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The Journal of Experimental Zoology May 1983Melanophores of wild-type and periodic albino mutants of Xenopus laevis were successfully cultured in vitro. They proliferated in the presence of...
Melanophores of wild-type and periodic albino mutants of Xenopus laevis were successfully cultured in vitro. They proliferated in the presence of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) at a doubling time of 8-10 days. These proliferating melanophores retained their phenotypes, ability to synthesize melanin, and melanin-dispersing response to MSH stimulation. Neither depigmentation nor selective cell death of periodic albino melanophores was observed for at least 4 months during the cultivation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP; Melanins; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Melanophores; Methods; Phenotype; Time Factors; Xenopus laevis
PubMed: 6306135
DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402260209 -
PloS One 2011The renal collecting duct adapts to changes in acid-base metabolism by remodelling and altering the relative number of acid or alkali secreting cells, a phenomenon...
The renal collecting duct adapts to changes in acid-base metabolism by remodelling and altering the relative number of acid or alkali secreting cells, a phenomenon termed plasticity. Acid secretory A intercalated cells (A-IC) express apical H(+)-ATPases and basolateral bicarbonate exchanger AE1 whereas bicarbonate secretory B intercalated cells (B-IC) express basolateral (and apical) H(+)-ATPases and the apical bicarbonate exchanger pendrin. Intercalated cells were thought to be terminally differentiated and unable to proliferate. However, a recent report in mouse kidney suggested that intercalated cells may proliferate and that this process is in part dependent on GDF-15. Here we extend these observations to rat kidney and provide a detailed analysis of regional differences and demonstrate that differentiated A-IC proliferate massively during adaptation to systemic acidosis. We used markers of proliferation (PCNA, Ki67, BrdU incorporation) and cell-specific markers for A-IC (AE1) and B-IC (pendrin). Induction of remodelling in rats with metabolic acidosis (with NH(4)Cl for 12 hrs, 4 and 7 days) or treatment with acetazolamide for 10 days resulted in a larger fraction of AE1 positive cells in the cortical collecting duct. A large number of AE1 expressing A-IC was labelled with proliferative markers in the cortical and outer medullary collecting duct whereas no labeling was found in B-IC. In addition, chronic acidosis also increased the rate of proliferation of principal collecting duct cells. The fact that both NH(4)Cl as well as acetazolamide stimulated proliferation suggests that systemic but not urinary pH triggers this response. Thus, during chronic acidosis proliferation of AE1 containing acid-secretory cells occurs and may contribute to the remodelling of the collecting duct or replace A-IC due to a shortened life span under these conditions.
Topics: Acidosis; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Male; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 22039408
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025240 -
Journal of Morphology Sep 2018Although the contractile function of the heart is universally conserved, the organ itself varies in structure across species. This variation includes the number of...
Although the contractile function of the heart is universally conserved, the organ itself varies in structure across species. This variation includes the number of ventricular chambers (one, two, or an incompletely divided chamber), the structure of the myocardial wall (compact or trabeculated), and the proliferative capacity of the resident cardiomyocytes. Whereas zebrafish are capable of comparatively high rates of constitutive cardiomyocyte proliferation, humans and rodents are not. However, for most species, the capacity to generate new cardiomyocytes under homeostatic conditions remains unclear. Here, we investigate cardiomyocyte proliferation in the lizard Eublepharis macularius, the leopard gecko. As for other lizards, the leopard gecko heart has a partially septated ventricular lumen with a trabeculated myocardial wall. To test our hypothesis that leopard gecko cardiomyocytes routinely proliferate, we performed 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation and immunostained for the mitotic marker phosphorylated histone H3 (pHH3) and the DNA synthesis phase (S phase) marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Using double immunofluorescence, we co-localized pHH3 or PCNA with the cardiomyocyte marker myosin heavy chain (MHC). We found that ~0.5% of cardiomyocytes were mitotically active (pHH3+/MHC+), while ~10% were in S phase (PCNA+/MHC+). We also determined that cell cycling by gecko cardiomyocytes is not impacted by caudal autotomy (tail loss), a dramatic form of self-amputation. Finally, we show that populations of cardiac cells are slow cycling. Overall, our findings provide predictive evidence that geckos may be capable of spontaneous cardiac self-repair and regeneration following a direct injury.
Topics: Animals; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; DNA; Heart Ventricles; Lizards; Myocytes, Cardiac; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Regeneration
PubMed: 30221788
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20850 -
American Journal of Transplantation :... Sep 2011It is still disputed in which anatomical compartments of allograft recipients T-cells proliferate. After experimental renal transplantation, host monocytes and...
