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Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Jan 20193-NOP (3-nitroxy-propanol) is a new development compound which reduces methane emission from ruminating animals. For registration purposes with emphasis on EU and North...
3-NOP (3-nitroxy-propanol) is a new development compound which reduces methane emission from ruminating animals. For registration purposes with emphasis on EU and North America data requirements, mutagenic and genotoxic potential was assessed following OECD protocols and respective guidance documents. 3-NOP mutagenicity and genotoxicity testing raised no flags with regard to these endpoints. In silico assessment of 3-NOP and its major plasma metabolite NOPA (3-nitroxy-propionic acid) were predicted negative with regard to the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test. Ames test, mouse lymphoma assay, in vitro micronucleus test, and the oral in vivo micronucleus test using rat bone marrow were all negative. Exposure of the rat bone marrow was verified by the presence of 3-NOP and its metabolites NOPA and HPA (3-hydroxy-propionic acid) a naturally occurring substance in mammals) in plasma following oral dosing. It is therefore concluded that 3-NOP and its metabolites pose no mutagenic and genotoxic potential.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Animals; Bacteria; Cell Line; DNA Damage; Mice; Micronucleus Tests; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens
PubMed: 30408540
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.010 -
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT 1995
Topics: 1-Propanol; Animals; Humans
PubMed: 8603938
DOI: 10.1002/jat.2550150612 -
Journal of Forensic Sciences Jan 2016This study disproves the reliability of n-propanol as a biomarker to establish whether the ethanol found in postmortem blood is derived from antemortem ingestion or...
This study disproves the reliability of n-propanol as a biomarker to establish whether the ethanol found in postmortem blood is derived from antemortem ingestion or postmortem putrefactive processes. Two groups of rats were given ethanol or normal saline solution, respectively, and sacrificed 1.5 h later. After putrefaction, blood and, in a few cases, urine samples from the rats were analyzed for ethanol and n-propanol by head-space gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detection. Although the concentration ratios of ethanol/n-propanol in the postmortem blood collected from the bodies without prior alcohol consumption were expected to be <20 (as per limited case reports and previous in vitro studies), in samples from several rats that were on saline solution, this ratio was found to exceed 20. In conclusion, the concentration ratio of ethanol/n-propanol in postmortem blood does not allow for the discernment between antemortem ingestion and the postmortem synthesis of ethanol.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Animals; Biomarkers; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; Flame Ionization; Postmortem Changes; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 26284959
DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12921 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 2011Eight lactating Holstein cows implanted with a ruminal cannula and permanent indwelling catheters in major splanchnic blood vessels were used to investigate metabolism... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Eight lactating Holstein cows implanted with a ruminal cannula and permanent indwelling catheters in major splanchnic blood vessels were used to investigate metabolism of propanol and ethanol in the postpartum transition period. Cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments in a randomized design with a 2 by 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factor 1 was 2.6g of calcium carbonate/kg of dry matter (DM) versus 1.5 g of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid isopropyl ester/kg of DM. Factor 2 was supplementation with 14 g of propanol/kg of DM (propanol treatment; PT) versus 14 g of ethanol/kg of DM (ethanol treatment; ET). Only factor 2 data are presented in the present paper. Treatments were administered in silage-based total mixed rations and cows were fed the experimental total mixed ration from the day of parturition. Daily rations were fed in 3 equally sized portions at 8-h intervals. Eight hourly sets of ruminal fluid, arterial, and hepatic portal and hepatic vein samples were collected at day -15 ± 5, 4, 15, and 29 relative to parturition. Dry matter intake and milk yield increased with days in milk (DIM), but were not affected by treatment. From prepartum to 4 DIM ruminal concentrations of propanol and ethanol increased with PT and ET, respectively. Postpartum, alcohol intake increased 49% in PT and 34% in ET from 4 to 29 d in milk, respectively. Ruminal concentrations of the alcohols remained unaffected by DIM. Treatments did not affect total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations, but the molar proportion of acetate increased in ET and the molar proportion of propionate increased in PT compared with the contrasting treatment. Propanol treatment decreased milk fat content at 15 to 29 DIM compared with ET. The net portal release of propanol and ethanol increased with increasing ruminal concentration of the respective alcohol. The portal release of alcohol accounted for 43 to 85% of ingested propanol and 36 to 57% of ingested ethanol. Hepatic uptake of propanol and ethanol equaled the net portal flux and no effect of treatment was detected for net splanchnic release of propanol and ethanol. In conclusion, ruminal metabolism is a major component of alcohol metabolism in dairy cows. The postpartum transition dairy cow has sufficient metabolic capacity to cope with high dietary concentrations of primary alcohols even when alcohol intake is abruptly increased at the day of calving. Alcohol intake affects milk fat content and alcohol composition of silage might be important to improve predictions of milk composition.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Animals; Cattle; Ethanol; Female; Fermentation; Liver; Portal System; Postpartum Period; Rumen; Silage; Species Specificity
PubMed: 21524548
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3999 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Dec 2019
Review
Topics: 1-Propanol; Animals; Databases, Factual; Humans; Perfume; Registries; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 31669598
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110904 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A Mar 2011Steady-state and time-resolved emission techniques were employed to study the nonradiative process of Thioflavin-T (ThT) in 1-propanol as a function of temperature. We...
