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Cardiovascular Research Jul 1975An in-vitro study has been made of the echo patterns obtained during ultrasonic Time-Motion (T-M) scanning of commonly used prosthetic heart valves. Studies have been...
An in-vitro study has been made of the echo patterns obtained during ultrasonic Time-Motion (T-M) scanning of commonly used prosthetic heart valves. Studies have been undertaken of Starr-Edwards, Beal, and Björk-Shilley valves. From the recorded traces information has been obtained regarding the orientations of the ultrasound beam to the central axes of the valves for which accurate measurements can be made. The orientations have been determined for which the opening and closing times of the valves can be measured to within 20 ms. Characteristics of the T-M trances have been noted which allow the angle between the direction of an ultrasound beam and a central valve axis to be reduced to less than 20 degrees. This makes the error due to angular misalignment of the beam less than --6% when the range of movement of a ball, disc, or flap is being measured. Finally a number of artefacts are considered which can arise when prosthetic valves are examined with ultrasound.
Topics: Heart Valve Prosthesis; Motion; Time Factors; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 1182732
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/9.4.554 -
The Canadian Journal of Cardiology Mar 2009Prosthetic heart valve dysfunction due to thrombus or pannus formation can be a life-threatening complication. The present report describes a 47-year-old woman who...
Prosthetic heart valve dysfunction due to thrombus or pannus formation can be a life-threatening complication. The present report describes a 47-year-old woman who developed valvular cardiomyopathy after chorda-sparing mitral valve replacement, and subsequently underwent heart transplantation for progressive heart failure. The explanted mitral valve prosthesis showed significant thrombus and pannus leading to reduced leaflet mobility and valvular stenosis. The present report illustrates the role of the subvalvular apparatus and pannus in prosthesis dysfunction.
Topics: Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Chordae Tendineae; Disease Progression; Female; Foreign-Body Reaction; Heart Failure; Heart Transplantation; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve; Myocardium; Treatment Failure
PubMed: 19279993
DOI: 10.1016/s0828-282x(09)70050-9 -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Dec 2018The significance of and threshold values for the standardized uptake value (SUV) in FDG PET/CT to diagnose prosthetic heart valve (PHV) endocarditis (PVE) are unclear at...
BACKGROUND
The significance of and threshold values for the standardized uptake value (SUV) in FDG PET/CT to diagnose prosthetic heart valve (PHV) endocarditis (PVE) are unclear at present.
METHODS
A literature search was performed in the PubMed and EMBASE medical databases, comprising the following terms: (FDG OR *fluorode* OR *fluoro-de*) AND (endocarditis OR prosthetic heart valve OR valve replacement). Studies reporting SUVs correlated to the diagnosis of PVE were selected for analysis.
RESULTS
8 studies were included, with a total of 330 PHVs assessed. SUVs for PVE varied substantially across studies due to differences in acquisition, reconstruction, and measurement protocols, with median SUVmax values for rejected PVE ranging from 0.5 to 4.9 and for definite PVE ranging from 4.2 to 7.4.
CONCLUSION
Reported SUV values for PVE are not interchangeable between sites, and further standardization of quantification is desirable. To this end, optimal protocols for patient preparation, image acquisition, and reconstruction and measurement methods need to be standardized across centers.
Topics: Endocarditis, Bacterial; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 28585026
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0932-x -
American Journal of Therapeutics 2016St. Jude mechanical prosthesis is the most commonly used prosthetic device with least valvular complications with excellent hemodynamics. However, prosthetic valve...
St. Jude mechanical prosthesis is the most commonly used prosthetic device with least valvular complications with excellent hemodynamics. However, prosthetic valve thrombosis is one of the serious complications, with rates between 0.03% and 0.13% per patient-year depending on the type of anticoagulation used and compliance to the therapy. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the initial screening tool (class I) that would provide clues for the assessment of valvular hemodynamics. Fluoroscopy is an alternate imaging modality for the assessment of mechanical leaflet motion, especially in patients when prosthetic valves are difficult to image on TTE or transesophageal echocardiography. A complete fluoroscopic evaluation of a prosthetic valve includes assessment of valvular motion and structural integrity. Opening and closing angles can be measured fluoroscopically to determine whether a specific valve is functioning properly. We discuss a case of a 91-year-old man with thrombosis of bileaflet mechanical mitral prosthesis that was demonstrated on real-time fluoroscopy (not evident on TTE). An algorithmic approach to diagnosis and management of prosthetic heart valve thrombosis is outlined.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Echocardiography; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Fluoroscopy; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Male; Mitral Valve; Thrombosis
PubMed: 25486519
DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000117 -
The Journal of Heart Valve Disease Jan 1998
Topics: Decision Making; Equipment Design; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Markov Chains
PubMed: 9502131
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Jan 1993The Omnicarbon prosthetic heart valve (Medical Inc., Inver Grove Heights, Minn.) was implanted in 124 patients (mean age 53 +/- 11 years); 66 of them had aortic valve...
