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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 2018species, members of the family, are usually considered commensals in the gut and are most commonly recognized clinically as a cause of urinary tract infections.... (Review)
Review
species, members of the family, are usually considered commensals in the gut and are most commonly recognized clinically as a cause of urinary tract infections. However, the recent identification of spp. as potential pathogens in Crohn's disease recurrence after intestinal resection serves as a stimulus to examine their potential role as gut pathogens. species possess many virulence factors potentially relevant to gastrointestinal pathogenicity, including motility; adherence; the production of urease, hemolysins, and IgA proteases; and the ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. Gastrointestinal conditions that have been linked to include gastroenteritis (spontaneous and foodborne), nosocomial infections, appendicitis, colonization of devices such as nasogastric tubes, and Crohn's disease. The association of species with Crohn's disease was particularly strong. species are low-abundance commensals of the human gut that harbor significant pathogenic potential; further investigation is needed.
Topics: Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Proteus; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 29899011
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00085-17 -
Chemical Reviews Jan 2011
Review
Topics: Aggression; Bacterial Proteins; Models, Biological; Proteus; Territoriality
PubMed: 21162556
DOI: 10.1021/cr100051v -
Microbial Ecology Nov 2016Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into... (Review)
Review
Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus penneri, Proteus hauseri, and three unnamed genomospecies 4, 5, and 6 and consists of 80 O-antigenic serogroups. The bacteria are known to be human opportunistic pathogens, isolated from urine, wounds, and other clinical sources. It is postulated that intestines are a reservoir of these proteolytic organisms. Many wild and domestic animals may be hosts of Proteus spp. bacteria, which are commonly known to play a role of parasites or commensals. However, interesting examples of their symbiotic relationships with higher organisms have also been described. Proteus spp. bacteria present in soil or water habitats are often regarded as indicators of fecal pollution, posing a threat of poisoning when the contaminated water or seafood is consumed. The health risk may also be connected with drug-resistant strains sourcing from intestines. Positive aspects of the bacteria presence in water and soil are connected with exceptional features displayed by autochthonic Proteus spp. strains detected in these environments. These rods acquire various metabolic abilities allowing their adaptation to different environmental conditions, such as high concentrations of heavy metals or toxic substances, which may be exploited as sources of energy and nutrition by the bacteria. The Proteus spp. abilities to tolerate or utilize polluting compounds as well as promote plant growth provide a possibility of employing these microorganisms in bioremediation and environmental protection.
Topics: Animals; Environment; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Houseflies; Humans; Insect Vectors; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Soil Microbiology; Virulence Factors; Water Microbiology; Water Pollution
PubMed: 26748500
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0720-6 -
Postepy Higieny I Medycyny... 2007In this article, different aspects of virulence factors of Proteus bacilii (P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. penneri i P. hauseri) are presented. These are opportunistic... (Review)
Review
In this article, different aspects of virulence factors of Proteus bacilii (P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. penneri i P. hauseri) are presented. These are opportunistic pathogens that cause different kinds of infections, most frequently of the urinary tract. These bacteria have developed several virulence factors, such as adherence due to the presence of fimbriae or afimbrial adhesins, invasiveness, swarming phenomenon, hemolytic activity, urea hydrolysis, proteolysis, and endotoxicity. Below we focus on data concerning the molecular basis of the pathogenicity of Proteus bacilli.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Carbohydrate Sequence; Catheters, Indwelling; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Mice; O Antigens; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Rabbits; Species Specificity; Urinary Tract Infections; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 17507868
DOI: No ID Found -
Medizinische Monatsschrift Fur... Oct 1997
Review
Topics: Humans; Opportunistic Infections; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Risk Factors; Virulence
PubMed: 9411178
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica... 2000The genus Proteus belongs to the tribe of Proteae in the family of Enterobacteriaceae, and consists of five species: P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. morganii, P. penneri... (Review)
Review
The genus Proteus belongs to the tribe of Proteae in the family of Enterobacteriaceae, and consists of five species: P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. morganii, P. penneri and P. myxofaciens. They are distinguished from the rest of Enterobacteriaceae by their ability to deaminate phenylalanine and tryptophane. They hydrolyze urea and gelatin and fail to ferment lactose, mannose, dulcitol and malonate; and do not form lysine and arginine decarboxylase or beta-galactosidase [1]. Colonies produce distinct "burned chocolate" odor and frequently show the characteristics of swarming motility on solid media. P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris and P. morganii are widely recognized human pathogens. They have been isolated from urinary tract infections, wounds, ear, and nosocomial bacteremic infections, often in immuncompromised patients [2-6]. P. myxofaciens has no clinical interest to this time. P. penneri as species nova was nominated by the recommendation of Hickman and co-workers [7]. Formerly it was recognized as P. vulgaris biogroup 1 or indole negative P. vulgaris [8, 9]. Although it has been less commonly isolated from clinical samples than the other three human pathogenic Proteus species, it has nevertheless been connected with infections of the urinary tract, wounds and has been isolated from the feces of both healthy and diarrheic individuals [10-12]. Potential virulence factors responsible for virulence of Proteae are: IgA protease, urease, type3 fimbriae associated with MR/K haemagglutinins of at least two antigenic types, endotoxin, swarming motility and HlyA and/or HpmA type hemolysins [for review see ref. 13]. In the followings we give a survey of accumulated concepts about the position and characteristics of HlyA type alpha-hemolysins both in general and with emphasis on virulence functions in the tribe of Proteae.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Escherichia coli Proteins; Hemolysin Proteins; Proteus
PubMed: 11056765
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Systematic and... Feb 2018A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacillus, strain 08MAS2615, was isolated from the flesh of a pigeon specimen collected in Ma'anshan, Anhui province, China....
