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Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2022Prostaglandins (PGs) are lipid-derived autacoids that are synthesized from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenases and PG terminal synthases. PGs consist of... (Review)
Review
Prostaglandins (PGs) are lipid-derived autacoids that are synthesized from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenases and PG terminal synthases. PGs consist of PGD, PGE, PGF, prostacyclin (PGI), and thromboxane A, which act through G protein-coupled receptors. PGs sustain homeostatic functions and exert a variety of pathophysiological roles to regulate the development of various diseases such as obesity and dyslipidemia. Adipocytes (fat cells) have the unique capacity to accumulate large amounts of lipids as energy source in lipid droplets. Adipogenesis is the process of differentiation from preadipocytes to mature adipocytes, which is regulated by various adipogenic transcription factors. Obesity is defined as an abnormal increase in adipose tissue mass and is considered to be a risk factor for the development of lifestyle-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review summarizes insights into the roles of PGD, PGF, and their synthases in the regulation of adipogenesis and obesity.
Topics: Adipogenesis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Obesity; Prostaglandin D2; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins F
PubMed: 35908908
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00210 -
Horumon To Rinsho. Clinical... Dec 1968
Review
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular System; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Humans; Nervous System; Prostaglandins; Uterus
PubMed: 4886774
DOI: No ID Found -
Prostaglandins Aug 1973
Review
Topics: Animals; Aqueous Humor; Carbon Isotopes; Cats; Eye; Eye Diseases; Intraocular Pressure; Miotics; Prostaglandin Antagonists; Prostaglandins; Rabbits; Stimulation, Chemical; Tritium; Uveitis
PubMed: 4199679
DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(73)90036-1 -
Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.) Sep 2020Prostaglandins have been attractive targets in total synthesis for over 50 years, resulting in the development of new synthetic strategies and methodologies that have... (Review)
Review
Prostaglandins have been attractive targets in total synthesis for over 50 years, resulting in the development of new synthetic strategies and methodologies that have served the broader chemical community. However, these molecules are not just of academic interest, a number of prostaglandin analogues are used in the clinic, and some are even on the WHO list of essential medicines. In this personal account, we describe our own approach to the family of prostaglandins, which centers around the synthesis of a key enal intermediate, formed from the l-proline catalysed dimerization of succinaldehyde. We highlight the discovery and further optimization of this key reaction, its scale up, and subsequent application to a range of prostaglandins.
Topics: Aldehydes; Catalysis; Dimerization; Proline; Prostaglandins
PubMed: 32672398
DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000054 -
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology Apr 2003Prostaglandin analogs are a novel class of intraocular-lowering medications used primarily for the treatment of glaucoma. These topical medications reduce intraocular... (Review)
Review
Prostaglandin analogs are a novel class of intraocular-lowering medications used primarily for the treatment of glaucoma. These topical medications reduce intraocular pressure primarily by enhancing uveoscleral outflow. The recent literature has enhanced our understanding of the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of these agents and has allowed us to better understand the differences between the three commonly used once-daily medications.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Amides; Bimatoprost; Cloprostenol; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Lipids; Ocular Hypertension; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Safety; Travoprost
PubMed: 12698043
DOI: 10.1097/00055735-200304000-00001 -
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Mar 2002To review available data related to the use of prostaglandin analogs (bimatoprost, latanoprost, travoprost, unoprostone) in the management of ocular hypertension and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review available data related to the use of prostaglandin analogs (bimatoprost, latanoprost, travoprost, unoprostone) in the management of ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma.
DATA SOURCES
Primary and review articles were identified from a MEDLINE search (1966-May 2001) and requested information from product manufacturers.
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
All available information, including that published in articles and abstracts, which was deemed relevant was included in this review. Limited data have been published to date.
DATA SYNTHESIS
The prostaglandin analogs appear to be effective, well-tolerated agents for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. This drug class offers an alternative for patients who do not achieve control with another topical antiglaucoma agent or for those with a contraindication to first-line therapy with beta-adrenergic antagonists. Based on preliminary clinical data, bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost appear to be at least as effective as timolol, while the effectiveness of unoprostone is similar or slightly less. Prostaglandin analogs may be used in conjunction with other antiglaucoma medications, although further studies must establish the optimal combination. Whether clinical experience will yield outcomes in favor of one of the prostaglandin analogs remains to be determined. Patients should be educated on adverse events associated with prostaglandin analogs, particularly the potential for changes in the pigmentation of the iris and eyelashes.
CONCLUSIONS
Bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost appear to be equivalent to the current standard of therapy in the topical treatment of elevated IOP. Further clinical data published in article versus abstract format is required to better assess potential differences among these 3 agents.
Topics: Amides; Antihypertensive Agents; Bimatoprost; Cloprostenol; Dinoprost; Drug Storage; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Latanoprost; Lipids; Ocular Hypertension; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Travoprost
PubMed: 11895065
DOI: 10.1345/aph.1A178 -
Horumon To Rinsho. Clinical... Apr 1974
Review
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Prostaglandin Antagonists; Prostaglandins
PubMed: 4213705
DOI: No ID Found -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Jan 1986
Review
Topics: Alprostadil; Animals; Arachidonic Acids; Cell Division; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Thromboxane A2; Thromboxane B2
PubMed: 3514988
DOI: No ID Found -
Schweizerische Medizinische... Jun 1977
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Humans; Hydroxy Acids; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Platelet Aggregation; Prostaglandins; Pyrans
PubMed: 877523
DOI: No ID Found -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2022The aim: To study the features of changes in the level of prostaglandins (I2 and F2α) in blood serum of patients GERD on the background of OH of the cervical and...
OBJECTIVE
The aim: To study the features of changes in the level of prostaglandins (I2 and F2α) in blood serum of patients GERD on the background of OH of the cervical and thoracic spine and obesity.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: The examined patients included 56 patients with GERD and OH of the cervical and thoracic spine. All patients had their blood serum prostaglandin (Pg) F2α and 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (blood prostacyclin - Pg I2) levels examined using the method of immunoassay analysis.
RESULTS
Results: In all patients with GERD and OH an excessive body weight or obesity of varying degrees was found while analyzing anthropometric study results. The determination of prostaglandin F2α and prostacyclin (Pg I2) levels in blood serum in patients with GERD and OH and healthy individuals was performed. A more pronounced increase of Pg I2 and Pg F2α in blood serum in patients with GERD and OH with III degree obese was found and the smallest concentration of prostaglandines in blood serum was diagnosed in patients with excessive weight (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: 1. In patients with GERD and OH, an increase in levels of prostaglandins F2α and I2 in blood serum has been established. 2. The relationship between the duration of excess body weigh, obesity and the dynamics of the level of prostaglandin Pg I2 and F2α in blood serum in patients with GERD on the background of OH has been established.
Topics: Humans; Epoprostenol; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Obesity; Osteochondrosis; Prostaglandins; Serum; Spinal Diseases
PubMed: 36472287
DOI: 10.36740/WLek202210134