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Carbohydrate Research Oct 2013Proteus penneri, like the other seven species from the genus, are Gram-negative, peritrichously flagellated rods capable of swarming growth on humid solid media. These... (Review)
Review
Proteus penneri, like the other seven species from the genus, are Gram-negative, peritrichously flagellated rods capable of swarming growth on humid solid media. These bacteria are human opportunistic pathogens involved in many infections but they mainly affect the urinary tract of hospitalized, long-term catheterized patients. P. penneri rods produce a lot of virulence factors, among which the lipopolysaccharide seems to be the most interesting due to its structural and serological diversity. From the three LPS regions of P. penneri strains only the core region and O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) were structurally and serologically examined. P. penneri LPS core region is characterized by a common inner part representing the III glycoform and a diverse distal part (12 different structures). The P. penneri O-antigens contain sugar and non-sugar compounds and some of them rarely occur in nature. In both P. penneri LPS regions putative epitopes have been pointed out. Serospecificity of OPS allowed classifying many P. penneri isolates to different Proteus sp. O-serogroups, among which 12 contain P. penneri strains only.
Topics: Animals; Carbohydrate Sequence; Environment; Humans; Immunochemistry; Lipopolysaccharides; Molecular Sequence Data; Proteus; Vaccination; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 23896159
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.06.025 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Oct 2006Proteus penneri, formerly P. vulgaris biogroup 1, was recognized as a new species in 1982. This species is associated with clinical processes similar to those involving...
Proteus penneri, formerly P. vulgaris biogroup 1, was recognized as a new species in 1982. This species is associated with clinical processes similar to those involving P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris and expresses similar pathogenic determinants. In clinical samples, P. penneri is mainly isolated from urine (50%), wound and soft tissue exudates (25%), and blood cultures (15%), mostly of nosocomial origin. Although P. penneri is easy to identify, it can be misidentified as P. vulgaris by automatic systems that do not include the indol test result in the identification process. This species has a characteristic susceptibility profile, essentially due to the production of the chromosomal inducible beta-lactamase HugA, which presents a high homology (86%) with CumA from P. vulgaris. HugA is inhibited by clavulanic acid and determines resistance to aminopenicillins and first- and second-generation cephalosporins, including cefuroxime, but does not affect cephamycins or carbapenems, and is inhibited by clavulanic acid. HugA is derepressed due to mutational processes in gene regulators, affecting the activity of cefotaxime and, to a much lesser extent, that of ceftazidime and aztreonam. This phenotype resembles the production of an extended spectrum beta-lactamase. Like other Proteus species, P. penneri is resistant to tetracyclines and should be considered resistant to nitrofurantoin.
Topics: Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Proteus Infections; Proteus penneri
PubMed: 17125662
DOI: 10.1157/13094272 -
Medical Microbiology and Immunology Dec 2016The frequency of P. penneri isolation from hospital patients, mostly from urine and wounds, keeps on growing, and numerous isolates are multi-drug resistant. P. penneri...
The frequency of P. penneri isolation from hospital patients, mostly from urine and wounds, keeps on growing, and numerous isolates are multi-drug resistant. P. penneri rods produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which may lead to the septic shock. Until now, O-specific polysaccharide has been the best structurally and serologically characterized region of P. penneri LPS. It is worth having an insight into the serological specificity of both poly- and oligosaccharide parts of P. penneri LPS. The P. penneri core region is less structurally diverse than OPS, but still, among other enterobacterial LPS core regions, it is characterized by structural variability. In the present study, the serological reactivity of 25 P. penneri LPS core regions was analyzed by ELISA, passive immunohemolysis and Western blot technique using five polyclonal P. penneri antisera after or without their adsorption with the respective LPSs. The results allowed the assignment of the tested strains to five new core serotypes, which together with published serological studies led to the creation of the first serotyping scheme based on LPS core reactivities of 35 P. penneri and three P. mirabilis strains. Together with the O types scheme, it will facilitate assigning Proteus LPSs of clinical isolates into appropriate O and R serotypes.
Topics: Animals; Epitopes; Immune Sera; Lipopolysaccharides; Proteus penneri; Rabbits; Serogroup; Serotyping; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 27469376
DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0468-8 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 1987Ten strains of Proteus penneri isolated from geographically diverse laboratories were tested for urease activity. Cell lysates from urea-induced cells had a mean... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Ten strains of Proteus penneri isolated from geographically diverse laboratories were tested for urease activity. Cell lysates from urea-induced cells had a mean activity of 4.9 +/- 4.1 mumol of NH3 per min per mg of protein. On nondenaturing 6% polyacrylamide activity gels, the enzymes of P. penneri had very similar electrophoretic mobilities within species and within the Proteus genus but were distinct from the ureases of Providencia and Morganella species. On lower-percentage polyacrylamide, differences in mobilities of the ureases could be detected between the Proteus species. From representative strains, the P. penneri urease was found to be inducible by growth in urea and had an apparent molecular weight of 246,000 +/- 9,000, an isoelectric point of 5.1, and a Km for urea of 14 mM and was inhibitable by acetohydroxamic acid, hydroxyurea, and EDTA. In an in vitro model of struvite formation, a P. penneri strain produced abundant crystals on a glass rod submerged in synthetic urine in the absence but not presence of acetohydroxamic acid (500 micrograms/ml).