Steady-state and time-resolved emission techniques were employed to study the nonradiative process of Thioflavin-T (ThT) in 1-propanol as a function of temperature. We found that the nonradiative rate, k(nr), decreased by about 3 orders of magnitude when the temperature was lowered to 88 K. We found remarkably good correspondence between the temperature dependence of k(nr) of ThT and the dielectric relaxation times of the 1-propanol solvent.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Benzothiazoles; Electric Impedance; Glass; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Temperature; Thiazoles; Time Factors
PubMed: 21381730
DOI: 10.1021/jp1121195 -
Teratogenicity of n-propanol and isopropanol administered at high inhalation concentrations to rats.Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Mar 1988As part of a teratological evaluation of several alcohols, 10,000, 7000 and 3500 ppm n-propanol or isopropanol were administered by inhalation to groups of 15 pregnant...
As part of a teratological evaluation of several alcohols, 10,000, 7000 and 3500 ppm n-propanol or isopropanol were administered by inhalation to groups of 15 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 hr/day on gestation days 1-19. The dams were killed on day 20. Half of the foetuses were examined for skeletal defects and the others for visceral defects using the Wilson technique. The highest concentration of n-propanol produced only minimal maternal toxicity, as indicated by observation and by measurement of weight gain and feed and water intake. In contrast, the same concentration of isopropanol produced narcosis in the dams, retarded body-weight gain and reduced the feed intake. At 7000 ppm isopropanol, body-weight gain was retarded but there were no other observable effects in the dams. Following exposure to 10,000 ppm of either alcohol, there were significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) increases in resorptions and decreases in foetal weights compared with the control groups. Foetal weights were also reduced significantly following exposure to 7000 ppm of either alcohol and to 3500 ppm isopropanol. Significantly more litters had malformations following exposure to 10,000 or 7000 ppm of either alcohol, but these effects were seen only in the presence of maternal toxicity. At 3500 ppm, no detectable teratogenic effects were produced by either solvent.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Bone and Bones; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Pregnancy; Rats; Teratogens; Viscera
PubMed: 3366425
DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(88)90126-3 -
Drug and Chemical Toxicology 1980Biological effects of a single exposure to moderate or high concentrations of 2-propanol were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute toxicity (LC50, t:8 hours) of...
Biological effects of a single exposure to moderate or high concentrations of 2-propanol were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute toxicity (LC50, t:8 hours) of this widely used solvent was determined and found to be 19000 ppm (17380-20760 ppm) for females and 22500 ppm (19200-26400 ppm) for males. Determination of blood levels of 2-propanol and its metabolite, acetone, was carried out during and after a single 4-hour exposure (Concentration range: 500 to 8000 ppm). The amount of acetone and 2-propanol was directly related to the various air concentrations of alcohol inhaled. Increase of exposure time to 8 hours enhanced considerably the amount of blood acetone which could be determined even 20 hours after exposure. These findings indicate a slow conversion of this alcohol to acetone which can be used as biochemical indicator to exposure. Histopathological examination of rats exposed to high levels of 2-propanol shows typical lesions of chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema accompanied by foamy vacuolization of liver cells and severe focal cytoplasmic degradation.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Acetone; Animals; Biotransformation; Body Temperature; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Edema; Female; Gases; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Pneumonia; Rats
PubMed: 7215196
DOI: 10.3109/01480548009030125 -
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... Jun 2022The present study investigated the chemical constituents from the dry seeds of Hydnocarpus anthelminthica. The compounds were isolated and purified from the dry seeds of...
The present study investigated the chemical constituents from the dry seeds of Hydnocarpus anthelminthica. The compounds were isolated and purified from the dry seeds of H. anthelminthica by various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic activities were determined by MTT assay. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-1-propanol(1), threo-1,2-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-diol(2), erythro-1,2-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-diol(3), 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-1-propanol(4), 3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one(5), chrysoeriol(6), evofolin B(7), apigenin-3'-methoxy-7-O-rutinoside(8), luteolin(9), and vitexin(10). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from this genus for the first time. All compounds showed no significant cytotoxic activity.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Propane; Seeds
PubMed: 35718521
DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220412.201 -
Journal of Molecular Modeling Apr 2011Hydrogen bonds in small chain alcohol-alcohol binary systems alter the dielectric permittivity of the binary system. With a view to obtain a better understanding of the...
Hydrogen bonds in small chain alcohol-alcohol binary systems alter the dielectric permittivity of the binary system. With a view to obtain a better understanding of the interactions in such systems, the complex permittivity spectra of mixtures of methanol (ME) with 1propanol (1PR) and 1butanol (1BU) have been measured in the frequency range 10 MHz to 20 GHz using time domain reflectometry at 288 K, 298 K, 308 K and 318 K. The dielectric parameters such as static dielectric constant and relaxation time were obtained using the calibration method based on nonlinear least squares fit method. Using these parameters excess permittivity, excess inverse relaxation time, Kirkwood correlation factor, and thermodynamic parameters were determined. It is observed that the static permittivity decreases with increase in mole fractions of 1PR/1BU in ME whereas the relaxation time increases for both the binary systems. Computational conformational analysis was performed using ab initio Hartree-Fock using Gaussian-03 program. The present studies indicate a difference in the solvation of ME by 1PR/1BU and vice versa. Further, the interaction of ME-1PR is distinctly different at the 0.55 molar concentration of 1PR while the ME-1BU system shows strong interactions in both the methanol and the 1BU rich regions.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Butanols; Computer Simulation; Hydrogen Bonding; Methanol; Models, Chemical; Static Electricity
PubMed: 20533069
DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0772-y