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Prostaglandins Jan 1978The conversion of exogenous arachidonic acid into prostaglandins was studied in human placenta and fetal membrane microsomes. Only one prostaglandin was formed,...
The conversion of exogenous arachidonic acid into prostaglandins was studied in human placenta and fetal membrane microsomes. Only one prostaglandin was formed, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in fetal membrane microsomes. In placental microsomes PGE2 was further transformed into 15 keto-PGE2. Cofactor requirements and some characteristics of the system were studied. 1 to 3% conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins was observed in placental microsomes and 5 to 8% conversion in fetal membrane microsomes.
Topics: Arachidonic Acids; Borohydrides; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Extraembryonic Membranes; Female; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases; Microsomes; Oxidation-Reduction; Placenta; Pregnancy; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Time Factors
PubMed: 24235
DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(78)80003-3 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Mar 1977
Highly stereoselective synthesis of 9-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha and 11-epi-prostaglandin F2alph by the aluminum hydride reduction of prostaglandin E2 and 11-epi-prostaglandin E2 derivatives.
Topics: Aluminum; Indicators and Reagents; Oxidation-Reduction; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 839318
DOI: 10.1021/jo00426a037 -
The Journal of Physiology Oct 1973
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Haplorhini; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Papio; Prostaglandins; Radioisotopes; Vascular Resistance; Xenon
PubMed: 4203310
DOI: No ID Found -
Progress in Lipid Research Mar 1997The discovery of IsoPs as products of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation has opened up new areas of investigation regarding the role of free radicals in human physiology... (Review)
Review
The discovery of IsoPs as products of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation has opened up new areas of investigation regarding the role of free radicals in human physiology and pathophysiology. The quantification of IsoPs as markers of oxidative stress status appears to be an important advance in our ability to explore the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of human disease. A drawback related to this, however, has been lack of more facile and less expensive methods than mass spectrometry for the measurement of IsoPs. On the other hand, the recent introduction of immunoassay methods for measurement of IsoPs may alleviate this problem, provided they are specific and reliable. If this is the case, immunoassay methodology will most likely lead to an expansion of the use of measurements of IsoPs to assess oxidative stress status in vivo. Another need in the field of free radical medicine is information regarding the clinical pharmacology of antioxidant agents. Because of the evidence implicating free radicals in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, large clinical trials are planned or underway to assess whether antioxidants can either prevent the development or ameliorate the pathology of certain human disorders. However, data regarding the most effective doses and combination of antioxidant agents to use in these clinical trials is lacking. As mentioned previously, administration of antioxidants suppresses the formation of IsoPs, even in normal individuals. Thus, measurement of IsoPs may provide a valuable approach to defining the clinical pharmacology of antioxidants. In addition to being markers of oxidative stress, at least two IsoPs possess potent biological activity. The availability of additional IsoPs in synthetic form should broaden our knowledge concerning the role of these molecules as mediators of oxidant stress. Moreover, information regarding the nature of the receptor(s) that mediate the biological actions of IsoPs will be of considerable importance to the development of specific antagonists or agonists of the biological actions of IsoPs. Despite the fact that considerable information has been obtained since the initial report of the discovery of IsoPs, much remains to be understood about these molecules. With continued research in this area, we believe that much new information will emerge that will open up additional important new areas for future investigation.
Topics: Biomarkers; Dinoprost; F2-Isoprostanes; Free Radicals; Humans; Isomerism; Leukotrienes; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidative Stress; Prostaglandins; Receptors, Prostaglandin; Thromboxanes
PubMed: 9373618
DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(97)00001-5 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie 1980
Topics: Animals; Humans; Ocular Physiological Phenomena; Prostaglandins
PubMed: 7430544
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... Aug 1979Metabolism of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was studied with both qualitative and quantitative techniques in liver, kidney and lung of fetal and maternal guinea...
