-
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on... 2000
Review
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; DNA Damage; Microtubules; Prophase; Radiation Injuries; Vertebrates
PubMed: 12760052
DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2000.65.369 -
Molecular Cell Apr 1998DMC1 is a meiosis-specific gene first discovered in yeast that encodes a protein with homology to RecA and may be component of recombination nodules. Yeast dmc1 mutants...
DMC1 is a meiosis-specific gene first discovered in yeast that encodes a protein with homology to RecA and may be component of recombination nodules. Yeast dmc1 mutants are defective in crossing over and synaptonemal complex (SC) formation, and arrest in late prophase of meiosis I. We have generated a null mutation in the Dmc1 gene in mice and show that homozygous mutant males and females are sterile with arrest of gametogenesis in the first meiotic prophase. Chromosomes in mutant spermatocytes fail to synapse, despite the formation of axial elements that are the precursor to the SC. The strong similarity of phenotypes in Dmc1-deficient mice and yeast suggests that meiotic mechanisms have been highly conserved through evolution.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Cell Cycle Proteins; Chromosomes; DNA-Binding Proteins; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Germ-Line Mutation; Infertility; Male; Meiosis; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nuclear Proteins; Oocytes; Phosphate-Binding Proteins; Prophase; Rec A Recombinases; Recombinant Proteins; Recombination, Genetic; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 9660953
DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80069-6 -
Biology of Reproduction Apr 2020
Topics: Meiosis; Meiotic Prophase I; Nuclear Envelope; Prophase; Telomere
PubMed: 31882992
DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz231 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Aug 2021Cytokines play critical roles in the inflammatory processes underlying liver failure. The relevance of interleukin-35 (IL-35), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in liver...
BACKGROUND
Cytokines play critical roles in the inflammatory processes underlying liver failure. The relevance of interleukin-35 (IL-35), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in liver failure remains uncharacterized. This study was conducted to investigate whether the IL-35 level in patients with prophase of liver failure (PLF) is associated with prognosis and the possible mechanism of immune regulation for IL-35.
METHODS
This retrospective study enrolled 42 patients with PLF at the Department of Infection, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2016 and December 2018. Thirty patients with hepatitis and 30 healthy controls were also enrolled. We divide patients with prophase of liver failure into improvement group who recovered quickly (n=33) and deteriorate group who deteriorated to overt liver failure (n=9). Serum IL-35 level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ratio of regulatory T cells to T-helper type-17 cells (Treg/Th17) in peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry.
RESULTS
Serum IL-35 level was higher in patients with PLF who showed subsequent improvement than in patients with PLF who showed deterioration to overt liver failure. The Treg/Th17 ratio was higher in patients with PLF who showed improvement than in patients with PLF who developed overt liver failure. The serum IL-35 level and Treg/Th17 ratio were positively correlated in patients with PLF.
CONCLUSIONS
High serum IL-35 level is associated with better prognosis in patients with PLF.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Interleukin-17; Liver Failure; Male; Middle Aged; Prophase; Retrospective Studies; Th17 Cells
PubMed: 34488403
DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-1680 -
Fertility and Sterility 1963
Topics: Cell Division; Chromosomes; Embryology; Female; Fetus; Germ Cells; Humans; Meiosis; Oocytes; Ovary; Ovum; Prophase
PubMed: 14060304
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)34922-6 -
Trends in Genetics : TIG Nov 2020The synaptonemal complex (SC), a highly conserved structure built between homologous meiotic chromosomes, is required for crossover formation and ensuring proper... (Review)
Review
The synaptonemal complex (SC), a highly conserved structure built between homologous meiotic chromosomes, is required for crossover formation and ensuring proper chromosome segregation. In many organisms, SC components can also form alternative structures, including repeating SC structures that are known as polycomplexes (PCs), and extensively modified SC structures that are maintained late in meiosis. PCs display differences in their ability to localize with lateral element proteins, recombination machinery, and DNA. They can be created by defects in post-translational modification, suggesting that these modifications have roles in preventing alternate SC structures. These SC-like structures provide insight into the rules for building and maintaining the SC by offering an 'in vivo laboratory' for models of SC assembly, structure, and disassembly. Here, we discuss what these structures can tell us about the rules for building the SC and the roles of the SC in meiotic processes.
Topics: Animals; Chromosome Pairing; Chromosome Segregation; Crossing Over, Genetic; Humans; Meiosis; Nuclear Proteins; Synaptonemal Complex
PubMed: 32800626
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.07.007 -
Current Opinion in Cell Biology Jun 1996Synaptonemal complexes (SCs) are zipper-like structures which are assembled between homologous chromosomes during the prophase of the first meiotic division. Their... (Review)
Review
Synaptonemal complexes (SCs) are zipper-like structures which are assembled between homologous chromosomes during the prophase of the first meiotic division. Their assembly and disassembly correlate with the successive chromatin rearrangements of meiotic prophase, namely the condensation, pairing, recombination and disjunction of homologous chromosomes. It was originally thought that SCs created the preconditions for the homologous crossing over of chromosomes by bringing corresponding parts of homologous chromosomes in close apposition. However, this view has been gradually undermined during recent years, and ideas about the roles of SCs have radically changed. SCs are now considered to be structures that both control the number and distribution of reciprocal exchanges between homologous chromosomes (cross-overs) and convert cross-overs into functional chiasmata. How SCs fulfil these roles remains to be elucidated.
Topics: Animals; Cell Nucleus; Gene Expression; Synaptonemal Complex
PubMed: 8743892
DOI: 10.1016/s0955-0674(96)80015-9 -
Experientia Mar 1994This article reviews current views on the mechanisms of meiotic homology searching and recombination. It discusses the relationship between molecular events at meiotic... (Review)
Review
This article reviews current views on the mechanisms of meiotic homology searching and recombination. It discusses the relationship between molecular events at meiotic prophase and concomitant cytological processes. The role of the synaptonemal complex and other meiosis-specific structures is discussed. Whereas the relationship of crossovers, late recombination nodules, and chiasmata is well established, there is still some controversy about the temporal and causal relationships between double strand breaks, homologue recognition, heteroduplexes, early nodules and presynaptic alignment.
Topics: Chromosomes; Meiosis; Recombination, Genetic; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Synaptonemal Complex
PubMed: 8143802
DOI: 10.1007/BF01924012 -
Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 2018
Topics: Meiosis; Synaptonemal Complex
PubMed: 29233050
DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1411435 -
International Review of Cell and... 2014Plants have unique microtubule (MT) arrays, cortical MTs, preprophase band, mitotic spindle, and phragmoplast, in the processes of evolution. These MT arrays control the... (Review)
Review
Plants have unique microtubule (MT) arrays, cortical MTs, preprophase band, mitotic spindle, and phragmoplast, in the processes of evolution. These MT arrays control the directions of cell division and expansion especially in plants and are essential for plant morphogenesis and developments. Organizations and functions of these MT arrays are accomplished by diverse MT-associated proteins (MAPs). This review introduces 10 of conserved MAPs in eukaryote such as γ-TuC, augmin, katanin, kinesin, EB1, CLASP, MOR1/MAP215, MAP65, TPX2, formin, and several plant-specific MAPs such as CSI1, SPR2, MAP70, WVD2/WDL, RIP/MIDD, SPR1, MAP18/PCaP, EDE1, and MAP190. Most of the studies cited in this review have been analyzed in the particular model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. The significant knowledge of A. thaliana is the important established base to understand MT organizations and functions in plants.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Microtubules; Plant Cells; Prophase; Spindle Apparatus
PubMed: 25262237
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800178-3.00001-4