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Progress in Food & Nutrition Science 1975
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amino Acids, Essential; Child; Child, Preschool; Dietary Proteins; Edema; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kwashiorkor; Nitrogen; Nutritional Requirements; Pellagra; Protein Deficiency; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Serum Albumin; Syndrome
PubMed: 823603
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Nursing Jul 1956
Topics: Protein Deficiency
PubMed: 13326949
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine Aug 2015An optimal protein intake is important for the preservation of muscle mass, functionality, and quality of life in older persons. In recent years, new recommendations... (Review)
Review
An optimal protein intake is important for the preservation of muscle mass, functionality, and quality of life in older persons. In recent years, new recommendations regarding the optimal intake of protein in this population have been published. Based on the available scientific literature, 1.0 to 1.2 g protein/kg body weight (BW)/d are recommended in healthy older adults. In certain disease states, a daily protein intake of more than 1.2 g/kg BW may be required. The distribution of protein intake over the day, the amount per meal, and the amino acid profile of proteins are also discussed.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Dietary Proteins; Fractures, Stress; Humans; Motor Activity; Muscle Strength; Nutritional Requirements; Osteoporosis; Protein Deficiency
PubMed: 26195093
DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2015.04.002 -
Nutrition Reviews Nov 2017Protein malnutrition is one of the most serious nutritional problems worldwide, affecting 794 million people and costing up to $3.5 trillion annually in the global... (Review)
Review
Protein malnutrition is one of the most serious nutritional problems worldwide, affecting 794 million people and costing up to $3.5 trillion annually in the global economy. Protein malnutrition primarily affects children, the elderly, and hospitalized patients. Different degrees of protein deficiency lead to a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms of protein malnutrition, especially in organs in which the hematopoietic system is characterized by a high rate of protein turnover and, consequently, a high rate of protein renewal and cellular proliferation. Here, the current scientific information about protein malnutrition and its effects on the hematopoietic process is reviewed. The production of hematopoietic cells is described, with special attention given to the hematopoietic microenvironment and the development of stem cells. Advances in the study of hematopoiesis in protein malnutrition are also summarized. Studies of protein malnutrition in vitro, in animal models, and in humans demonstrate several alterations that impair hematopoiesis, such as structural changes in the extracellular matrix, the hematopoietic stem cell niche, the spleen, the thymus, and bone marrow stromal cells; changes in mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells; increased autophagy; G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest of progenitor hematopoietic cells; and functional alterations in leukocytes. Structural and cellular changes of the hematopoietic microenvironment in protein malnutrition contribute to bone marrow atrophy and nonestablishment of hematopoietic stem cells, resulting in impaired homeostasis and an impaired immune response.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hematopoietic System; Humans; Protein Deficiency
PubMed: 29025154
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux041 -
Lakartidningen May 2018There is a widespread myth that we have to be careful about what we eat so that we do not cause protein deficiency. We know today that it is virtually impossible to...
There is a widespread myth that we have to be careful about what we eat so that we do not cause protein deficiency. We know today that it is virtually impossible to design a calorie-sufficient diet, whether it is based on meat, fish, eggs, various vegetarian diets or even unprocessed whole natural plant foods, which is lacking in protein and any of the amino acids. The body is capable of taking incomplete proteins and making them complete by utilizing the amino acid recycling mechanism. The majority of amino acids absorbed from the intestinal tract are derived from recycled body protein. Research shows that high levels of animal protein intake may significantly increase the risk of premature mortality from all causes, among them cardiovascular diseases, cancer and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Diet, High-Protein; Diet, Vegan; Fishes; Humans; Nutrition Policy; Protein Deficiency
PubMed: 29786804
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition... Jan 2018The growing obesity epidemic is associated with an increased demand for bariatric surgery with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy as the most widely... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The growing obesity epidemic is associated with an increased demand for bariatric surgery with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy as the most widely performed procedures. Despite beneficial consequences, nutritional complications may arise because of anatomical and physiological changes of the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this review is to provide an update of the recent additions to our understanding of the impact of bariatric surgery on the intake, digestion and absorption of dietary protein.
RECENT FINDINGS
After bariatric surgery, protein intake is compromised because of reduced gastric capacity and aversion for certain foods. A minority of patients reaches the recommended protein intake of minimal 60 g per day, which results in the loss of fat-free mass rather than the desired loss of fat mass. Despite inadequate protein intake, protein digestion and absorption do not seem to be impaired suggesting that other mechanisms could counteract the reduced secretion of digestive enzymes and their delayed inlet.
