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Journal of Biomedical Science Jan 2019Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean region and cultivated around the world. Besides the therapeutic purpose, it is... (Review)
Review
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean region and cultivated around the world. Besides the therapeutic purpose, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. R. officinalis L. is constituted by bioactive molecules, the phytocompounds, responsible for implement several pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antitumor and protective, inhibitory and attenuating activities. Thus, in vivo and in vitro studies were presented in this Review, approaching the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of R. officinalis L. on some physiological disorders caused by biochemical, chemical or biological agents. In this way, methodology, mechanisms, results, and conclusions were described. The main objective of this study was showing that plant products could be equivalent to the available medicines.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Humans; Oils, Volatile; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Protective Agents; Rosmarinus
PubMed: 30621719
DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0499-8 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... May 2022Aggrandized technological and industrial progression in past decades have occasioned immense depreciation in the quality of environment and ecosystem, majorly due to... (Review)
Review
Aggrandized technological and industrial progression in past decades have occasioned immense depreciation in the quality of environment and ecosystem, majorly due to augmentation in the number of obnoxious pollutants incessantly being released in soil, water or air. Arsenic (As) is one such hazardous metalloid contaminating the environment which has the potential to detrimentally affect the life on earth. Even in minute quantity, As is known to cause various critical diseases in humans and toxicity in plants. Recent studies on nanoparticles (NPs) approve of their ability to qualify the criterion of becoming a potent tool for mitigating As-induced phytotoxicity. Nanoparticles are reported to promote plant growth under As-stress by stimulating various alterations at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. In this review, we provide an up-to-date compilation of research that has been carried out in comprehending the mechanisms utilized by nanoparticles including controlled As uptake and distribution in plants, maintenance of ROS homeostasis during stress and chelation and vacuolar sequestration of As so as to reduce the severity of toxicity induced by As, and potential areas of research in this field will also be indicated for future perspectives.
Topics: Arsenic; Arsenic Poisoning; Ecosystem; Humans; Nanoparticles; Protective Agents; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 35077838
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118887 -
Critical Care Medicine Jun 2022
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Protective Agents; Sepsis
PubMed: 35612442
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005480 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021Mibyou, or pre-symptomatic diseases, refers to state of health in which a disease is slowly developing within the body yet the symptoms are not apparent. Common examples... (Review)
Review
Mibyou, or pre-symptomatic diseases, refers to state of health in which a disease is slowly developing within the body yet the symptoms are not apparent. Common examples of mibyou in modern medicine include inflammatory diseases that are caused by chronic inflammation. It is known that chronic inflammation is triggered by the uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines by neutrophils and macrophages in the innate immune system. In a recent study, it was shown that molecular hydrogen (H) has the ability to treat chronic inflammation by eliminating hydroxyl radicals (·OH), a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). In doing so, H suppresses oxidative stress, which is implicated in several mechanisms at the root of chronic inflammation, including the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. This review explains these mechanisms by which H can suppress chronic inflammation and studies its applications as a protective agent against different inflammatory diseases in their pre-symptomatic state. While mibyou cannot be detected nor treated by modern medicine, H is able to suppress the pathogenesis of pre-symptomatic diseases, and thus exhibits prospects as a novel protective agent.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Asymptomatic Diseases; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Free Radical Scavengers; Hepatitis; Humans; Hydrogen; Hypertension; Inflammation; Models, Biological; Neoplasms; Oxidative Stress; Parkinson Disease; Protective Agents; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 34281264
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137211 -
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety Aug 2020Cilastatin, a dehydropeptidase I inhibitor, has been used alongside imipenem, a broad spectrum antibiotic, in order to reduce its renal metabolism, consequently... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Cilastatin, a dehydropeptidase I inhibitor, has been used alongside imipenem, a broad spectrum antibiotic, in order to reduce its renal metabolism, consequently increasing its urinary recovery and effectiveness for many years. However, this measure could be useful in preventing imipenem-induced renal damage and decreasing the number of nephrotoxicity reports with imipenem. In this review, the authors gathered all available studies focusing on cilastatin use as a nephroprotective agent, beside well-known nephrotoxic medications like vancomycin, cisplatin, cyclosporine, or tacrolimus.
AREAS COVERED
PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Medline databases were searched using key words like 'cilastatin,' 'nephroprotective,' 'nephroprotection,' 'vancomycin,' 'nephrotoxicity,' 'cisplatin,' 'cyclosporine,' 'tacrolimus,' and 'prevention' with varying combinations. All relevant animal and human studies up to the date of publication were included.
