-
Blood May 1984To study the influence of a biologic environment on cultured human leukemia cells, KG-1, KG-1a, and HL-60 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into newborn nude mice....
To study the influence of a biologic environment on cultured human leukemia cells, KG-1, KG-1a, and HL-60 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into newborn nude mice. The cells developed myelosarcomas at the site of inoculation and in lungs and kidneys. KG-1 and HL-60 myelosarcomas were successfully passaged through adult nude mice, whereas KG-1a tumors proliferated only after transplantation into newborn hosts. The human nature of the cells forming myelosarcomas in mice was assessed by chromosomal analyses and detection of cross-reactivity with an antibody to the human leukemia cell line K562. We undertook electron microscopic and cytochemical examinations of the cells proliferating in vitro and in the mice. The granules of KG-1 cells in vivo did not react for acid phosphatase, as observed in vitro, and the HL-60 cells proliferating in mice lost the perinuclear myeloperoxidase (MPO) demonstrated in cultured cells. Although the influence of an in vivo selection of cell subpopulations cannot be ruled out, the enzymatic changes are compatible with induced cell differentiation. Conclusive evidence of differentiation in vivo was observed in the KG-1a cell subline. The undifferentiated KG-1a blasts developed cytoplasmic granules and synthesized MPO during proliferation in vivo. These observations indicate that human leukemia cells from established cell lines proliferate in nude mice and may acquire new differentiated properties in response to the in vivo environment.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cytoplasmic Granules; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Transplantation; Peroxidase
PubMed: 6324924
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Zhejiang University.... Mar 2014In this study, the effects of cardiac fibroblast proliferation on cardiac electric excitation conduction and mechanical contraction were investigated using a proposed...
In this study, the effects of cardiac fibroblast proliferation on cardiac electric excitation conduction and mechanical contraction were investigated using a proposed integrated myocardial-fibroblastic electromechanical model. At the cellular level, models of the human ventricular myocyte and fibroblast were modified to incorporate a model of cardiac mechanical contraction and cooperativity mechanisms. Cellular electromechanical coupling was realized with a calcium buffer. At the tissue level, electrical excitation conduction was coupled to an elastic mechanics model in which the finite difference method (FDM) was used to solve electrical excitation equations, and the finite element method (FEM) was used to solve mechanics equations. The electromechanical properties of the proposed integrated model were investigated in one or two dimensions under normal and ischemic pathological conditions. Fibroblast proliferation slowed wave propagation, induced a conduction block, decreased strains in the fibroblast proliferous tissue, and increased dispersions in depolarization, repolarization, and action potential duration (APD). It also distorted the wave-front, leading to the initiation and maintenance of re-entry, and resulted in a sustained contraction in the proliferous areas. This study demonstrated the important role that fibroblast proliferation plays in modulating cardiac electromechanical behaviour and which should be considered in planning future heart-modeling studies.
