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Cell Adhesion & Migration 2008The spreading of motile cells on a substrate surface is accompanied by reorganization of their actin network. We show that spreading in the highly motile cells of...
The spreading of motile cells on a substrate surface is accompanied by reorganization of their actin network. We show that spreading in the highly motile cells of Dictyostelium is non-monotonic, and thus differs from the passage of spreading cells through a regular series of stages. Quantification of the gain and loss of contact area revealed fluctuating forces of protrusion and retraction that dominate the interaction of Dictyostelium cells with a substrate. The molecular basis of these fluctuations is elucidated by dual-fluorescence labeling of filamentous actin together with proteins that highlight specific activities in the actin system. Front-to-tail polarity is established by the sorting out of myosin-II from regions where dense actin assemblies are accumulating. Myosin-IB identifies protruding front regions, and the Arp2/3 complex localizes to lamellipodia protruded from the fronts. Coronin is used as a sensitive indicator of actin disassembly to visualize the delicate balance of polymerization and depolymerization in spreading cells. Short-lived actin patches that co-localize with clathrin suggest that membrane internalization occurs even when the substrate-attached cell surface expands. We conclude that non-monotonic cell spreading is characterized by spatiotemporal patterns formed by motor proteins together with regulatory proteins that either promote or terminate actin polymerization on the scale of seconds.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex; Actins; Animals; Cell Adhesion; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Movement; Clathrin; Cytoskeleton; Dictyostelium; Myosin Type I; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 19262103
DOI: 10.4161/cam.2.2.6190 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2017Ion concentration polarization (ICP) is a fundamental electrokinetic process that occurs near a perm-selective membrane under dc bias. Overall process highly depends on...
Ion concentration polarization (ICP) is a fundamental electrokinetic process that occurs near a perm-selective membrane under dc bias. Overall process highly depends on the current transportation mechanisms such as electro-convection, surface conduction and diffusioosmosis and the fundamental characteristics can be significantly altered by external parameters, once the permselectivity was fixed. In this work, a new ICP device with a bifurcated current path as for the enhancement of the surface conduction was fabricated using a polymeric nanoporous material. It was protruded to the middle of a microchannel, while the material was exactly aligned at the interface between two microchannels in a conventional ICP device. Rigorous experiments revealed out that the propagation of ICP layer was initiated from the different locations of the protruded membrane according to the dominant current path which was determined by a bulk electrolyte concentration. Since the enhancement of surface conduction maintained the stability of ICP process, a strong electrokinetic flow associated with the amplified electric field inside ICP layer was significantly suppressed over the protruded membrane even at condensed limit. As a practical example of utilizing the protruded device, we successfully demonstrated a non-destructive micro/nanofluidic preconcentrator of fragile cellular species (i.e. red blood cells).
PubMed: 28698651
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04646-0 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Jun 2019Factors affecting the attractiveness of soft-tissue profile have been assessed in only a few studies, with limited methodologies (such as few variables, small sample...
INTRODUCTION
Factors affecting the attractiveness of soft-tissue profile have been assessed in only a few studies, with limited methodologies (such as few variables, small sample sizes) and bivariable analyses. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate esthetic factors of profile silhouettes among a long list of cephalometric variables with the use of multivariable analyses for the first time.
METHODS
Profile silhouettes of 70 Iranians (35 men and 35 women) with Class I/good occlusions and balanced faces were rated twice by 10 Iranian laypersons, and were given overall profile beauty scores (from 10 to 50). After careful landmark identification by 3 orthodontists, unrepeated cephalometric measurements (from Holdaway, Ricketts, Z-Merrifield, Epker, and Legan-Burstone analyses) were traced twice on all cephalographs. The effects of these variables (plus sex and age) on profile beauty scores were assessed with the use of Pearson coefficient and multiple linear regression. Cephalometric characteristics of Persian attractive profiles (scores from 40 to 50) were compared with Caucasian orthodontic norms (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
The following variables were significant in the best models: soft-tissue facial angle (β = -0.348, P = 0.016), nose prominence (β = -0.245; P = 0.044), skeletal profile convexity (β = 0.255; P = 0.052), upper lip curvature (β = 0.405; P = 0.042), nasolabial angle (β = 0.546; P = 0.000), nasofacial angle (β = 0.259; P = 0.028), Z-angle (β = 0.557; P = 0.015), H-angle (β = -0.360; P = 0.013), upper lip to E-plane (β = 0.691; P = 0.001), lower lip to E-plane (β = -0.674; P = 0.002), Sn-lower lip (β = 0.338; P = 0.055), lower lip-menton (β = -0.299; P = 0.025), Sn FH-perp to upper lip (β = -0.425; P = 0.001), Sn-Stms:Stms-Me' (β = -0.372; P = 0.016), facial convexity angle (β = 0.710; P = 0.000), lower lip protrusion (β = -0.342; P = 0.005), and interlabial gap (β = -0.179; P = 0.050). Sex and age were not associated with profile attractiveness (P > 0.75).
