streptococcus constellatus
PubMed: 15793117
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.49.4.1391-1396.2005 -
Indian Journal of Medical and... Oct 2010Despite the widening interest in the possible association between bacteria and different stages of cancer development, our knowledge in its relation to oral cancers...
Despite the widening interest in the possible association between bacteria and different stages of cancer development, our knowledge in its relation to oral cancers remains inadequate. The aim of this review article is to derive a better understanding on the role of various micro-organisms in the etiogenesis of oral cancers through all the available data on the pubmed. Different bacteria have been proposed to induce carcinogenesis either through induction of chronic inflammation or by interference, either directly or indirectly, with eukaryotic cell cycle and signaling pathways, or by metabolism of potentially carcinogenic substances like acetaldehyde causing mutagenesis. Studies have shown diversity of isolated bacterial taxa between the oral cancer tissue specimens and the control, with Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans, Prevotella melaninogenica, Staphylococcus aureus and Veillonella parvula being specific for tumorogenic tissues. Most isolates are saccharolytic and acid tolerant. Streptococcus anginosus, commonly linked with esophageal and pharyngeal cancers, is not of significance in oral cancers. Similarly, significant salivary specificity is noted for three bacteria, namely, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, P. melaninogenica, and Streptococcus mitis in oral cancer patients, making these species salivary markers for the early detection of oral cancers and thus improving the survival rate significantly. Also, such high degree of bacterial specificity in oral cancers has also provoked the designing of new treatment options for cancer prevention by way of vaccine delivery. However, for the success of these steps, a deeper exploration into this subject with a greater understanding is warranted.
PubMed: 21584217
DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.76195