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The American Journal of Anatomy Sep 1964
Topics: Ambystoma; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Electrons; Embryology; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; Larva; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron; Pronephros; Research; Urodela
PubMed: 14210295
DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001150205 -
ELife Nov 2018Nephron segmentation involves a concert of genetic and molecular signals that are not fully understood. Through a chemical screen, we discovered that alteration of...
Nephron segmentation involves a concert of genetic and molecular signals that are not fully understood. Through a chemical screen, we discovered that alteration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling disrupts nephron segmentation in the zebrafish embryonic kidney (Poureetezadi et al., 2016). Here, we show that the PPAR co-activator directs renal progenitor fate. mutants form a small distal late (DL) segment and an expanded proximal straight tubule (PST) segment. promotes DL fate by regulating the transcription factor and restricts expression of the transcription factor to inhibit PST fate. Interestingly, restricts expression to promote the PST, and PST development is fully restored in -deficient embryos, suggesting Ppargc1a and Sim1a counterbalance each other in an antagonistic fashion to delineate the PST segment boundary during nephrogenesis. Taken together, our data reveal new roles for Ppargc1a during development, which have implications for understanding renal birth defects.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bezafibrate; Body Patterning; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Genetic Testing; Morpholinos; Nephrons; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Phenotype; Pronephros; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Small Molecule Libraries; Transcription Factors; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins
PubMed: 30475208
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.40266 -
Journal of Morphology Mar 1961
Topics: Animals; Anura; Chromosomes; Haploidy; Kidney; Larva; Pronephros
PubMed: 13739089
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051080206 -
Developmental Biology Jan 2021Ciliopathies affect a variety of tissues during development including the heart, kidneys, respiratory tract, and retina. Though an increasing number of monogenic causes...
Ciliopathies affect a variety of tissues during development including the heart, kidneys, respiratory tract, and retina. Though an increasing number of monogenic causes of ciliopathies have been described, many remain unexplained. Recently, recessive variants in NUP93 and NUP205 encoding two proteins of the inner ring of the nuclear pore complex were implicated as causes of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. In addition, we previously found that the inner ring nucleoporins NUP93 and NUP188 function in proper left-right patterning in developing embryos via a role at the cilium. Here, we describe the role of an additional inner ring nucleoporin NUP205 in cilia biology and establishment of normal organ situs. Using knockdown in Xenopus, we show that Nup205 depletion results in loss of cilia and abnormal cardiac morphology. Furthermore, by transmission electron microscopy, we observe a loss of cilia and mispositioning of intracellular ciliary structures such as basal bodies and rootlets upon depleting inner ring nucleoporins. We describe a model wherein NUP93 interacting with either NUP188 or NUP205 is necessary for cilia. We thus provide evidence that dysregulation of inner ring nucleoporin genes that have been identified in patients may contribute to pathogenesis through cilia dysfunction.
Topics: Animals; Body Patterning; Cilia; Epidermis; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; Pronephros; Xenopus; Xenopus Proteins
PubMed: 33065118
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.10.001 -
Developmental and Comparative Immunology Feb 2021Interleukin (IL) -2, a member of the four α-helical cytokine family, has broad regulatory roles in mediating vertebrate immune response. In mammals, IL-2 and IL-15...