It is still disputed in which anatomical compartments of allograft recipients T-cells proliferate. After experimental renal transplantation, host monocytes and lymphocytes accumulate in the lumina of graft blood vessels. In this study, we test the hypothesis that T lymphocytes proliferate in the vascular bed of the graft. Kidneys were transplanted in the Dark Agouti to Lewis rat strain combination, an established experimental model for acute rejection. Isogeneic transplantation was performed as a control. Cells in the S-phase of mitosis were detected in situ three days posttransplantation by pulse-labeling with BrdU and by immunohistochemical detection of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). More than 20% of all T-cells in the lumina of allograft blood vessels incorporated BrdU and approximately 30% of them expressed PCNA. In the blood vessels of isografts as well as in other organs of allograft recipients, only few BrdU(+) cells were detected. A majority of the BrdU(+) cells in graft blood vessels expressed CD8. In conclusion, we demonstrate that CD8(+) T lymphocytes proliferate in the lumina of the blood vessels of renal allografts during the onset of acute rejection.
Topics: Animals; Blood Vessels; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Proliferation; Flow Cytometry; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; S Phase
PubMed: 21827615
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03642.x -
Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering... Apr 2023To investigate the image computer analysis of abnormally proliferating transformed cells of gastric mucosa and its clinical significance. The pathological pictures of...
To investigate the image computer analysis of abnormally proliferating transformed cells of gastric mucosa and its clinical significance. The pathological pictures of gastric adenomatous polyp cells, abnormally proliferating altered cells, and tubular adenocarcinoma cells in the stomach mucosa were assessed by image computer method on a total of 96 gastroscopic biopsy and ESD resection specimens. The data of cytoplasmic area, nuclear area, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear factor and N-heterotypic index of gastric adenomatous polyps, abnormal proliferative transformation and gastric intramucosal tubular adenocarcinoma were collected, and the mean, standard deviation and variance were calculated respectively. Standard Error, Maximum, Minimum Parameters and Statistical Structure. There were substantial discrepancies between gastric mucosal gastric adenomatous polyp cells and gastric mucosal abnormally proliferating transformed cells, according to the five data in the abnormal cells in the stomach mucosal proliferation area ( < 0.01); There was no significant difference between cells ( > 0.05). Computer analysis of cell images can provide quantitative values for the pathological diagnosis of gastric adenomatous polyp cells, abnormally proliferating transformed cells and tubular adenocarcinoma cells in the gastric mucosa, especially the degree of atypical proliferation. The monitoring of abnormally proliferated and transformed cells in gastric mucosa is of great significance for clinicians to accurately treat and track cell transformation, and to control the occurrence and development of gastric adenocarcinoma.
PubMed: 37067362
DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2197382 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie 1994The pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy remains poorly understood and a large variety of hypotheses have been developed in an attempt to investigate cellular... (Review)
Review
The pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy remains poorly understood and a large variety of hypotheses have been developed in an attempt to investigate cellular proliferations that follow rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Several growth promoting factors have been identified within the vitreous body and proliferative membranes from patients with PVR. Their enzymatic, chemotactic, mitogenic or proinflammatory properties make them good candidates, either alone or more probably in a synergistic manner. They may be involved at different levels in the successive stages of PVR, cell migration, proliferation or vitreoretinal contraction. Numerous ocular and even extra-ocular structures may be involved as retina, pigment epithelium, ciliary body and serum, contain large amounts of these growth factors. Immune mediated inflammatory reactions have also been described and vitreoretinal strands exert additional mechanical effects. Current pathogenetic hypotheses suggest that PVR results from a wound healing process induced by retinal breaks and detachment of the neuroepithelium, when is reached a threshold of biological stimulation. Cell proliferation is unfortunately often overstimulated and the proliferating cells invade the vitreous cavity. If surgery is not capable of efficiently blocking the proliferation, it will be autostimulated and lead to a complete vitreoretinal retraction.
Topics: Animals; Growth Substances; Humans; Immune System; Time Factors; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative; Vitreous Body; Wound Healing
PubMed: 7722243
DOI: No ID Found -
FASEB Journal : Official Publication of... May 2022Hemocytes are invertebrate immune cells that are similar to blood cells in vertebrates and play a crucial role in innate immunity. Previous work has found that mature...
Hemocytes are invertebrate immune cells that are similar to blood cells in vertebrates and play a crucial role in innate immunity. Previous work has found that mature circulating hemocytes lack the ability to proliferate. However, recent single-cell RNA sequencing and functional studies in invertebrate have challenged this view. Here, we report that bacteria induced hemocytes proliferation in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Flow cytometry was used to collect non-proliferating and proliferating hemocytes populations, while the expression of EsCyclin E was highly expressed in proliferating hemocytes, but the expression of EsCsn5 was significantly suppressed in proliferating hemocytes. Subsequent studies have found EsCsn5 distributed in two fractions include holo-complex and monomeric form, whereas knockdown of EsCsn5 has little impact on the amount of the holo-complex. EsCsn5 was widely expressed in different crab tissues, while its expression was significantly reduced upon bacterial infection. Crab hemocytes showed significantly enhanced proliferation when EsCsn5 was genetically knocked down, suggesting a critical role for CSN5 in the negative regulation of crab hemocyte proliferation. Moreover, EsCSN5 but not the EsCSN8 was demonstrated to negatively regulate the early G1 phase of the cell cycle by controlling the degradation of EsCyclin E through ubiquitination steps, rather than affecting its transcription. Furthermore, in the EsCyclin E-suppressed crab there was a significantly reduced survival rate and an up-regulated hemolymph bacterial concentration. Taken together, this study provides evidence demonstrating that invertebrate hemocytes down-regulate the expression of EsCsn5 upon bacterial challenge, thus promoting proliferation in an EsCyclin E-dependent manner in order to protect the crab from infection.
