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British Journal of Urology Nov 1989Priapism is a rare condition in childhood; the majority of reported cases are in boys with sickle cell disease, where conservative management is often appropriate. Our... (Review)
Review
Priapism is a rare condition in childhood; the majority of reported cases are in boys with sickle cell disease, where conservative management is often appropriate. Our experience with 4 cases, with differing aetiologies, and a review of the literature highlight the need for aggressive therapy when conservative measures fail.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Male; Penis; Priapism; Suction
PubMed: 2692778
DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1989.tb05295.x -
East African Medical Journal Jun 1995Early this century, the aetiology of priapism was solely attributed to "systemic disease and local irritation of lower genital tract and neurologic lesion". Corpora... (Review)
Review
Early this century, the aetiology of priapism was solely attributed to "systemic disease and local irritation of lower genital tract and neurologic lesion". Corpora cavernosa incision described by Young was the only form of treatment. However, the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment options for the management of priapism and prolonged erections have evolved significantly in the past several years. Before the use of pharmacological agents for the production of erections, idiopathic priapism became the most common aetiology. Causes of priapism from newer psychotropic medications such as trazodone to intra-cavernosal injection therapy with pharmacological agents have increased the number of patients with priapism presenting to the urologist. The management of priapism has remained controversial and has perplexed and continued to frustrate many urologists. A recent and more thorough knowledge of the pathophysiological basis of priapism and the clear differentiation between the low flow veno- occlusive priapism and high flow arterial priapism have significantly improved the diagnostic protocol for patients with priapism. Colour doppler ultrasound evaluation and cavernosal blood gas determinations have become mandatory and greatly improved specific diagnosis. Priapism must be considered a urological emergency and early surgical intervention with corpus cavernosum aspiration and pharmacological lavage with normal saline alpha-adrenegic agonists should be instituted immediately. This will avoid the risk of erectile impotence with considerable medico-legal consequences. Precious time must not be wasted in the older unproven conservative methods including hot and cold water enemas, and vigorous prostatic massage.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Blood Gas Analysis; Emergencies; Humans; Male; Priapism; Therapeutic Irrigation; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 7498015
DOI: No ID Found -
Nature Reviews. Urology Apr 2011Priapism is a true urological emergency that is typified by a persistent and painful erection. High-risk groups include patients with hematological or coagulative... (Review)
Review
Priapism is a true urological emergency that is typified by a persistent and painful erection. High-risk groups include patients with hematological or coagulative disorders; for example, those with sickle cell disease, leukemia or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. The diagnosis for priapism must be made urgently using patient history, physical examination and blood gas findings on corporal aspiration. Emergency treatment is needed to avoid erectile dysfunction. However, in high-risk groups, prophylaxis must be encouraged. A number of prophylactic measures are emerging based on progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of priapism in these particular patients. In this Review, priapism as it relates to hematological disorders is discussed, focusing on treatment and prophylaxis.
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Male; Priapism
PubMed: 21403660
DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2011.28 -
International Journal of Impotence... Aug 2018Male enhancement and erectile dysfunction supplements are typically non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and readily available for purchase by anyone.... (Review)
Review
Male enhancement and erectile dysfunction supplements are typically non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and readily available for purchase by anyone. Longstanding priapism is a significant potential side effect. A 25-year-old man presented with a 48-h priapism after taking Rhino 7 Platinum 3000. He required bilateral corpo-glanular shunting to alleviate his priapism. On initial 2-week follow-up, he had significant fibrosis of the corporal bodies bilaterally and had been unable to achieve an erection. There are few studies performed and few case reports regarding the roles of various supplements in causing priapism. We are unaware of any studies regarding Rhino 7 Platinum 3000. Interestingly, since our initial contact with the FDA Safety Reporting Portal, multiple investigations of Rhino products have demonstrated that sildenafil is a non-labeled ingredient. Given the lack of FDA oversight of many other supplements similar to this one, patients must be wary that the ingredients listed may not be comprehensive and that serious side effects can occur.
