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Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 2000Analytical methods were introduced for the determination of residues of ectoparasiticides containing pyrethroid and organophosphate active ingredients in foods. Milk and...
Analytical methods were introduced for the determination of residues of ectoparasiticides containing pyrethroid and organophosphate active ingredients in foods. Milk and edible tissues of cows treated with three experimental ectoparasiticides (containing cypermethrin + diazinon, deltamethrin + diazinon and alphamethrin + diazinon, respectively) were assayed for the presence of active ingredient residues. Synthetic pyrethroid residues were not detected in any of the samples processed. Diazinon residues could only be detected in milk samples taken on the first day after treatment (0.005-0.025 mg/kg) and in liver and fat tissue samples taken on the day of slaughtering (0.12 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively). Permethrin and propetamphos residues were determined in the skin, meat and liver of chickens kept on 'Blotic-B' treated litter and in eggs collected at different times after the treatment of layer houses. Permethrin residues could not be detected in any of the samples (< 0.01 mg/kg). Meat and fat tissues of chickens slaughtered on the day after treatment contained small amounts of propetamphos (0.003 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively). In the case of chickens kept on the treated litter and slaughtered after one week, active ingredient was not detected in meat, but 0.006 mg/kg propetamphos was present in the fat. The residue content of other samples (liver, egg) was below the detection limit of the applied method at all sampling times. From the food toxicological point of view these pesticide combinations can be used safely if the recommended withdrawal period is observed between ectoparasiticide administration and slaughter.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chickens; Ectoparasitic Infestations; Eggs; Food Contamination; Humans; Insecticides; Milk; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pesticide Residues; Plants; Pyrethrins
PubMed: 11402696
DOI: No ID Found -
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu = Journal of Hygiene... May 2022A method for the rapid determination of dichlorvos, trichlorfon, fenthion, fenthion-sulfone, fenthion-sulfoxide, fenthion-oxon, fenthion-oxon-sulfone,...
[Determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in milk of cows and sheep by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry combined with passing type purification method].
OBJECTIVE
A method for the rapid determination of dichlorvos, trichlorfon, fenthion, fenthion-sulfone, fenthion-sulfoxide, fenthion-oxon, fenthion-oxon-sulfone, fenthion-oxon-sulfoxide, phoxim, propetamphos, malathion, diazinon and coumaphos 13 common organophosphorus pesticides and their metabolites poison residues in milk of cows and sheep by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) with passing type solid phase extraction(SPE) purification was developed.
METHODS
After centrifugation at 4 ℃, the milk was purified by passing type SPE with acetonitrile precipitating protein and determined by UPLC-MS/MS in electrospray positive ion mode(ESI+) and multi-reaction monitoring scanning(MRM), external standard method for quantitative analysis with matrix matching standard curve.
RESULTS
The recoveries of 13 target compounds were between 81.5% and 107.5% and relative standard deviation was between 1.24% and 6.23% at three spiked levels of 5, 10, 20 μg/L. The detection limits of 13 target compounds were between 0.015 and 0.15 μg/L, and the quantitative limits were between 0.05 and 0.50 μg/L. No organophosphorus pesticide residues were detected in 20 samples of cows and sheep milk.
CONCLUSION
The method has the advantages of good linear independence, low detection limit, high precision and accuracy, and can be used for daily monitoring of milk and related products.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Fenthion; Milk; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pesticide Residues; Pesticides; Sheep; Solid Phase Extraction; Sulfones; Sulfoxides; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 35718915
DOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.03.023 -
Australian Veterinary Journal Aug 2017To determine the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of Australian-registered insecticide formulations against Old World screwworm (OWS) myiases for potential use in...
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of Australian-registered insecticide formulations against Old World screwworm (OWS) myiases for potential use in screwworm containment and eradication programs.
METHODS
The longevity of protection provided by six insecticidal formulations (subcutaneous ivermectin, doramectin and abamectin, a topically applied aqueous formulation of spinosad, ivermectin controlled-release capsule and a dicyclanil spray-on formulation) was tested using implants of 1st-instar OWS larvae on Javanese thin-tail sheep. Therapeutic efficacy of four formulations (topical ivermectin, chlorfenvinphos/cypermethrin mixture, aerosol spinosad formulation and a formulation containing propetamphos and eucalyptus oil) was tested against 2- and 4-day-old OWS strikes.
RESULTS
Both the ivermectin capsule and dicyclanil spray-on formulation gave 100% protection against screwworm implants for the full 12 weeks of the study. Ivermectin, doramectin and abamectin administered SC all gave 100% protection at 3 days post-treatment, but at 2 weeks the protection had become incomplete. Spinosad dipping did not give complete protection at any time. All four therapeutic treatments gave complete resolution of 2-day-old strikes and topical ivermectin, spinosad and chlorfenvinphos/cypermethrin, but not the propetamphos/eucalyptus oil formulation, gave complete resolution of all 4-day-old strikes.