Metabolism of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was studied with both qualitative and quantitative techniques in liver, kidney and lung of fetal and maternal guinea pigs at term. In the pregnant guinea pigs 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) activities were highest in the kidney, followed by the lung and then by the liver. In fetuses PGDH activity was highest in the liver, followed in decreasing order by kidney and lung. The kidneys and lungs of the mothers showed a 6- to 10-fold higher PGDH activity than those of the litter (P less than 0.005), but the mean PGDH activity of liver was lower in the mothers than in the fetuses. It is suggested that the liver may play a major role in prostaglandin metabolism during fetal life, and may fulfil part of the function reserved to the lung during adult life. Maternal and fetal lungs differed greatly in their handling of PGF2 alpha. This was not due to a difference in aeration, for the differences in the metabolism of PGF2 alpha between mother and litter increased when well-aerated neonatal lungs were considered instead of non-aerated fetal lungs. The observed differences in enzyme activity between fetal and neonatal lungs add yet another dimension to the role of prostaglandins in the establishment of neonatal respiration.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Dinoprost; Female; Guinea Pigs; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins F; Respiration; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 299461
DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(79)90067-4 -
Die Medizinische Welt Nov 1977
Review
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Asthma; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Collagen; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Male; Platelet Aggregation; Pregnancy; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Prostaglandins; Thromboxane A2; Uterine Contraction
PubMed: 413019
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Prostaglandin, Thromboxane,... 1983
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Brain; Dinoprostone; Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases; Prostaglandin D2; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins D; Prostaglandins E; Rats; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Prostaglandin; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 6221610
DOI: No ID Found -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Apr 1982[3H]Prostaglandin E2 was administered intragastrically to suckling rats at 10 micrograms and 0.1 microgram doses. At the higher dose, 91% of the radioactive label was...
[3H]Prostaglandin E2 was administered intragastrically to suckling rats at 10 micrograms and 0.1 microgram doses. At the higher dose, 91% of the radioactive label was recoverable at zero time, decreasing to 29% at 5 h. At the lower dose, 40% of the dose was recoverable at zero time, decreasing to 8% at 5 h. With time, the radioactivity in the stomach showed a steady decrease whereas it increased in the tissues. At the 10 microgram dose of [3H]prostaglandin E2 the amount of radioactivity showed a steady increase in the small intestine lumen and small intestine wall. In liver and kidney the maximum amount of radioactive label was found at 1 h. After 1 h the radioactivity began to decline in the liver, while the kidney remained at the same level for the entire 5-h period. At the 0.1 microgram dose of [3H]prostaglandin E2 the radioactivity in the small intestine lumen reached a maximum 3 h after gavage and thereafter declined. The amount of label in the small intestine wall increased for the entire 5 h. In liver and kidney the radioactivity peaked at 1 h, remained at the same level until the 3rd h, then exhibited a decline. Quantitation of the unmetabolized prostaglandin E2 reaching the various organs studied was possible 30 and 60 min after administration of the 10 micrograms dose of prostaglandin E2. At 30 min 42.9% of radioactive label present in the liver could be shown to be authentic prostaglandin E2. This corresponded to 0.64% of the original dose. At 60 min only 22.8% of the radioactive label found in the liver could be shown to be authentic prostaglandin E2, which corresponded to 0.46% of the administered dose. Similar results were found in the small intestine lumen, the small intestine wall and in the kidney. At 3 and 5h, none of the radioactivity found in these organs could be identified as authentic prostaglandin E2.
Topics: Animals; Dinoprostone; Female; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Prostaglandins E; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stomach; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Weaning
PubMed: 6950792
DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(82)90014-5 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Oct 1983Human albumin catalyzed the in vitro transformation of prostaglandin D2 into three novel dehydration products identified as 9-deoxy-11-keto-15...
Human albumin catalyzed the in vitro transformation of prostaglandin D2 into three novel dehydration products identified as 9-deoxy-11-keto-15 alpha-hydroxy-delta-5,9,12-prostenoic acid; 15-deoxy-11-keto-9 alpha-hydroxy-delta 5,9,12,14-prostenoic acid. Results suggest that albumin can influence, qualitatively and quantitatively, the metabolism of eicosanoids.
Topics: Biotransformation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Prostaglandin D2; Prostaglandins D; Serum Albumin
PubMed: 6578214
DOI: No ID Found