SUMMARY
After bariatric surgery, protein supplementation or diet enrichment could attribute to achieve the minimal recommended protein intake and benefit the amount and composition of postoperative weight loss.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Combined Modality Therapy; Diet, High-Protein; Diet, Reducing; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Obesity, Morbid; Postoperative Complications; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Protein Deficiency; Risk; Weight Loss
PubMed: 29035973
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000437 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Feb 2019CC16 (club cell secretory protein-16), a member of the secretoglobin family, is one of the most abundant proteins in normal airway secretions and has been described as a...
RATIONALE
CC16 (club cell secretory protein-16), a member of the secretoglobin family, is one of the most abundant proteins in normal airway secretions and has been described as a serum biomarker for obstructive lung diseases.
OBJECTIVES
To determine whether low CC16 is a marker for airway pathology or is implicated in the pathophysiology of progressive airway damage in these conditions.
METHODS
Using human data from the birth cohort of the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study, we examined the relation of circulating CC16 levels with pulmonary function and responses to bronchial methacholine challenge from childhood up to age 32 years. In wild-type and CC16 mice, we set out to comprehensively examine pulmonary physiology, inflammation, and remodeling in the naive airway.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
We observed that Tucson Children's Respiratory Study participants in the lowest tertile of serum CC16 had significant deficits in their lung function and enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine challenge from 11 years throughout young adult life. Similarly, CC16 mice had significant deficits in lung function and enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine as compared with wild-type mice, which were independent of inflammation and mucin production. As compared with wild-type mice, CC16 mice had significantly elevated gene expression of procollagen type I, procollagen type III, and α-smooth muscle actin, areas of pronounced collagen deposition and significantly enhanced smooth muscle thickness.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support clinical observations by providing evidence that lack of CC16 in the lung results in dramatically altered pulmonary function and structural alterations consistent with enhanced remodeling.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Biomarkers; Child; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Mice; Protein Deficiency; Uteroglobin; Young Adult
PubMed: 30543455
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1345OC -
Lancet (London, England) Jul 1972
Topics: Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Proteins; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Kwashiorkor; Nutrition Disorders; Protein Deficiency; Protein-Energy Malnutrition
PubMed: 4114230
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)91660-1 -
Lancet (London, England) Jun 1972
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Nutrition Disorders; Protein Deficiency; Protein-Energy Malnutrition
PubMed: 4113415
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)91051-3 -
Vaccine Oct 2018Low efficacy of rotavirus (RV) vaccines in developing African and Asian countries, where malnutrition is prevalent, remains a major concern and a challenge for global...
BACKGROUND
Low efficacy of rotavirus (RV) vaccines in developing African and Asian countries, where malnutrition is prevalent, remains a major concern and a challenge for global health.
METHODS
To understand the effects of protein malnutrition on RV vaccine efficacy, we elucidated the innate, T cell and cytokine immune responses to attenuated human RV (AttHRV) vaccine and virulent human RV (VirHRV) challenge in germ-free (GF) pigs or human infant fecal microbiota (HIFM) transplanted gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs fed protein-deficient or -sufficient bovine milk diets. We also analyzed serum levels of tryptophan (TRP), a predictor of malnutrition, and kynurenine (KYN).
RESULTS
Protein-deficient pigs vaccinated with oral AttHRV vaccine had lower protection rates against diarrhea post-VirHRV challenge and significantly increased fecal virus shedding titers (HIFM transplanted but not GF pigs) compared with their protein-sufficient counterparts. Reduced vaccine efficacy in protein-deficient pigs coincided with altered serum IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-12 and IFN-γ responses to oral AttHRV vaccine and the suppression of multiple innate immune parameters and HRV-specific IFN-γ producing T cells post-challenge. In protein-deficient HIFM transplanted pigs, decreased serum KYN, but not TRP levels were observed throughout the experiment, suggesting an association between the altered TRP metabolism and immune responses.
CONCLUSION
Collectively, our findings confirm the negative effects of protein deficiency, which were exacerbated in the HIFM transplanted pigs, on innate, T cell and cytokine immune responses to HRV and on vaccine efficacy, as well as on TRP-KYN metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Feces; Germ-Free Life; Humans; Infant; Microbiota; Protein Deficiency; Rotavirus; Rotavirus Vaccines; Swine; Tryptophan; Vaccines, Attenuated
PubMed: 30219368
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.008