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Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent... Mar 1994
Topics: Apnea; Drug Resistance; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Primidone; Theophylline
PubMed: 8130876
DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170030102029 -
American Journal of Health-system... Aug 2004
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Fatal Outcome; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Male; Medication Errors; Prednisone; Primidone; Seizures
PubMed: 15372825
DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/61.15.1552a -
Epilepsia Aug 1979In 36 epileptic children treated with primidone alone or in combination with additional anticonvulsants, salivary drug levels were compared in resting (I) and in...
In 36 epileptic children treated with primidone alone or in combination with additional anticonvulsants, salivary drug levels were compared in resting (I) and in flow-stimulated (II) saliva and were related to the corresponding serum levels. Primidone levels in saliva I and saliva II were highly correlated (r = 0.97) but were significantly (p less than 0.001) lower in saliva II; the mean difference was -38%. Serum primidone levels were highly correlated to salivary primidone levels both in saliva I (r = 0.92) and in salvia II (r = 0.91). A significant negative correlation could be established between the salivary flow rate and the saliva/serum ratio of primidone, especially in saliva I (r = 0.61; p less than 0.001). The mean saliva I/serum ratio was 1.115, reflecting drug accumulation in resting saliva. The reason primidone accumulates remains unclear. When salivary flow was stimulated, the mean saliva/serum ratio decreased to 0.7, indicating the development of a drug concentration slope from blood to saliva. This is explained by the limited permeation of the drug through cellular membranes due to its rather low lipid solubility. From the data it can be concluded that saliva is suitable for monitoring primidone levels provided the conditions of sample collection are standardized.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Humans; Primidone; Saliva; Solubility
PubMed: 477634
DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1979.tb04824.x -
International Journal of Clinical... 1987A 15-year old boy, suffering from partial complex seizures, was treated with primidone (PR) and carbamazepine (CBZ). In spite of daily doses in the usual range (PR = 12...
A 15-year old boy, suffering from partial complex seizures, was treated with primidone (PR) and carbamazepine (CBZ). In spite of daily doses in the usual range (PR = 12 mg/kg, CBZ = 30 mg/kg), he was not free from seizures and serum levels of CBZ were remarkably low (4.8 micrograms/ml). A good control of seizures was obtained after gradually stopping treatment with PR. This lead to a substantial increase of CBZ serum levels to a decrease of carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide levels and a 60% reduction in total CBZ clearance.
Topics: Adolescent; Carbamazepine; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Male; Primidone
PubMed: 3583497
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Jul 1982The hemodialyzability of primidone was investigated in four patients on long-term hemodialysis. Primidone, 500 or 250 mg, was given orally 2 hours before hemodialysis....
The hemodialyzability of primidone was investigated in four patients on long-term hemodialysis. Primidone, 500 or 250 mg, was given orally 2 hours before hemodialysis. Blood and dialyzate samples were collected periodically during the 4-hour dialysis and measured by gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography for primidone. Dialysis clearance calculated by the instantaneous dialyzate method averaged 97.7 ml/min, which is considerably greater than the metabolic clearance of 30 ml/min for the drug. The extraction efficiency of the hollow-fiber dialyzers averaged 40.2 pr cent for plasma samples. A mean of 31.7 per cent of the administered dose of primidone was removed during hemodialysis. The half-life was 5.1 hours in our patients during hemodialysis, a nearly two-thirds reduction of the 13.9-hour half-life calculated in uremic patients. Because of the reduction in elimination half-life, greater dialysis clearance than metabolic clearance, high extraction efficiency, and significant drug removal during dialysis, we conclude that primidone is dialyzable.
Topics: Adult; Half-Life; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Primidone; Renal Dialysis; Uremia
PubMed: 7107978
DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02679.x -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Oct 1984Fifteen epileptic dogs had been treated with high dosages of phenobarbital but had not achieved adequate control of their seizures. Their treatment was switched to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Fifteen epileptic dogs had been treated with high dosages of phenobarbital but had not achieved adequate control of their seizures. Their treatment was switched to comparable and higher dosages of primidone. Serum concentrations of phenobarbital were measured in all dogs before and after primidone therapy was initiated, to ensure that the primidone dosage achieved comparable or higher values when derived from primidone. Only one dog experienced improvement in seizure control, indicating that there is no advantage to the use of primidone over the use of phenobarbital for the control of seizures in most dogs.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Epilepsy; Female; Male; Phenobarbital; Primidone
PubMed: 6501043
DOI: No ID Found -
JAMA May 1989
Topics: Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Primidone; Therapeutic Equivalency; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 2704103
DOI: No ID Found -
Neurology May 1988In a double-blind cross-over trial, primidone was superior to both placebo and phenobarbital in reducing essential tremor in 13 patients. Phenobarbital, at a dosage... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study
In a double-blind cross-over trial, primidone was superior to both placebo and phenobarbital in reducing essential tremor in 13 patients. Phenobarbital, at a dosage yielding serum barbiturate levels greater than those seen with primidone, was not better than placebo. Thus, primidone has an effect in essential tremor independent from that of its metabolite phenobarbital.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Phenobarbital; Primidone; Tremor
PubMed: 3283599
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.38.5.808 -
Epilepsia Mar 1977Primidone, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, was administered orally to mice of the I.C.I. strain from days 6-16 of pregnancy. The fetuses were removed by caesarian section on...
Primidone, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, was administered orally to mice of the I.C.I. strain from days 6-16 of pregnancy. The fetuses were removed by caesarian section on day 19 and examined by dissection and alizarin staining for gross structural and skeletal defects. The most common abnormalities found were palatal defects with full-length or submucosal clefts. In the controls--25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg groups--the incidence of palatal defects was 0/85, 16/84, 18/117, 19/102, and 17/92 fetuses, respectively. Essentially no other major or minor drug-related abnormalities were found. The metabolism of primidone in the pregnant and nonpregnant mouse was also studied and shown to be similar to that previously reported in the rat. Peak blood levels of primidone were obtained after 1 hr; they fell to very low levels by 6 hr. and were completely cleared by 24 hr. The metabolites produced, PEMA and phenobarbital, are similar to those produced in other species including man. Blood levels following single oral doses of 5 to 150 mg/kg were dose-related so that no explanation for the lack of dose-related teratogenic effect was found.
Topics: Animals; Cleft Palate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetus; Mice; Palate; Pregnancy; Primidone; Teratogens
PubMed: 870315
DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1977.tb05581.x -
The Journal of Pharmacology and... Aug 1973
Topics: Amides; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Gas; Electroshock; Male; Malonates; Pentylenetetrazole; Phenobarbital; Primidone; Rats; Seizures; Time Factors
PubMed: 4719783
DOI: No ID Found