Interleukin (IL) -2, a member of the four α-helical cytokine family, has broad regulatory roles in mediating vertebrate immune response. In mammals, IL-2 and IL-15 share a common evolutionary origin and possess overlapping but distinct functions. IL-2 and IL-15 bind to distinct private receptors for signaling. However, fish appear to possess a single IL-15Rα like gene whilst lack additional gene(s) coding for IL-2Rα. Whether the IL-2 and IL-15 interact with the same receptor in fish and how their functions and receptors have evolved are not fully understood. In this study, homologues of IL-2 and IL-2/15Rα were sequenced from a teleost species, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and the crystal structure of IL-2 was determined. The grass carp IL-2 (termed CiIL-2) displayed a classical cytokine structure consisting of four helical bundles which shares significant similarity with human IL-15. The key amino acids involved in the interface interaction of IL-2/15 and their receptors are well conserved. The CiIL-2 has been shown to bind the IL-2/15Rα like homologue with an affinity of 2.45 nM, supporting the notion that fish IL-2 and IL-15 may share a single common private receptor for exerting functions. Syntenic analysis suggests that the IL-2Rα of tetrapods has evolved from an IL-15Rα like homologue, in which a second sushi domain (D2) in the extracellular region has been duplicated to facilitate the specific interaction with IL-2. The CiIL-2 was predominantly expressed in lymphocyte-rich tissues such as the spleen, kidney and thymus, and could be induced by PHA and IL-21. In vivo challenge with grass carp reovirus and Flavobacterium columnare also resulted in upregulation of CiIL-2 expression. The recombinant CiIL-2 was shown to activate expression of STAT5b, IL-1β, IL-22 and IFN-γ, and to promote the proliferation of the primary cell cultures from head kidney leucocytes. Our results shed lights into the co-evolution of IL-2 and its private receptor, and the functional divergence of IL-2 and IL-15 during evolution.
Topics: Animals; Carps; Cells, Cultured; Fish Diseases; Fish Proteins; Flavobacterium; Head Kidney; Interleukin-15; Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha Subunit; Interleukin-2; Leukocytes; Primary Cell Culture
PubMed: 33065202
DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103895 -
Molecular Immunology Sep 2021Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent first line of host defence against microbes. Amongst different TLRs, TLR22 is exclusively expressed in non-mammalian vertebrates,...
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent first line of host defence against microbes. Amongst different TLRs, TLR22 is exclusively expressed in non-mammalian vertebrates, including fish. The precise role of TLR22 in fish-immunity remains abstruse. Herein, we used headkidney macrophages (HKM) from Clarias gariepinus and deciphered its role in fish-immunity. Highest tlr22 expression was observed in the immunocompetent organ - headkidney; nonetheless expression in other tissues suggests its possible involvement in non-immune sites also. Aeromonas hydrophila infection up-regulates tlr22 expression in HKM. Our RNAi based study suggested TLR22 restricts intracellular survival of A. hydrophila. Inhibitor and RNAi studies further implicated TLR22 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. We observed heightened caspase-1 activity and our results suggest the role of TLR22 in activating TNF-α/caspase-1/IL-1β cascade leading to caspase-3 mediated apoptosis of A. hydrophila-infected HKM. We conclude, TLR22 plays critical role in immune-surveillance and triggers pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to caspase mediated HKM apoptosis and pathogen clearance.
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Animals; Apoptosis; Caspases; Catfishes; Fish Diseases; Fish Proteins; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Head Kidney; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Macrophages; Toll-Like Receptors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 34242920
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.025 -
Molecular Immunology Jul 2018Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like (BATF) -3 is a member of the activator protein 1 (AP‑1) family of transcription factors and is known to play a vital...
Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like (BATF) -3 is a member of the activator protein 1 (AP‑1) family of transcription factors and is known to play a vital role in regulating differentiation of antigen-presenting cells in mammals. In this study, two BATF3 homologues (termed BATF3a and BATF3b) have been identified in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Both genes were constitutively expressed in tissues, with particularly high levels of BATF3a in spleen, liver, pyloric caecae and head kidney. BATF3a was also more highly induced by PAMPs and cytokines in cultured cells, with type II IFN a particularly potent inducer. In rIL-4/13 pre-stimulated cells, the viral PAMPS polyI:C and R848 had the most pronounced effect on BATF3 expression. BATF3 expression could also be modulated in vivo, following infection with Yersinia ruckeri, a bacterial pathogen causing redmouth disease in salmonids, or with the rhabdovirus IHNV. The results suggest that BATF3 may be functionally conserved in regulating the differentiation and activation of immune cells in lower vertebrates and could be explored as a potential marker for comparative investigation of leucocyte lineage commitment across the vertebrate phyla.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Fish Diseases; Fish Proteins; Head Kidney; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Phylogeny; Rhabdoviridae; Sequence Alignment; Yersinia Infections; Yersinia ruckeri
PubMed: 29747051
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.04.016 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Aug 2023CD27 is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily and plays various roles in immunities. However, the detailed information and mechanism of CD27 in bony fish immunity...