Topics: Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Induction; Hydrolysis; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoelectric Point; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Proteus; Urea; Urease
PubMed: 3429622
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.25.12.2302-2305.1987 -
Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae... 2005Gram-negative bacteria of genus Proteus are common human intestinal and urinary tract pathogens. In the genus Proteus there are four clinically important named species:...
INTRODUCTION
Gram-negative bacteria of genus Proteus are common human intestinal and urinary tract pathogens. In the genus Proteus there are four clinically important named species: P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. penneri, and P. hauseri, and three unnamed Proteus genomospecies: 4, 5, and 6. The clinical significance of P. penneri, described in 1982 as a new species, is poorly documented. The aim of this work is serological characterization and classification of a ceftriaxone-susceptible P. penneri S29 strain isolated from a 34-year-old patient with postneurosurgical meningitis. In this characterization we will also include a ceftriaxonresistant strain, P. penneri R15, isolated from the same patient after 12 days' treatment with ceftriaxon and other antibiotics.
MATERIAL/METHODS
Rabbit polyclonal O-antisera were obtained against these two strains and purified and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were extracted from the bacterial mass of the P. penneri S29 and R15 strains. In the serological investigations the following tests were used: enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA), passive immunohemolysis (PIH), inhibition of these tests, absorption of rabbit O-antisera with the respective LPS, and repeated PIH, SDS/PAGE, and Western blot techniques.
RESULTS
The serological studies of the LPS extracted from both P. penneri strains showed the identity of both preparations of O-polysaccharides from LPS. In P. penneri S29 O-antiserum, four different types of antibodies were described and characterized.
CONCLUSIONS
Both investigated P. penneri S29 and R15 strains were classified to the Proteus O31ab serogroup.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Carbohydrate Sequence; Epitopes; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Molecular Sequence Data; Proteus Infections; Proteus penneri; Rabbits; Serotyping
PubMed: 16407787
DOI: No ID Found -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Feb 2014Bacteriosis has become a major economic problem in the farming of the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. However, no definitive data are available about Proteus...
Identification of a Proteus penneri isolate as the causal agent of red body disease of the cultured white shrimp Penaeus vannamei and its control with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.
Bacteriosis has become a major economic problem in the farming of the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. However, no definitive data are available about Proteus penneri infection in cultured P. vannamei and its control. In this study, a virulent strain NC was isolated from diseased P. vannamei suffering from red body disease and identified as a P. penneri isolate through phylogenetic analysis and ATB 32GN system. A phylogenetic constructed tree using the neighbour-joining method identified the NC isolate as a P. penneri strain. In addition, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus conferred significant protection against P. penneri: it exhibited significant bacteriolytic effects on the pathogenic P. penneri, had a wide prey range towards Proteus pathogens, and displayed a good protective efficacy on experimental P. penneri infection in P. vannamei. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of farmed P. vannamei infected with P. penneri and its control with B. bacteriovorus.
Topics: Animals; Antibiosis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteriolysis; Bdellovibrio; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Molecular Sequence Data; Penaeidae; Pest Control, Biological; Phylogeny; Proteus penneri; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 24271474
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0079-y -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Mar 2012Indole negative Proteus species are invariably incorrectly identified as P. mirabilis, missing isolates of Proteus penneri. P. penneri is an invasive pathogen capable of...
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES
Indole negative Proteus species are invariably incorrectly identified as P. mirabilis, missing isolates of Proteus penneri. P. penneri is an invasive pathogen capable of causing major infectious diseases still seldom reported in individual cases. We report here the isolation, differentiation, characterization and typing of P. penneri from patients with different clinical infections.
METHODS
Urine, pus and body fluids collected from patients in intensive care units, wards and out patients departments of a tertiary health care institute from north India were cultured. A total of 61 indole negative Proteus isolates were subjected to extended biochemical tests to differentiate and identify P. penneri from P. mirabilis including failure to produce ornithine decarboxylase (by 0% strains of P. penneri and 100% strains of P. mirabilis) besides P. penneri being uniformly salicin negative, non-utilizer of citrate but ferments sucrose and maltose. Antibiograms and Dienes phenomenon were performed to characterize and type P. penneri isolates besides screening for β-lactamase production.