Topics: Action Potentials; Computer Simulation; Fibroblasts; Finite Element Analysis; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Models, Cardiovascular; Myocardial Contraction; Myocytes, Cardiac
PubMed: 24599687
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1300156 -
Dermatologic Clinics Oct 2012This article provides an update on histopathologic studies of different types of melanocytic lesions, such as site-specific nevi, "Spark's" nevi, nevi during pregnancy,... (Review)
Review
This article provides an update on histopathologic studies of different types of melanocytic lesions, such as site-specific nevi, "Spark's" nevi, nevi during pregnancy, and atypical dermal melanocytic proliferation, including pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma, proliferating nodules, and atypical Spitzoid tumor. Special-site nevi, such as those appearing on the breast and genital region, generally have more cytologic and architectural atypia. Melanocytic proliferations generally do not change during pregnancy, contrary to earlier observations. Atypical dermal melanocytic proliferations are difficult to diagnose and usually have a better outcome after adequate treatment, including wide local skin excision with or without sentinel lymph node resection.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome; Extremities; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Melanocytes; Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell; Nevus, Pigmented; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Skin Neoplasms; Torso; Vulvar Neoplasms
PubMed: 23021049
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2012.06.014 -
Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology Aug 1998Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which leads to destruction of myelin sheaths. The patterns of cell proliferation...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which leads to destruction of myelin sheaths. The patterns of cell proliferation in the early course of the disease are largely unknown. The present study used immunohistochemical identification of proliferating glial cells in stereotactic brain biopsy material of eight patients with early chronic MS. Double-labelling with the proliferation marker MIB-1 detected proliferating oligodendrocytes (MOG), astrocytes (GFAP) and microglia/macrophages (Ki-M1P). The majority of proliferating cells were macrophages/microglia when compared with oligodendrocytes (P > 0.005) or astrocytes (P > 0.0005); only a minor proportion of microglia/macrophages, however, proliferated in situ. Astrocytic and oligodendroglial proliferation was sparse to absent and showed significant variations between different patients. There were statistically significant differences when comparing the amount of proliferation between lesions of different demyelinating activity: highest numbers of proliferating cells were found in early active lesions compared with demyelinated and early remyelinated lesions (P > 0.05) or the periplaque white matter (P > 0.01). MOG-positive oligodendrocytes proliferated occasionally in the early stages of lesion formation; this proliferation occurred in four cases but was independent of the stage of the disease. Since MOG is expressed by mature oligodendrocytes, and not by immature precursors, this might suggest a potential role for the proliferation of mature surviving oligodendrocytes with subsequent remyelination.
Topics: Adult; Astrocytes; Biopsy; Cell Division; Demyelinating Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Microglia; Multiple Sclerosis; Myelin Sheath; Neuroglia; Oligodendroglia
PubMed: 9775398
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2990.1998.00131.x -
Developmental Dynamics : An Official... Aug 2001Cell proliferation and cell movement during early regeneration of zebrafish caudal fins were examined by injecting BrdU and Di-I, respectively. In normal fins of adult...
Cell proliferation and cell movement during early regeneration of zebrafish caudal fins were examined by injecting BrdU and Di-I, respectively. In normal fins of adult fish, a small number of proliferating cells are observed in the epidermis only. Shortly following amputation, epithelial cells covered the wound to form the epidermal cap but did not proliferate. However, by 24 hr, epithelial cells proximal to the level of amputation were strongly labeled with BrdU. Label incorporation was also detected in a few mesenchymal cells. Proliferating cells in the basal epithelial layer were first observed at 48 hr at the level of the newly formed lepidotrichia. At 72 hr, proliferating mesenchymal cells were found distal to the plane of amputation whereas more proximal labeled cells included mainly those located between the lepidotrichia and the basal membrane. When BrdU-injected fins were allowed to regenerate for longer periods, labeled cells were observed in the apical epidermal cap, a location where cells are not thought to proliferate. This result is suggestive of cell migration. Epithelial cells, peripheral to the rays or in the tissue between adjacent rays, were labeled with Di-I and were shown to quickly migrate towards the site of amputation, the cells closer to the wound migrating faster. Amputation also triggered migration of cells of the connective tissue located between the hemirays. Although cell movement was induced up to seven segments proximal from the level of amputation, cells located within two segments from the wound provided the main contribution to the blastema. Thus, cell proliferation and migration contribute to the early regeneration of zebrafish fins.