CD27 is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily and plays various roles in immunities. However, the detailed information and mechanism of CD27 in bony fish immunity remain unclear. Therefore, in this research, certain interesting roles of CD27 in Nile tilapia (On-CD27) were determined. On-CD27 was largely expressed in the immune organs, head kidney, and spleen, and was sharply induced during bacterial infection. The in vitro tests suggested On-CD27 was involved in regulating inflammatory responses, activating immune-related signal pathways, and inducing apoptosis and pyroptosis progress. The scRNA data and in vivo experiments indicated that On-CD27 is mainly expressed in CD4 T cells and involved in both innate and adaptive immunities. The present data provide a theoretical principle for further research on the mechanisms of CD27 in the innate and adaptive immunities of fish.
Topics: Animals; Cichlids; Fish Proteins; Spleen; Streptococcal Infections; Head Kidney; Fish Diseases; Streptococcus agalactiae; Immunity, Innate; Gene Expression Regulation
PubMed: 37394017
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108923 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022The yellow catfish () is a freshwater fish with high economic value in eastern China. Nevertheless, pathogens causing bacterial diseases in have brought about huge...
The yellow catfish () is a freshwater fish with high economic value in eastern China. Nevertheless, pathogens causing bacterial diseases in have brought about huge economic loss and high mortality in artificial aquaculture. For disease control, it is critical to further understand the immune system of yellow catfish and immune-related genes with which they respond to pathogenic infections. In this study, high-throughput sequencing methods were used to analyze the transcriptomic spectrum of the head kidney from challenged by . A total of 45,544 unique transcript fragments (unigenes) were acquired after assembly and annotation, with an average length of 1,373 bp. Additionally, 674 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after stimulation with , 353 and 321 genes were identified as remarkably up- or downregulated, respectively. To further study the immune-related DEGs, we performed KEGG enrichment and GO enrichment. The results showed gene regulation of response to stimulus, immune response, immune system progress, response to external stimuli and cellular response to stimuli. Analysis of KEGG enrichment is important to identify chief immune related pathways. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) results indicated 10 immune response genes that were found to be upregulated compared to a control group after 6 h of challenging. In summary, the results of our study are helpful to determine the defense mechanisms and immune system responses of yellow catfish in reaction to bacterial challenges.
Topics: Animals; Head Kidney; Fish Proteins; Gene Expression Profiling; Transcriptome; Catfishes
PubMed: 36703962
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039956 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Apr 2022Cantharidin is a toxic vesicant terpene used in folk and traditional medicine due to its various therapeutic effects. Since there are no previous data on the effect of...
Cantharidin is a toxic vesicant terpene used in folk and traditional medicine due to its various therapeutic effects. Since there are no previous data on the effect of cantharidin in fish, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro related-inflammatory effects of cantharidin in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) head-kidney leucocytes (HKLs). In the first experiment, the HKLs were incubated with 0, 5 and 10 μg mL of cantharidin for 24 h to delimit its possible toxic effects. In a second experiment, leucocytes were incubated with ranging concentrations from 0 to 10 μg mL for 3, 6, or 12 h. Cell viability was higher in acidophilic granulocytes than in monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes. Cantharidin caused apoptosis as was evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, cantharidin produced a time- and dose-dependent decrease of respiratory burst and phagocytic activities in HKLs, while their peroxidase activity was increased at 24 h of incubation with 5 and 10 μg mL of cantharidin. Different changes in the gene expression were observed after incubation with cantharidin. While the gene expression of tnfa, il1b and crel was up-regulated in HKLs, the nfkb1 and igmh genes were down-regulated in comparison to the expression found in control HKLs. Present results offer a first view of the possible effects and action mechanisms of cantharidin in HKLs, as well as its implication in the inflammatory process, which could be of interest not only for basic research but also in the aquaculture sector.
Topics: Animals; Cantharidin; Head Kidney; Kidney; Leukocytes; Sea Bream
PubMed: 35218974
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.045