RESULTS
Eight isolates of P. penneri were identified; four from urine, three from abdominal drain-fluid and one from diabetic foot ulcer. P. penneri was isolated as the sole pathogen in all patients having underlying disease; post-operatively. Swarming was not seen in the first strain on primary isolation and was poor in strain-4. All eight isolates were biochemically homologous but multi-drug resistant (MDR) with resistance to 6-8 drugs (up to 12). β-lactamase production was seen in three of five isolates while Dienes phenomenon found four distinct types and discriminated strains differing in resistance even with a single drug.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS
A few additional biochemical tests identified P. penneri isolates; it infected patients with underlying disease and strains were MDR and heterogenous.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Proteus Infections; Proteus penneri; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 22561620
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbial Ecology Nov 2016Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into... (Review)
Review
Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus penneri, Proteus hauseri, and three unnamed genomospecies 4, 5, and 6 and consists of 80 O-antigenic serogroups. The bacteria are known to be human opportunistic pathogens, isolated from urine, wounds, and other clinical sources. It is postulated that intestines are a reservoir of these proteolytic organisms. Many wild and domestic animals may be hosts of Proteus spp. bacteria, which are commonly known to play a role of parasites or commensals. However, interesting examples of their symbiotic relationships with higher organisms have also been described. Proteus spp. bacteria present in soil or water habitats are often regarded as indicators of fecal pollution, posing a threat of poisoning when the contaminated water or seafood is consumed. The health risk may also be connected with drug-resistant strains sourcing from intestines. Positive aspects of the bacteria presence in water and soil are connected with exceptional features displayed by autochthonic Proteus spp. strains detected in these environments. These rods acquire various metabolic abilities allowing their adaptation to different environmental conditions, such as high concentrations of heavy metals or toxic substances, which may be exploited as sources of energy and nutrition by the bacteria. The Proteus spp. abilities to tolerate or utilize polluting compounds as well as promote plant growth provide a possibility of employing these microorganisms in bioremediation and environmental protection.
Topics: Animals; Environment; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Houseflies; Humans; Insect Vectors; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Soil Microbiology; Virulence Factors; Water Microbiology; Water Pollution
PubMed: 26748500
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0720-6 -
Molecular Biotechnology Nov 2023Proteus penneri (P. penneri) is a bacillus-shaped, gram-negative, facultative anaerobe bacterium that is primarily an invasive pathogen and the etiological agent of...
Proteus penneri (P. penneri) is a bacillus-shaped, gram-negative, facultative anaerobe bacterium that is primarily an invasive pathogen and the etiological agent of several hospital-associated infections. P. penneri strains are naturally resistant to macrolides, amoxicillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, and cephalosporins; in addition, no vaccines are available against these strains. This warrants efforts to propose a theoretical based multi-epitope vaccine construct to prevent pathogen infections. In this research, reverse vaccinology bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approaches were adopted for vaccine target identification and construction of a multi-epitope vaccine. In the first phase, a core proteome dataset of the targeted pathogen was obtained using the NCBI database and subjected to bacterial pan-genome analysis using bacterial pan-genome analysis (BPGA) to predict core protein sequences which were then used to find good vaccine target candidates. This identified two proteins, Hcp family type VI secretion system effector and superoxide dismutase family protein, as promising vaccine targets. Afterward using the IEDB database, different B-cell and T-cell epitopes were predicted. A set of four epitopes "KGSVNVQDRE, NTGKLTGTR, IIHSDSWNER, and KDGKPVPALK" were chosen for the development of a multi-epitope vaccine construct. A 183 amino acid long vaccine design was built along with "EAAAK" and "GPGPG" linkers and a cholera toxin B-subunit adjuvant. The designed vaccine model comprised immunodominant, non-toxic, non-allergenic, and physicochemical stable epitopes. The model vaccine was docked with MHC-I, MHC-II, and TLR-4 immune cell receptors using the Cluspro2.0 web server. The binding energy score of the vaccine was - 654.7 kcal/mol for MHC-I, - 738.4 kcal/mol for MHC-II, and - 695.0 kcal/mol for TLR-4. A molecular dynamic simulation was done using AMBER v20 package for dynamic behavior in nanoseconds. Additionally, MM-PBSA binding free energy analysis was done to test intermolecular binding interactions between docked molecules. The MM-GBSA net binding energy score was - 148.00 kcal/mol, - 118.00 kcal/mol, and - 127.00 kcal/mol for vaccine with TLR-4, MHC-I, and MHC-II, respectively. Overall, these in silico-based predictions indicated that the vaccine is highly promising in terms of developing protective immunity against P. penneri. However, additional experimental validation is required to unveil the real immune response to the designed vaccine.
PubMed: 37934390
DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00949-y -
Carbohydrate Research Apr 2015Proteus penneri is an opportunistic pathogen, which may cause severe diseases, most frequently urinary tract infections in immunocompromised patients. P. penneri Br 114...
Proteus penneri is an opportunistic pathogen, which may cause severe diseases, most frequently urinary tract infections in immunocompromised patients. P. penneri Br 114 exhibiting a good swarming growth ability as an S-form strain was isolated from a wound of a patient in Łódź, Poland. Serological studies using ELISA and Western blotting and chemical analyses along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy showed that the O-antigen (O-polysaccharide) of this strain is unique among the known Proteus serotypes O1-O79. It possesses a linear pentasaccharide repeating unit containing a partially O-acetylated amide of D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) with L-serine having the following structure: [structure: see text]. These data are a basis for creating a new Proteus serogroup, O80, so far represented by the single Br 114 isolate. The O80 is the 21st O-serogroup containing P. penneri strains and the fourth serogroup based on Proteus spp. clinical isolates from Łódź, Poland.
Topics: Carbohydrate Sequence; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; O Antigens; Poland; Proteus Infections; Proteus penneri; Serotyping
PubMed: 25771295
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.02.003