CONCLUSION
Dicyclanil spray-on and ivermectin capsule formulations, both registered for use in sheep, but not for cattle or other livestock species, gave much longer protection against screwworm implants than the currently recommended SC ivermectin. Pre-emptive action to facilitate rapid deployment of these formulations in the event of a screwworm incursion is urgently needed.
Topics: Animals; Australia; Diptera; Indonesia; Insecticides; Ivermectin; Screw Worm Infection; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 28749021
DOI: 10.1111/avj.12609 -
The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical... May 2010The purpose of this study was to determine the life cycle and effectiveness of insecticides against bed bugs in Thailand. Bed bugs from dwelling places in Chon Buri and...
The purpose of this study was to determine the life cycle and effectiveness of insecticides against bed bugs in Thailand. Bed bugs from dwelling places in Chon Buri and Chiang Mai provinces were determined to be Cimex hemipterus and Cimex lectularius, respectively. Both bed bug species were reared by feeding on rabbit blood at 2-day intervals in laboratory conditions at 28-32 degrees C with 75% relative humidity. The duration from egg to adult stages took 39.9 +/- 7.0 and 36.9 +/- 8.2 days in C. hemipterus and C. lectularius, respectively. The insecticides, propetamphos 20% CS, pirimiphos-methyl 50% EC, bifenthrin 25% WP and alpha-cypermethrin 5% SC, were tested against adult C. lectularius using a Potter spray tower. The concentrations at which 50% of bed bugs were either dead or moribund (ED50) for propetamphos and pirimiphos-methyl were 6.67 and 14.93 mg/m2 for the active ingredients on day 3 and the ED50 for bifenthrin and alpha-cypermethrin were 1,767.76 and 353.55 mg/m2, respectively. The results reveal C. lectularius in Thailand has a tendency to develop pyrethroid resistance.
Topics: Animals; Bedbugs; Humans; Insecticides; Life Cycle Stages; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pyrethrins; Thailand
PubMed: 20578541
DOI: No ID Found -
Pest Management Science Jan 2001Samples of housefly (Musca domestica) field populations were collected from Danish livestock farms in 1997. The tolerance of the first-generation offspring was...
Samples of housefly (Musca domestica) field populations were collected from Danish livestock farms in 1997. The tolerance of the first-generation offspring was determined for a number of insecticides. Dose-response values were obtained by topical application for the pyrethroids bioresmethrin and pyrethrum, both synergised with piperonyl butoxide, and the organophosphate dimethoate. The organophosphates azamethiphos and propetamphos and the carbamate methomyl were tested in discriminating dose feeding bioassays. Resistance was low to moderate in most of the populations for most of the compounds tested, but this study also revealed the existence of high resistance to pyrethroid, organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in some populations. The resistance factors at LD50 for bioresmethrin/piperonyl butoxide ranged between 2 and 98, and for pyrethrum/piperonyl butoxide between 2 and 29. Our results indicate that pyrethroid resistance in Denmark is increasing, since four of the 21 farms showed more than 100-fold resistance at LD95, a level of resistance only observed once before. Resistance factors at LD50 for dimethoate ranged from 9 to 100, and showed two distinct trends: populations with either decreasing or increasing resistance. Resistance to azamethiphos was found to be widespread and high. Although two strains with high methomyl and propetamphos resistance were observed, methomyl and propetamphos resistance is moderate and appears not to be increasing.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Carbamates; Data Collection; Denmark; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Houseflies; Insect Control; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Lethal Dose 50; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pyrethrins
PubMed: 11455636
DOI: 10.1002/1526-4998(200101)57:1<82::AID-PS251>3.0.CO;2-8 -
Veterinary Parasitology Jun 1999The response of sheep scab mites to pyrethroid insecticides and organophosphate compounds was studied in vitro with the objective of finding a simple test for detecting...
The response of sheep scab mites to pyrethroid insecticides and organophosphate compounds was studied in vitro with the objective of finding a simple test for detecting insecticide resistance in scab mites. Psoroptes cuniculi from rabbits or P. ovis from sheep were enclosed in small 'tea bags' made from heat sealable paper prior to dipping in insecticide. Mites failed to die 24 h after a 1 min dip in working concentrations of insecticidal sheep dips. With flumethrin a variety of different conditions were tested but most failed to improve the efficacy of flumethrin. It is suggested with freshly collected mites pyrethroids may be taken up by ingestion.
Topics: Animals; Diazinon; Drug Resistance; Insecticides; Mite Infestations; Mites; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pyrethrins; Rabbits; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 10423014
DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00069-2 -
Medical and Veterinary Entomology Jul 1994A treated-surface test was used in a bioassay to detect insecticide resistance to the organophosphorus compounds diazinon and propetamphos, in larvae of field strains of...
