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Endocrinology Dec 1996As a first step in understanding the role of decidual PRL-related protein (dPRP) during pregnancy, we have generated recombinant dPRP protein. In this report, we present...
As a first step in understanding the role of decidual PRL-related protein (dPRP) during pregnancy, we have generated recombinant dPRP protein. In this report, we present data on the generation, purification, and characterization of recombinant dPRP protein. The dPRP complementary DNA was subcloned into the pMSXND vector, and the vector was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by electroporation. After appropriate selection, amplification, and induction procedures, recombinant dPRP was purified from conditioned medium of the CHO-dPRP cells using ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, and reverse phase HPLC. Recombinant dPRP was found to possess electrophoretic mobility, immunoreactivity, and N-terminal amino acid sequence identical to those of dPRP isolated from decidual tissue. Polyclonal antibodies were generated to the recombinant dPRP and used for Western blot analysis. dPRP is capable of binding heparin, and a significant fraction of synthesized dPRP resides within the decidual extracellular matrix. Recombinant dPRP failed to bind to PRL receptors and showed no stimulatory activity in the PRL-dependent rat Nb2 lymphoma cell proliferation assay. Additional studies have shown that heterologous expression of dPRP in CHO cells significantly increased the ability of CHO cells to form tumors in athymic mice. In conclusion, recombinant dPRP possesses characteristics similar to those of dPRP of decidual origin and is a heparin-binding protein that may facilitate the establishment of pregnancy.
Topics: Animals; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Drug Interactions; Heparin; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Prolactin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Recombinant Proteins; Sheep
PubMed: 8940384
DOI: 10.1210/endo.137.12.8940384 -
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Jan 1982Blood was collected, at 5-min intervals for 3 h, via jugular cannulation every 14 days during the first 4 months post partum from beef cows and heifers, 4 suckling 2...
Blood was collected, at 5-min intervals for 3 h, via jugular cannulation every 14 days during the first 4 months post partum from beef cows and heifers, 4 suckling 2 calves and 4 suckling 1 calf. Calves were isolated from the dams to prevent suckling for approximately 4 h before and 2 1/2 h during sampling to obtain baseline values for prolactin, measured by radioimmunoassay. During the last 30 min of sampling, calves were allowed to suck. Milk samples were also collected at 28-day intervals from 60 females, 30 with twins and 30 with single calves. beginning 2 weeks after calving and continuing until calves were weaned at 180 days of age. No differences were observed between dams with 1 and 2 calves for baseline plasma prolactin level or for prolactin response to the suckling stimulus by 1 or 2 calves. However, milk prolactin concentration was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) for dams with 2 calves, probably reflecting the more frequent suckling that occurs with twins. Milk prolactin value in this study was not highly correlated with the post-partum interval to first ovulation from another study on these animals. It is concluded that prolactin is not significantly higher (P less than 0.01) for dams with 2 calves, probably reflecting the more frequent suckling that occurs with twins. Milk prolactin value in this study was not highly correlated with the post-partum interval to first ovulation from another study on these animals. It is concluded that prolactin is not significantly higher (P less than 0.01) for dams with 2 calves, probably reflecting the more frequent suckling that occurs with twins. Milk prolactin value in this study was not highly correlated with the post-partum interval to first ovulation from another study on these animals. It is concluded that prolactin is not the primary factor controlling the longer post-partum interval to first ovulation in beef cattle with twins.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Lactation; Milk; Pregnancy; Prolactin; Radioimmunoassay; Twins
PubMed: 7054497
DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.0640243 -
Clinical and Translational Medicine Nov 2021
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Humans; Prolactin; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 34841740
DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.630 -
The Journal of Rheumatology Jun 1992
Topics: Antibody Formation; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Prolactin; Rheumatic Diseases
PubMed: 1404116
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et... 1989Prolactin (PRL) has an important peripheral role to play in female reproductive function. This hormone, in physiological concentrations, is necessary so that the... (Review)
Review
Prolactin (PRL) has an important peripheral role to play in female reproductive function. This hormone, in physiological concentrations, is necessary so that the follicle can mature properly. It also helps the maturation of oocytes and is essential for the physiological action of the corpus luteum so that progesterone production can be stimulated. It inhibits its catabolism and is responsible for keeping up the numbers of LH and oestradiol receptors. It works through the intermediary of prolactin receptors which are localised on the granulosa cells. The mechanism is through immuno-cytochemistry and it can be distinguished biochemically (Ka = 0.5 10(10) M). Probably, when levels are high it upsets follicular maturation by inhibiting the biosynthesis of the oestrogens and also by stimulating the secretion in the granulosa cells of a substance that inhibits oocyte maturation: and prolactin exercises a luteolytic action by stimulating the catabolism of the hormone and lessening the numbers of LH receptors. On the other and, there are high concentrations of PRL in amniotic fluid. As endometrial cells undergo the phenomenon of decidualization they produce PRL which is identical biochemically with the pituitary hormone. Certain steroids seem to regulate this synthesis of PRL. This hormone must play a role in fetal osmoregulation through the intermediary of prolactin receptors.
Topics: Endometrium; Female; Humans; Ovary; Prolactin
PubMed: 2661644
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of the Medical Society of... Oct 1981
Topics: Female; Humans; Lactation; Male; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Prolactin
PubMed: 6947090
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives Des Sciences Physiologiques 1951
Topics: Corpus Luteum; Female; Hormones; Humans; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Prolactin
PubMed: 14934451
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2005The aim was to explore the role of prolactine (PRL) in the lymphocyte activation process in active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in an in...