CONCLUSIONS
More convex skeletal and soft-tissue profiles, less prominent noses with higher tips, subnasales anterior to the upper lip, more protruded upper lips, less prominent lower lips, smaller interlabial gaps, and more protruding chins might improve profile esthetics.
Topics: Adult; Anatomic Landmarks; Beauty; Cephalometry; Face; Female; Humans; Iran; Male
PubMed: 31153504
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.07.020 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Nov 1986Quadriceps contracture associated with a healed malunion fracture of the left femur was diagnosed in a 1-year-old cat. The proximal portion of the distal fracture piece...
Quadriceps contracture associated with a healed malunion fracture of the left femur was diagnosed in a 1-year-old cat. The proximal portion of the distal fracture piece protruded through the skin of the thigh. The protruding bone was removed surgically and the area of ulcerated skin was debrided. Because the fracture was stable and the cat was able to bear weight on the affected limb, surgical correction of the malunion was not performed. Quadriceps contracture is uncommon in the cat.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Contracture; Female; Femoral Fractures; Thigh
PubMed: 3793576
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical and Translational... Dec 2020In contrast to most colorectal carcinomas arising from pedunculated or sessile protruded adenomas, submucosal-invasive (pT1) colorectal carcinoma exhibiting a depressed... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
In contrast to most colorectal carcinomas arising from pedunculated or sessile protruded adenomas, submucosal-invasive (pT1) colorectal carcinoma exhibiting a depressed surface (hereinafter, "depressed colorectal carcinoma," identified by means of high-definition endoscopy) is considered to be derived from depressed precursors. We hypothesized that depressed colorectal neoplasms have unique clinicopathological features different that are different from those of protruded and flat colorectal neoplasms.
METHODS
We classified 27,129 colorectal neoplasms (909 pT1 carcinomas and 26,220 adenomas) resected between 2001 and 2017 into depressed (211 carcinomas and 109 adenomas), flat (304 carcinomas and 11,246 adenomas), and protruded subtypes (394 carcinomas and 14,865 adenomas) and compared their clinicopathological features. As exploratory analyses of pT1 carcinomas, we conducted whole-exome sequencing for 19 depressed and 8 protruded subtypes and RNA sequencing for 8 depressed and 8 protruded subtypes.
RESULTS
pT1 carcinomas were more common in depressed lesions (66%) than in protruded (2.6%) and flat lesions (2.6%) (P < 0.001). Compared with nondepressed pT1 carcinomas, depressed pT1 carcinomas were positively correlated with lymphovascular invasion, tumor budding, and massive submucosal invasion and inversely correlated with the presence of an adenoma component (all P < 0.001). Depressed adenomas were more likely to contain high-grade dysplasia than nondepressed adenomas (49% vs 11%, P < 0.001). A KRAS mutation was observed only in one of the 19 depressed pT1 carcinomas. Relative to protruded carcinomas, depressed carcinomas generally exhibited higher expression of genes related to angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
DISCUSSION
Depressed colorectal neoplasms may harbor a unique combination of malignant histopathological phenotypes and molecular features.
Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Colon; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms; DNA Mutational Analysis; Diagnosis, Differential; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); RNA-Seq; Exome Sequencing
PubMed: 33512809
DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000269 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jun 2024DNA nanostructures offer a versatile platform for precise dye assembly, making them promising templates for creating photonic complexes with applications in photonics...
DNA nanostructures offer a versatile platform for precise dye assembly, making them promising templates for creating photonic complexes with applications in photonics and bioimaging. However, despite these advancements, the effect of dye loading on the hybridization kinetics of single-stranded DNA protruding from DNA nanostructures remains unexplored. In this study, the DNA points accumulation for imaging in the nanoscale topography (DNA-PAINT) technique is employed to investigate the accessibility of functional binding sites on DNA-templated excitonic wires. The results indicate that positively charged dyes on DNA frameworks can accelerate the hybridization kinetics of protruded ssDNA through long-range electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, the impacts of various charged dyes and binding sites are explored on diverse DNA frameworks with varying cross-sizes. The research underscores the crucial role of electrostatic interactions in DNA hybridization kinetics within DNA-dye complexes, offering valuable insights for the functionalization and assembly of biomimetic photonic systems.