A treated-surface test was used in a bioassay to detect insecticide resistance to the organophosphorus compounds diazinon and propetamphos, in larvae of field strains of Lucilia cuprina in New Zealand during 1990/91 and 1991/92 (December-April). Mean LC50s for both diazinon and propetamphos showed a significant increase between seasons although this is not necessarily indicative of a trend. Mean LC50s for diazinon increased from 1.16 to 1.60 mg/l (P < 0.001) and for propetamphos from 0.49 to 0.59 mg/l (P < 0.005) in pooled populations. Diazinon and propetamphos resistance was significantly correlated in both seasons, suggesting side-resistance between the two insecticides.
Topics: Animals; Diazinon; Diptera; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Larva; Lethal Dose 50; New Zealand; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Seasons
PubMed: 7949314
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1994.tb00504.x -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 1997The Tweed River Purification Board's objective of reducing the numbers and significance of water pollution incidents by a proactive approach based on persuasion and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The Tweed River Purification Board's objective of reducing the numbers and significance of water pollution incidents by a proactive approach based on persuasion and education is described. This has consisted of prioritising potential pollutant sources which have then been investigated in detail followed by discussion and agreement with dischargers as to remedial measures. The paper describes in detail the Board's investigation of pollution from the organophosphate (OP) sheep dips, Diazinon and Propetamphos, and their effects on surface waters throughout its area. Examination of historical incidents and a preliminary survey of sheep farms in the Ettrick Water catchment in 1989 confirmed the potential for serious pollution. Comparison of OP concentrations in the Ettrick with strategic sites throughout the catchment confirmed the widespread nature of the problem and led to visits to every sheep farmer in the Board's area in 1990 and 1991, when 795 dippers were investigated. The study involved risk assessments of the location of dippers and the spent dip disposal practice which confirmed that poor siting, inadequate disposal and particularly poor management of the dipping operation were responsible for the pollution problems observed. Practical advice on the management of dipping and disposal of spent dip was given individually to farmers. The success of the project in reducing pollution is reflected in a significant and sustained reduction in OP concentrations in environmental samples. The future of ectoparasitic treatments for sheep, the potential for antidotes to spent sheep dip and legal obligations relating to its safe disposal is also considered.
Topics: Animals; Data Collection; Diazinon; Ectoparasitic Infestations; Fresh Water; Insecticides; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Quality Control; Risk Assessment; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; United Kingdom; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 9112786
DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(96)05365-x -
Journal of Economic Entomology Dec 1995Airborne residues of chlorpyrifos, propetamphos, and permethrin were measured up to 50 h after broadcast treatment for cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), control...
Airborne residues of chlorpyrifos, propetamphos, and permethrin were measured up to 50 h after broadcast treatment for cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), control in residences. Type of insecticide, time after treatment, ventilation regime, and height above floor significantly affected airborne residues. Before spraying chlorpyrifos, residues were low or undetected. In nonventilated residences, chlorpyrifos residues peaked 0-6 h after treatment at 38 ng/liter, then slowly declined through 50 h. In ventilated residences, chlorpyrifos residues peaked from 2 to 10 h after treatment at 25-27 ng/liter, then declined to 8 ng/liter at 50 h. Propetamphos and permethrin residues in nonventilated residences peaked at 0-2 h at 32-40 and 40-44 ng/liter, respectively. Propetamphos peaked at 12-17 ng/liter at 0-2 h in ventilated residences. Permethrin was not detected in any of the samples in ventilated residences. Maximum airborne concentrations were 74 ng/liter chlorpyrifos, 49 ng/liter propetamphos, and 54 ng/liter permethrin.
Topics: Air; Air Pollution, Indoor; Animals; Cats; Insect Control; Insecticides; Pesticide Residues; Siphonaptera
PubMed: 8537544
DOI: 10.1093/jee/88.6.1684 -
Australian Veterinary Journal Jul 1995Resistance to organophosphorus (OP) insecticides in the Australian sheep blowfly has decreased the larvicidal effectiveness of several popular products used as dressings... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Resistance to organophosphorus (OP) insecticides in the Australian sheep blowfly has decreased the larvicidal effectiveness of several popular products used as dressings for flystrike. Laboratory bioassays in which near full-size Australian sheep blowfly larvae were immersed in flystrike dressings at registered concentrations for times ranging from 5 to 180 s indicated that none of the products was completely effective in killing highly OP-resistant larvae. Several products performed poorly, even against a susceptible population. Effectiveness did not always reflect the concentration of active ingredient. For example, the products considered to be the most, and least effective overall, contained 0.036% propetamphos but were formulated very differently. Larvicidal efficacy is important in terms of minimising injury to stock but also in the management of insecticide resistance. In situations when the degree of resistance is known, it will be possible to make recommendations for the most cost-effective treatment of flystrike. In the meantime, there appears to be a clear advantage for woolgrowers to use a propetamphos-based flystrike jetting product to dress flystrike lesions.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Diptera; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Larva; Lethal Dose 50; Myiasis; Organophosphorus Compounds; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 8534226
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1995.tb03536.x