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to explore the role of prolactine (PRL) in the lymphocyte activation process in active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in an in vitro model.
METHODS
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were isolated from SLE patients and healthy individuals. The mRNA for prolactine and its receptor, obtained by standard techniques with an appropriate primer, were subjected to PCR and visualised. The PBMC were cultured with: a) medium alone as a negative control, b) unspecific mitogen as a positive control (PMA-ionomycin for CD154 or concanavalin A for CD69), c) PRL alone, d) mitogen plus PRL, e) mitogen plus antibody anti-PRL (1:50) and f) mitogen plus an unrelated antibody. Then CD69 and CD154 were determined by flow cytometry analysis.
RESULTS
Twelve inactive and 15 active SLE patients were studied. 25% of the active patients displayed hyperprolactinemia. Under basal conditions, CD69 expression was associated with disease activity. In contrast, CD154 did not show this association. The PBMNC activated in vitro were capable of producing and secreting prolactine as measured by mRNA and Nb2 assay. In the same way the mRNA for prolactine receptor was visualized. Cells from SLE patients cultivated with PRL alone did not display increased CD69 or CD154 expression. The addition of PRL to the unspecific stimulated culture did not have an additive effect. In contrast, the addition of antibodies against PRL, in order to block the autocrine prolactine, resulted in a striking reduction in CD69 and CD154 expression.
CONCLUSIONS
PRL is produced and secreted by the immune cell and acts just after the first trigger signal of activation in an autocrine way. The expression of CD69 and CD154 molecules depend partially on the prolactine.
Topics: Adult; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; Autocrine Communication; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD40 Ligand; Cells, Cultured; Humans; Lectins, C-Type; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocyte Activation; Middle Aged; Prolactin; RNA, Messenger; Receptors, Prolactin
PubMed: 16396693
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Medica Portuguesa 2011Hyperprolactinemia is a common, but neglected, adverse effect of conventional antipschycotics and of some of the atypical antipshycotics. It occurs in almost 42% of men... (Review)
Review
Hyperprolactinemia is a common, but neglected, adverse effect of conventional antipschycotics and of some of the atypical antipshycotics. It occurs in almost 42% of men and in 75% of women with schizophrenia who are treated with prolactin-raising antipshycotics, even though it has aroused minimal interest within the scientific community when compared with extra-pyramidal effects. Conventional antipsychotics and some of the atypical antipsychotics, such as risperidone, paliperidone, amisulpride and zotepine, are frequently associated with the raise in prolactin plasma levels. Because of this increment in prolactin secretion, they are usually known as prolactin-raising antipshycotics. On the contrary, some of the atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine, quetiapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole and ziprazidone, have a minimal or no significant effect in prolactin levels, being known as prolactin-sparing antipsychotics. Hyperprolactinemia clinical symptoms include gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea, menstrual irregularities, infertility, sexual dysfunction, acne and hirsutism. Some of these symptoms are due to the prolactin direct action in body tissues, while a couple of them can be due to a hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis dysregulation mediated by the elevation of prolactin. Some studies seem to point the evidence of an association between hyperprolactinemia and long-term consequences, such as bone mineral density decrement and breast cancer. However, these results must be confirmed through further studies. Antipsychotic treatment is the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia in psychiatric patients. However, the evidence of a prolactin increased plasma level demands the differential diagnosis with other pathologies, such as hyphotalamic and pituitary neoplasic disease. The management of a patient with antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia must be adapted to each patient and it may include a reduction in the dosage of the offending antipsychotic, switching to a prolactin-sparing antipsychotic or the use of a dopamine receptor agonist, such as bromocriptine, cabergoline and amantadine. Given the osteopenic and osteoporosis risk, combined oral contraceptives must be considered in female patients in fertile age which have amenorrhoea for at least a one year period. With the exception of the Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines and the National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, none of the current international psychiatric guidelines recommend a routine baseline prolactin determination, neither periodic prolactin levels without the presence of any hyperprolactinemia symptoms.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Male; Mental Disorders; Prolactin
PubMed: 22713195
DOI: No ID Found -
Minerva Medica Jan 1985The Authors, after having examined the factors responsible for the hyperprolactinemia in the cirrhotic, confirm the lack of a relationship between the increase in the...
The Authors, after having examined the factors responsible for the hyperprolactinemia in the cirrhotic, confirm the lack of a relationship between the increase in the prolactinic reserve and gynecomastia and between the amount of the prolactinic reserve and the degree of liver disorder. While hyperestrinism and the false transmitters lost most of their pathogenetic importance, other factors such as GABA, the Serotonin and the VIP, offered a new pathogenetic prospective. The prolactin reserve was studied in 63 patients affected by cirrhosis and in 25 affected by fibrosis and hepatic fibrosteatosis, pointing out an increase in the prolactin reserve in 61% of cirrhotic patients and an absence of pathological reports in patients affected by fibrotic hepatopathies. These data confirm the low pathogenetic responsability to be strictly ascribed to ethanol and the preminent role of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in the prolactin turnover.
Topics: Fatty Liver, Alcoholic; Gynecomastia; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Male; Middle Aged; Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones; Prolactin; Serotonin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 3883240
DOI: No ID Found