Topics: Animals; Bromodeoxyuridine; Carbocyanines; Cell Division; Cell Movement; Epidermis; Extremities; Fluorescent Dyes; Regeneration; Time Factors; Zebrafish
PubMed: 11500975
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.1152 -
Expert Review of Hematology Dec 2013Skin is an organ of the immune and lymphoid systems. Lymphoid tissue analogous to gut mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue proliferates in the skin in response to antigenic... (Review)
Review
Skin is an organ of the immune and lymphoid systems. Lymphoid tissue analogous to gut mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue proliferates in the skin in response to antigenic stimulation. This putative skin-associated tissue is called skin-associated lymphoid tissues (SALT). In the opinion of this author, cutaneous pseudolymphomas represent inflammatory, reactive proliferations of SALT following antigenic stimulation of the cutaneous immune cells. Cutaneous pseudolymphomas commonly involve the exposed areas such as head and neck region and upper extremities. They appear as localized nodules, plaques or noduloplaques. They include B- and T-cell pseudolymphomas. Their histologic patterns include nodular, diffuse, band-like and folliculitis-like morphology. Most pseudolymphomas are idiopathic, but some are secondary to known etiologies (drug intake, arthropod assaults, infectious agents and traumas). Cutaneous pseudolymphomas are usually polyclonal proliferations that regress spontaneously or after treating the underlying etiology. Rare cases harbor clonal lymphoid populations and can progress to low-grade lymphomas. Herein, the author reviews the etiology, clinicopathologic features and diagnosis of the cutaneous pseudolymphomas.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemic Infiltration; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, Follicular; Mycosis Fungoides; Pseudolymphoma; Skin Diseases; Tattooing
PubMed: 24191857
DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2013.845000 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Apr 2008To investigate whether human hepatocytes could proliferate after transplantation to normal immunocompetent rats treated with 2-acetaminofluorene or retrorsine and...
AIM
To investigate whether human hepatocytes could proliferate after transplantation to normal immunocompetent rats treated with 2-acetaminofluorene or retrorsine and partial hepatectomy.
METHODS
L02 hepatocyte-tolerant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with retrorsine, 2-acetaminofluorene or normal saline. L02 hepatocytes were then transplanted via the spleen. Human albumin and its mRNA, specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), L02 hepatocyte dynamic distribution, number density and area density of PCNA-positive cells in the liver were determined.
RESULTS
All the examined indicators were not significantly different between the rats treated with 2-acetaminofluorene and normal saline, which was not the case with rats treated with retrorsine. A dynamic distribution of L02 hepatocytes in the rat liver was detected from wk 1 to mo 6 after transplantation in the retrorsine group and from wk 1 to 10 in the 2-acetaminofluorene group. Human albumin and its mRNA were detected from wk 2 to mo 6 in the retrorsine group and from wk 1 to 8 in the 2-acetaminofluorene group. Specific human PCNA was detected in the rat liver from wk 2 to mo 6 in the retrorsine group and from wk 2 to 6 in the 2-acetaminofluorene group. Human albumin and its mRNA contents as well as the number of PCNA positive cells reached a peak at wk 4.
CONCLUSION
L02 human hepatocytes could not proliferate significiantly after transplantation to the normal, immunocompetent rats treated with 2-acetaminofluorene. L02 human hepatocytes can survive for 10 wk after transplantation and express human albumin for 8 wk. L02 human hepatocytes can proliferate and express human albumin for 6 mo after transplantation to the rats treated with retrorsine. The chimeric L02 human hepatocytes, which then underwent transplantation into tolerant rats, were normal in morphogenesis, biochemistry and function.
Topics: 2-Acetylaminofluorene; Animals; Carbocyanines; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Female; Fluorescent Dyes; Gestational Age; Hepatectomy; Hepatocytes; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Immune Tolerance; Immunocompetence; Liver; Liver Regeneration; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Models, Animal; Pregnancy; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Serum Albumin; Time Factors; Transplantation Chimera
PubMed: 18416458
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.2329 -
Journal of Biomaterials Science.... 2012The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of medium stirring conditions on the proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in collagen sponges...
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of medium stirring conditions on the proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in collagen sponges reinforced by the incorporation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers. A collagen solution with PET fibers homogeneously dispersed was freeze-dried, followed by dehydrothermal cross-linking to obtain a collagen sponge incorporating PET fibers. MSC were proliferated in the sponge by a stirring culture method. The PET fibers reinforcement significantly suppressed the sponge deformation in culture. The MSC proliferation was enhanced by the stirring culture to a significantly higher extent than that of a static one. Homogeneous distribution of cells proliferated was observed at the stirring rate of 50 rpm and compared with that at lower and higher rates. Combination of the PET fiber-reinforced sponge with the stirring culture method is a promising way to allow cells to homogeneously proliferate in the sponge.