A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacillus, strain 08MAS2615, was isolated from the flesh of a pigeon specimen collected in Ma'anshan, Anhui province, China. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain 08MAS2615 belonged to the genus Proteus, and formed an independent branch which was clearly separated from the other six known species of Proteus. Strain 08MAS2615 was more closely related to Proteus vulgaris ATCC 29905 and Proteus penneri NCTC 12737 than other Proteus species. Similar independent phylogenetic results were obtained using rpoB gene sequence analysis, whereas strain 08MAS2615 clustered near the species of Proteus cibarius JS9 and Proteus terrae N5/687. Furthermore, the genome-wide core-single nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogenetic tree confirmed that strain 08MAS2615 formed a monophyletic and robust clade. Based on whole-genome sequences, the range of in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity between strain 08MAS2615 and the six Proteus species were 25.5-48.8 % and 82.8-92.9 %, respectively, less than the proposed cutoff level for species delineation, i.e. 70 and 95 %. In addition, the major cellular fatty acid profile of strain 08MAS2615 was C14 : 0 (12.4 %), C16 : 0 (23.8 %), C17 : 0cyclo (14.4 %), summed feature 2 (C16 : 1iso I/C14 : 0 3-OH) (11.0 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/16 : 1ω6c) (18.5 %) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c) (18.6 %). On the basis of these results, strain 08MAS2615 represents a novel species of the genus Proteus, for which the name Proteuscolumbae sp. nov. is proposed with strain 08MAS2615 (=DSM 104686=CGMCC 1.15982) designated as the species type strain.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Columbidae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Proteus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 29297845
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002541 -
Innate Immunity Feb 2011This review is devoted to structural and serological characteristics of the O-antigens (O-polysaccharides) of the lipopolysaccharides of various Proteus species, which... (Review)
Review
This review is devoted to structural and serological characteristics of the O-antigens (O-polysaccharides) of the lipopolysaccharides of various Proteus species, which provide the basis for classifying Proteus strains to O-serogroups. The antigenic relationships of Proteus strains within and beyond the genus as well as their O-antigen-related bioactivities are also discussed.
Topics: Carbohydrate Sequence; Cross Reactions; Molecular Sequence Data; O Antigens; Proteus
PubMed: 20305038
DOI: 10.1177/1753425909360668 -
Annual Review of Microbiology 1972
Review
Topics: Amino Acids; Azides; Bacteriocins; Bacteriophages; Cell Division; Colicins; Conjugation, Genetic; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Flagella; Genetics, Microbial; L Forms; Lactose; Lysogeny; Mutation; Proteus; Streptomycin; Sucrose; Transduction, Genetic; Transformation, Genetic
PubMed: 4562811
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.mi.26.100172.000323 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Apr 2018Two strains of Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic short-rod bacteria were recovered from two different food samples in Ma'anshan city, Anhui province, China in...
Two strains of Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic short-rod bacteria were recovered from two different food samples in Ma'anshan city, Anhui province, China in 2008. The bacteria were characterized in a polyphasic taxonomic study that included phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic methodologies. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that the two strains belonged to the genus Proteus and were most similar to Proteus vulgaris ATCC 29905 with a score of 99.7 %. Phylogenetic analysis of the rpoB gene placed the two strains into a cluster with a distinctly interspecies phylogenetic branch that was clearly separated from six type strains of the genus Proteus, with the most closely related species being Proteus mirabilis ATCC 29906. In silico genomic comparisons, including in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis showed that the representative strain, 08MAS0041, and all six Proteus species share less than 70 % isDDH and have a 95 % ANI cutoff level, supporting the designation of the two strains as a novel species of the genus Proteus. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain 08MAS0041 were C16 : 0 (24.8 %), C16 : 1ω7c/16 : 1ω6c (16.5 %), C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c (14.5 %), C17 : 0 cyclo (12.6 %) and C16 : 1iso I/C14 : 0 3-OH (10.6 %). The analysis of biochemical, phylogenetic and genomic data confirmed that the two strains were clearly different from all recognized species of the genus Proteus and represent a novel Proteus species, for which the name Proteus alimentorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 08MAS0041 (=DSM 104685=CGMCC 1.15939).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nephropidae; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Proteus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Red Meat; Seafood; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Swine
PubMed: 29509133
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002689