Topics: Adult; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Male; Penis; Priapism; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29915255
DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0033-7 -
International Journal of Impotence... Oct 2003Priapism is a condition first described by Tripe in 1845. It has been defined as a pathological condition of penile erection that persists beyond or is unrelated to... (Review)
Review
Priapism is a condition first described by Tripe in 1845. It has been defined as a pathological condition of penile erection that persists beyond or is unrelated to sexual stimulation. Two variants of priapism have been well described. The ischemic priapism (also known as low-flow priapism) and nonischemic priapism (or high flow priapism) have unique and distinct causes. It is important to distinguish these two conditions as the treatment for each is different. This review will focus on the two types of priapism and the appropriate diagnostic work-up for each. As well, the medical and surgical treatment options for these two conditions will be described in detail. A third entity known as stuttering priapism will also be discussed as will its unique treatment alternatives.
Topics: Humans; Male; Penis; Priapism; Veins
PubMed: 14551583
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901078 -
Casopis Lekaru Ceskych Mar 1999Priapism is prolonged, and usually painful, erection not associated with sexual desire. It is a relatively rare acute urological disease where treatment must be started... (Review)
Review
Priapism is prolonged, and usually painful, erection not associated with sexual desire. It is a relatively rare acute urological disease where treatment must be started within 6 hours after its development, as after a longer time interval due to ischaemia irreversible fibrotic changes of the cavernous tissue of the penis develop which lead to permanent erectile dysfunction. There may be either low flow priapism (inadequate outflow of blood from the cavernous tissue) or more rarely high flow priapism (excessive inflow of blood). Priapism is classified with regard to its aetiology into primary (cause unknown) or secondary. The causes of secondary priapism are most frequently overdosage of vasodilatating agents during intracavernous injection treatment of erectile dysfunction (specially papaverine), tumours (obstruction of the efferent veins or direct infiltration of the corpora cavernosa)--in particular carcinoma of the urinary bladder, prostate and rectum. Priapism is frequently due to injuries of the prostate and straddle injuries. 5% men with sickle-cell anaemia suffer from an attack of priapism. Treatment of priapism differs, depending on the type, and should be entrusted to an experienced urologist in an in-patient department.
Topics: Humans; Male; Priapism
PubMed: 10376395
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Drug Targets 2015Priapism is an erectile disorder involving uncontrolled, prolonged penile erection without sexual purpose, which can lead to erectile dysfunction. Ischemic priapism, the... (Review)
Review
Priapism is an erectile disorder involving uncontrolled, prolonged penile erection without sexual purpose, which can lead to erectile dysfunction. Ischemic priapism, the most common of the variants, occurs with high prevalence in patients with sickle cell disease. Despite the potentially devastating complications of this condition, management of recurrent priapism episodes historically has commonly involved reactive treatments rather than preventative strategies. Recently, increasing elucidation of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder, principally involving dysregulation of nitric oxide signaling, has allowed for greater insights and exploration into potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the multiple molecular regulatory pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of priapism. We also identify the roles and mechanisms of molecular effectors in providing the basis for potential future therapies.
Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Humans; Immunomodulation; Male; Nitric Oxide; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; Priapism; Signal Transduction; Sympathomimetics
PubMed: 25392014
DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666141111111842 -
JAMA Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Male; Priapism; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 38085315
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.20669 -
JAMA Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Male; Priapism; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 38085318
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.20666 -
The Urologic Clinics of North America May 2011Advances have recently been made in both medical and surgical management of priapism, and these offer improvements in the level of care afforded such patients. Further... (Review)
Review
Advances have recently been made in both medical and surgical management of priapism, and these offer improvements in the level of care afforded such patients. Further developments can be expected based on ongoing progress, particularly in the area of molecular science, which is the primary source for driving novel therapeutic approaches. Continued action to address the health care administrative concerns of those most commonly affected by priapism, specifically individuals with sickle cell disease, is also appropriate. All successes in these arenas ensure that afflicted individuals avoid the health burdens of priapism and preserve sexual function.
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Male; Priapism; Risk Factors; Risk Management
PubMed: 21621085
DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2011.02.005