The Omnicarbon prosthetic heart valve (Medical Inc., Inver Grove Heights, Minn.) was implanted in 124 patients (mean age 53 +/- 11 years); 66 of them had aortic valve replacement, 40 had mitral valve replacement, and 18 had both aortic and mitral valve replacement. Preoperatively 76.6% were in New York Heart Association class 3 or 4, and 84.7% were in class 1 or 2 after the operation. There were six (4.8%) early deaths and seven late deaths. Survival was 85% +/- 6% at 6 years in the aortic valve replacement group, 94% +/- 4% at 3 years in the mitral valve replacement group, and 78% +/- 11% at 4 years in the double valve replacement group. Freedom from cardiac death was 89% +/- 4% at 6 years (2.0% per patient-year) in the aortic valve replacement group, 94% +/- 4% at 3 years (1.8% per patient-year) in the mitral valve replacement group, and 78% +/- 11% at 4 years (5.7% per patient-year) in the double valve replacement group. There were six valve-related complications. Freedom from valve-related complications was 92% +/- 4% at 6 years (1.5% per patient-year) in the aortic valve replacement group, 97% +/- 3% at 3 years (1.8% per patient-year) in the mitral valve replacement group, and 83% +/- 11% at 4 years (5.7% per patient-year) in the double valve replacement group. Cerebral hemorrhage was seen in two patients in the aortic valve replacement group. Freedom from all events was 80% +/- 7% at 6 years in the aortic valve replacement group, 88% +/- 6% at 3 years in the mitral valve replacement group, and 78% +/- 11% at 4 years in the double valve replacement group. Elevation of the postoperative serum lactate dehydrogenase levels was minimal in all groups. The maximum opening angle at rest was 60.0 +/- 8.9 degrees in the aortic position and 54.1 +/- 6.6 degrees in the mitral position. In conclusion, the Omnicarbon prosthesis had excellent postoperative clinical status and negligible hemolysis.
Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Valve Diseases; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Hospitals, University; Humans; Japan; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve; Postoperative Complications; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Survival Rate
PubMed: 8419698
DOI: No ID Found -
Circulation Dec 1996
Topics: Adult; Female; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Prosthesis Failure
PubMed: 8941140
DOI: No ID Found -
Circulation Dec 2011
Topics: Aortic Valve Stenosis; Bioprosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Male
PubMed: 22156004
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.050534 -
Medicinski Glasnik : Official... Feb 2015Patients with organic disease can present with psychiatric symptoms. We hypothesized that since patients with prosthetic heart valve require frequent hospital followup...
AIM
Patients with organic disease can present with psychiatric symptoms. We hypothesized that since patients with prosthetic heart valve require frequent hospital followup and are at higher risk for complications, the incidence of depression and anxiety is higher in these patients.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study prospectively studied 98 consecutive patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valve. All patients fulfilled prosthetic heart valve evaluation form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS). Complete blood count, basic metabolic panel and echocardiogram results were collected for all the patients.
RESULTS
Using the BDI, there were 26 patients (27%) with no depression, 20 (20%) with mild depression, 38 (39%) with moderate, 4 (4%) with severe and 10 (10%) patients with very severe depression. Avarege score was 18.3±11.4 on BDI and 19.1±11.1 on HAS. The depression level was positively associated with prothrombin time (p les than 0.001) and international normalized ratio (INR) level (p les than 0.001). Hamilton Anxiety Scale was significantly correlated with comorbidities (r: 0.344; p=0.002), blood transfusion (r: 0.370; p les than 0.001), obesity (r: 0.319; p=0.007) and Beck Depression Scale was correlated with comorbidities (r: 0.328; p=0.002), in patients with prosthetic heart valve disease.
CONLUSION
Patients with prosthetic heart valve have higher prevalence of depression and higher scores of anxiety and depression. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of depression and anxiety may decrease the morbidity in prosthetic heart valve disease. Besides, use of new oral anticoagulant agents that do not need INR check, could decrease anxiety and depression in the future.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 25669343
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Echocardiography :... May 2010Prosthetic heart valve obstruction (PHVO) caused by pannus formation is an uncommon but serious complication. Although two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography...
Prosthetic heart valve obstruction (PHVO) caused by pannus formation is an uncommon but serious complication. Although two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D-TEE) is the method of choice in the evaluation of PHVO, visualization of pannus is almost impossible with 2D-TEE. While demonstrating the precise aetiology of PHVO is essential for guiding the therapy, either thrombolysis for valve thrombosis or surgery for pannus formation, more sophisticated imaging techniques are needed in patients with suspected pannus formation. We present real-time 3D-TEE imaging in a patient with mechanical mitral PHVO, clearly demonstrating pannus overgrowth.
Topics: Adult; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Female; Heart Valve Diseases; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans
PubMed: 20022870
DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jep206