PubMed: 38844986
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402870 -
Neurosurgical Review Dec 2023We aimed to investigate the morphological features of the artery that traverse the sigmoid sinus's lateral surface and to discuss this structure's clinical relevance.
INTRODUCTION
We aimed to investigate the morphological features of the artery that traverse the sigmoid sinus's lateral surface and to discuss this structure's clinical relevance.
METHODS
Ten sides from five cadaveric Caucasian heads were used for gross anatomical dissection to investigate the morphological features of the sigmoid sinus artery (SSA), and additional five sides were used for histological observation.
RESULTS
The SSA was found on eight out of ten sides (80%). The mean diameter of the SSA was 0.3 mm. The mean distance from the tip of the mastoid process to the artery was 20.3 mm. Histological observation identified extradural and intradural courses of SSA. The intradural course was further categorized into protruding and non-protruding types. In the protruding type, the SSA traveled within the dura but indented into the bone, making it more or less an intraosseous artery. In the non-protruding type, the SSA traveled within the dura but did not protrude into the bone but rather indented into the lumen of the SS. In all sections, both intradural and extradural courses were identified simultaneously.
CONCLUSIONS
When the mastoid foramen is observed, it does not always only carry an emissary vein but also an artery. The SSA could be considered a "warning landmark" during bone drilling for the transmastoid approach.
Topics: Humans; Skull; Cranial Sinuses; Mastoid; Arteries; Dura Mater; Cadaver
PubMed: 38062247
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02245-4 -
The Cleft Palate Journal Jul 1979An anatomical reconstruction of the protruded premaxillary segment of an infant with bilateral cleft of the primary palate was made from serial histological sections and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
An anatomical reconstruction of the protruded premaxillary segment of an infant with bilateral cleft of the primary palate was made from serial histological sections and described in comparison with reconstruction columella, alar cartilages, nasal septum, and premaxillae of a neonatal control specimen. Most of the bilateral cleft abnormality was seen in the premaxillary bones which were advanced on the nasal septum and whose alveolar process protuded anteriorly into the columellar area. The medial crura of the alar cartilages and the nasal septum in the cleft specimen showed an essentially normal structure. Underdevelopment of the columbella was considered as primarily failure in the development of columellar skin caused by the invasive obstruction by the premaxillary bones.
Topics: Alveolar Process; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Humans; Incisor; Infant, Newborn; Maxilla; Nasal Septum; Nose; Prognathism
PubMed: 287572
DOI: No ID Found -
Cirugia Pediatrica : Organo Oficial de... Apr 1998Although vesical extrophy is a well-known anomaly, the variants of vesical extrophy are exceptional. We present the case of a newborn child, who upon exploration,...
Although vesical extrophy is a well-known anomaly, the variants of vesical extrophy are exceptional. We present the case of a newborn child, who upon exploration, revealed a defect of closure in the infra-umbilical abdominal wall through which vesical mucous membrane protruded. A probe introduced into the urethra appeared externally at the place of the infraumbilical defect. Following the diagnosis of superior vesical fissure, resection of the protruding vesical mucous membrane and closure were carried out. The authors reviewed the bibliography published in order to study the different kinds of variants of vesical extrophy and the associated congenital anomalies. Although these children are usually continent, a urodynamic study and a VCU are recommended in order to discard the existence of a post closure-uretheral-vesical reflux of the umbilical defect.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 9608148
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional... Jan 2012Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare large-airway disorder of unknown cause, characterized by the development of multiple submucosal osseous and/or...
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare large-airway disorder of unknown cause, characterized by the development of multiple submucosal osseous and/or cartilaginous nodules that protrude into the lumen of the trachea and large bronchi. Although most patients are asymptomatic, some may present with nonspecific respiratory symptoms. A chest computed tomographic scan with multiple protruding nodules in the trachea is suggestive but other diagnoses can present with a similar appearance; hence, definitive diagnosis may require bronchoscopic examination. Numerous cases of TO have been reported in association with different diseases, but no definitive causative explanation has been shown with any of the conditions. Chronic airway inflammation is one of the proposed mechanisms to explain the formation of TO nodules. Most of the reported TO patients have a history of frequent airway infections. Patients with IgA deficiency present with frequent sinopulmonary infections. The present case illustrates the first case of TO associated with IgA deficiency.
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Bronchoscopy; Female; Humans; IgA Deficiency; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Osteochondrodysplasias; Radiography; Recurrence; Respiratory Mucosa; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sputum; Trachea; Tracheal Diseases
PubMed: 23207265
DOI: 10.1097/LBR.0b013e3182446949