EXPERT OPINION
It seems that cilastatin could potentially be effective against drug-induced nephrotoxicity via mechanisms such as reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, P-glycoprotein suppression, and morphological changes of renal cells. Nearly all the in vitro, in vivo and human studies have supported this hypothesis. Though since cilastatin protective effect has not extensively been researched in humans, its efficacy and widespread use with other nephrotoxic agents is yet to be defined in large well-designed human studies.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cilastatin; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Protease Inhibitors; Protective Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 32666842
DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1796967 -
Molecular Medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) Mar 2022Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is a more severe form of ALI, are life-threatening clinical syndromes observed in critically ill... (Review)
Review
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is a more severe form of ALI, are life-threatening clinical syndromes observed in critically ill patients. Treatment methods to alleviate the pathogenesis of ALI have improved to a great extent at present. Although the efficacy of these therapies is limited, their relevance has increased remarkably with the ongoing pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes severe respiratory distress syndrome. Several studies have demonstrated the preventive and therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen in the various diseases. The biological effects of molecular hydrogen mainly involve anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and autophagy and cell death modulation. This review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen on ALI and its underlying mechanisms and aims to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of ALI and COVID-19.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Humans; Hydrogen; Protective Agents; Sepsis; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35240982
DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00455-y -
Peptides Feb 2020Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) continue to be the most frequent cause of damaged tissues. Injured tissues resulted from the first ischemic insult, which is determined by the... (Review)
Review
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) continue to be the most frequent cause of damaged tissues. Injured tissues resulted from the first ischemic insult, which is determined by the interruption in the blood supply, followed by subsequent impairment induced by reperfusion. In addition, ischemia-reperfusion injury is mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and other cytokines that activate complements and proteases responsible for free radical production. However, earlier studies have reported the protective roles of bioactive peptides during ischemia reperfusion injury. In fact, ghrelin is a peptide hormone discovered since 1999 as GH secretagogue and its production was identified in gastric X/A-like endocrine cells in rats and P/D1 type cells in humans. To date, this peptide receives growing attention due to its pleiotropic action in the organism and its role in maintaining energy homeostasis. Ghrelin is also involved in stress responses, assuming a modulatory action on immune pathways. Previous studies have identified many other functions related to an anti-inflammatory role in ischemia reperfusion injury. Under these challenging conditions, studies described acylated and unacylated ghrelin in activation and/or inhibition processes related to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this article is to provide a minireview about ghrelin mechanisms involved in the proinflammatory response of I/R injury. However, the regulatory processes of ghrelin in this pathologic event are still very limited and warrant further investigation.
Topics: Animals; Female; Ghrelin; Humans; Male; Protective Agents; Reperfusion Injury
PubMed: 31786283
DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170226 -
Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene... 2018Over the past few decades, caffeine has been well recognized as a stimulant whose effects can be detected particularly in the central nervous system. A stimulating... (Review)
Review
Over the past few decades, caffeine has been well recognized as a stimulant whose effects can be detected particularly in the central nervous system. A stimulating effect of caffeine has been found useful in treating patients with many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is reported to be a rapidly increasing public health problem with lack of a remedial treatment. However, the assumed protective effects of caffeine against AD are of huge interest. This study substantiates caffeine's role as a potential prevention agent against AD through several epidemiological studies. More than 75% of available study reports support the opinion that caffeine has a favorable effect against cognitive decline and AD. Moreover, other studies have discussed the effect of caffeine drinking and concluded several positive effects on cognitive functioning. The present study, however, focuses more on the potential mechanisms by which caffeine diminishes effects as well as delays the onset of AD.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Protective Agents
PubMed: 29773015
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2018021391 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Sep 2021Quercetin is the major representative of the flavonoid subgroup of flavones, with good pharmacological activities for the treatment of liver diseases, including liver... (Review)
Review
Quercetin is the major representative of the flavonoid subgroup of flavones, with good pharmacological activities for the treatment of liver diseases, including liver steatosis, fatty hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. It can significantly influence the development of liver diseases via multiple targets and multiple pathways via antifat accumulation, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity, as well as the inhibition of cellular apoptosis and proliferation. Despite extensive research on understanding the mechanism of quercetin in the treatment of liver diseases, there are still no targeted therapies available. Thus, we have comprehensively searched and summarized the different targets of quercetin in different stages of liver diseases and concluded that quercetin inhibited inflammation of the liver mainly through NF-κB/TLR/NLRP3, reduced PI3K/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress, mTOR activation in autophagy, and inhibited the expression of apoptotic factors associated with the development of liver diseases. In addition, quercetin showed different mechanisms of action at different stages of liver diseases, including the regulation of PPAR, UCP, and PLIN2-related factors via brown fat activation in liver steatosis. The compound inhibited stromal ECM deposition at the liver fibrosis stage, affecting TGF1β, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs), and apoptosis. While at the final liver cancer stage, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and spread via the hTERT, MEK1/ERK1/2, Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, quercetin is an effective liver protectant. We hope to explore the pathogenesis of quercetin in different stages of liver diseases through the review, so as to provide more accurate targets and theoretical basis for further research of quercetin in the treatment of liver diseases.
Topics: Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Humans; Liver Diseases; Protective Agents; Quercetin; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34159683
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7104 -
Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju Dec 2016Ectoine is a compatible water molecule-binding solute (osmoprotectant) produced by several bacterial species in response to osmotic stress and unfavourable environmental... (Review)
Review
Ectoine is a compatible water molecule-binding solute (osmoprotectant) produced by several bacterial species in response to osmotic stress and unfavourable environmental conditions. This amino acid derivative can accumulate inside cells at high concentrations without interfering with natural processes and can protect the cell against radiation or osmotic stress. This brief review presents the current state of knowledge about the effects of ectoine on animals and focuses on its practical use for enzyme stabilisation, human skin protection, anti-inflammatory treatment, inhibitory effects in neurodegenerative diseases, and other therapeutic potential in human or veterinary medicine.
Topics: Amino Acids, Diamino; Animals; Cell Membrane; Humans; Osmotic Pressure; Protective Agents; Radiation Injuries
PubMed: 28033102
DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2837