Topics: Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Collagen; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Motion; Polyethylene Terephthalates; Rats, Wistar; Swine; Time Factors; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 21943688
DOI: 10.1163/156856211X598184 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Jun 2002Previous studies of zebrafish fin regeneration led to the notion that the regeneration blastema is a homogeneous population of proliferating cells. Here, we show that...
Previous studies of zebrafish fin regeneration led to the notion that the regeneration blastema is a homogeneous population of proliferating cells. Here, we show that the blastema consists of two components with markedly distinct proliferation properties. During early blastema formation, proliferating cells are evenly distributed. At the onset of regenerative outgrowth, however, blastemal cells are partitioned into two domains. Proximal blastemal cells proliferate at a high rate, shifting from a median G(2) of more than 6 hours to approximately 1 hour. By contrast, the most distal blastemal cells do not proliferate. There is a gradient of proliferation between these extremes. Using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and anti-phosphohistone H3 labeling, we find a 50-fold difference in proliferation across the gradient that extends approximately 50 microm, or ten cell diameters. We show that during early regeneration, proliferating blastemal cells express msxb, a homeodomain transcriptional repressor. While msxb is widely expressed among proliferating cells during blastema formation, its expression becomes restricted to a small number of non-proliferating, distal blastemal cells during regenerative outgrowth. Bromodeoxyuridine pulse-chase experiments show that distal and proximal blastemal cells are formed from proliferating, msxb-positive blastemal cells, not from preexisting slow-cycling cells. These data support the idea that blastema formation results from dedifferentiation of intraray mesenchymal cells. Based on these findings, we propose a new model of zebrafish fin regeneration in which the function of non-proliferating, msxb-expressing, distal blastemal cells is to specify the boundary of proliferation and provide direction for regenerative outgrowth.
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Extremities; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Homeodomain Proteins; Immunohistochemistry; Morphogenesis; Regeneration; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins
PubMed: 12015289
DOI: 10.1242/dev.129.11.2607 -
Experimental Eye Research Nov 1999Wholemounts of human fetal retinas were labeled with antibodies to Ki67 or proliferating cell nuclear antigen, to map the distribution of proliferating cells in the...
Wholemounts of human fetal retinas were labeled with antibodies to Ki67 or proliferating cell nuclear antigen, to map the distribution of proliferating cells in the developing primary vasculature and neural retina. Double labeling was used to determine the relative proportions of endothelial cells (CD34), astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein - GFAP) and microglia (major histocompatability complex class II) associated with the developing vessels. The differentiated region of neural retina (cold spot) was 3.5 mm(2)at 15 weeks gestation (WG), centred on the incipient fovea, and increased in size with age to 80.5 mm(2)by 23-24 WG. Ki67 immunoreactive cells were distributed throughout the developing vasculature at all ages. The mean density of dividing cells in the neural retina increased with gestational age from 146 mm(-2)at 15 WG, to 624 mm(-2)at 23-24 WG. By 20 WG proliferation in the vasculature overlapped the margins of the cold spot, which was almost completely vascularized by 23-24 WG, except for a narrow strip on the horizontal meridian, which included the incipient fovea. Counts of CD34/Ki67 immunoreactive cells indicated that 15-52% of proliferations in the developing vasculature at 18 WG are endothelial cells. In contrast, in the fellow retina 65-85% cells were Ki67/GFAP immunoreactive, indicating proliferation of astrocytes in situ. No dividing microglia were observed. The findings suggest that large numbers of proliferating astrocytes accompany the developing vessels as they migrate across the primate retina.
Topics: Antigens, CD34; Astrocytes; Cell Division; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Endothelium, Vascular; Gestational Age; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Ki-67 Antigen; Microscopy, Confocal; Retina; Retinal Vessels
PubMed: 10548471
DOI: 10.1006/exer.1999.0730