Topics: Animals; Arthropod Proteins; Bacterial Infections; Cell Proliferation; Cyclin E; G1 Phase; Hemocytes; Immunity, Innate; Phylogeny
PubMed: 35429011
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101710RRRR -
Acta Histochemica 2005Cryptorchidism is a frequent male sexual disorder in mammals, which affects the histology of the tunica propria, interstitial tissue, blood vessels, seminiferous...
Cryptorchidism is a frequent male sexual disorder in mammals, which affects the histology of the tunica propria, interstitial tissue, blood vessels, seminiferous epithelium and testis functioning. In this paper, proliferation and apoptosis were examined in the seminiferous epithelium of both testes from unaffected boars and from boars suffering unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism. In germ cells, proliferation was studied using the immunohistochemical PCNA technique, and apoptosis was analysed by in situ TUNEL labelling. An index was obtained for the proliferation and apoptosis observed in seminiferous tubules. In abdominal testes the epithelium contained few spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. In the testes of unaffected boars, numerous spermatogonia proliferated, whereas in cryptorchid testes such proliferation was lower and the proliferation/apoptosis ratio diminished. In the unaffected group, the TUNEL-positive germ cells were spermatogonia and spermatocytes in different phases of meiosis. In abdominal testes, the TUNEL-positive germ cells were spermatogonia alone. The apoptosis index of both abdominal and scrotal testes was similar. In conclusion, spontaneous cryptorchid testes showed a lower rate of spermatogonia proliferation in the seminiferous epithelium.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Cryptorchidism; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Male; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Seminiferous Epithelium; Sertoli Cells; Sexual Maturation; Spermatocytes; Spermatogenesis; Spermatogonia; Sus scrofa; Testis
PubMed: 16185749
DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2005.07.002 -
PloS One 2014After coil embolization, recanalization in cerebral aneurysms adversely influences long-term prognosis. Proliferation of endothelial cells on the coil surface may reduce...
After coil embolization, recanalization in cerebral aneurysms adversely influences long-term prognosis. Proliferation of endothelial cells on the coil surface may reduce the incidence of recanalization and further improve outcomes after coil embolization. We aimed to map the expression of proliferating tissue over the aneurysmal orifice and define the temporal profile of tissue growth in a swine experimental aneurysm model. We compared the outcomes after spontaneous thrombosis with those of coil embolization using histological and morphological techniques. In aneurysms that we not coiled, spontaneous thrombosis was observed, and weak, easily detachable proliferating tissue was evident in the aneurysmal neck. In contrast, in the coil embolization group, histological analysis showed endothelial-like cells lining the aneurysmal opening. Moreover, immunohistochemical and morphological analysis suggested that these cells were immature endothelial cells. Our results indicated the existence of endothelial cell proliferation 1 week after coil embolization and showed immature endothelial cells in septal tissue between the systemic circulation and the aneurysm. These findings suggest that endothelial cells are lead to and proliferate in the former aneurysmal orifice. This is the first examination to evaluate the temporal change of proliferating tissue in a swine experimental aneurysm model.
Topics: Angiography; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Embolization, Therapeutic; Endothelial Cells; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Intracranial Aneurysm; Male; Sus scrofa
PubMed: 24551215
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089047 -
International Immunology Apr 1994This study establishes that natural killer (NK) cells cytolytic for B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL) expressing NK-defined alloantigens can be stimulated to...
This study establishes that natural killer (NK) cells cytolytic for B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL) expressing NK-defined alloantigens can be stimulated to proliferate in culture independently of allogeneic stimulation. NK cells proliferate following co-culture with a gamma-irradiated malignant melanoma cell line (MM-170) and IL-2-conditioned medium. The cultured NK cells from some donors showed a high level of cytotoxicity against NK-1+ B-LCL and this corresponded with a high precursor frequency (46-64%) determined from limiting dilution analysis. Alloreactive NK cells proliferated in cultures containing autologous activated T cells, demonstrating that alloantigens were not essential to stimulate proliferation. B-LCL expressing NK-1 or NK-2 or neither of these alloantigens stimulated proliferation of NK cells cytolytic for NK-1+ B-LCL. Studies using metabolically inactivated B-LCL confirmed that stimulation was not alloantigen dependent. The results demonstrate that recognition of alloantigens by NK cells, sufficient to trigger their lytic program, is not required and indeed is not sufficient to confer a stimulatory signal for proliferation of alloreactive NK cells.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Humans; Isoantigens; Killer Cells, Natural; Lymphocyte Activation; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 8018592
DOI: 10.1093/intimm/6.4.507