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Ethical Human Sciences and Services :... 1999
Topics: Adolescent; Behavior Control; Coercion; Commitment of Mentally Ill; Drug Industry; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health Services; Psychiatry; Psychotropic Drugs
PubMed: 15586456
DOI: No ID Found -
L'Encephale Jun 2024After more than 20 years of work, the World Health Organization's efforts have culminated in the adoption of the 11th revision of the International Classification of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
After more than 20 years of work, the World Health Organization's efforts have culminated in the adoption of the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). The process has been guided by the principles of global applicability, scientific validity, and clinical utility. The update of the chapter on mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders (MBND) within the ICD-11 has generated widespread interest worldwide. This has raised various questions about the status of mental disorder nosology, changes to diagnostic guidelines, and the potential implications for clinical practice.
METHODS
We conducted a narrative analysis of the literature in four different languages to track the various stages of the ICD-11 revision and to highlight the major changes. We searched databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, and consulted the official websites of the WHO, APA, and UNICEF. A total of 79 articles from 40 different editorials and websites were analyzed and included in this study.
RESULTS
The new chapters on mental disorders in the ICD-11 include 21 groups, as opposed to the 11 in the ICD-10. The changes aim to align the diagnoses with those of the DSM-5 and introduce a new chapter structure, new diagnostic categories, modifications to diagnostic criteria, and advancements in dimensionality. For the first time in the history of the ICD, sleep and wakefulness disorders, as well as disorders related to sexual health, have been addressed in separate chapters of the international classification. Four new diagnoses have been added: complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), gaming disorder, prolonged grief disorder, and compulsive sexual behavior which replaces "excessive sexual activity" in the ICD-10. Moreover, the ICD-11 revision has brought about a fundamental change in the clinical conceptualization of addictive behaviors, introducing a distinction between substance use disorders and addictive behaviors. The criteria for many existing conditions have been revised, particularly those related to bipolar disorders, eating disorders, and gender identity disorders.
CONCLUSIONS
The revision process for mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders in the ICD-11 has witnessed unprecedented participation in the history of mental disorder classification. These changes could have a significant impact on clinical practice in psychiatry. However, it is crucial to examine the advantages and limitations of this new classification compared to previous versions.
Topics: Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Mental Disorders; Psychiatry; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; World Health Organization
PubMed: 38092593
DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.10.003 -
Der Nervenarzt Aug 2018The exploration and therapy of depression is aggravated by heterogeneous etiological mechanisms and various comorbidities. With the growing trend towards big data in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The exploration and therapy of depression is aggravated by heterogeneous etiological mechanisms and various comorbidities. With the growing trend towards big data in psychiatry, research and therapy can increasingly target the individual patient. This novel objective requires special methods of analysis.
OBJECTIVE
The possibilities and challenges of the application of big data approaches in depression are examined in closer detail.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Examples are given to illustrate the possibilities of big data approaches in depression research. Modern machine learning methods are compared to traditional statistical methods in terms of their potential in applications to depression.
RESULTS
Big data approaches are particularly suited to the analysis of detailed observational data, the prediction of single data points or several clinical variables and the identification of endophenotypes. A current challenge lies in the transfer of results into the clinical treatment of patients with depression.
CONCLUSION
Big data approaches enable biological subtypes in depression to be identified and predictions in individual patients to be made. They have enormous potential for prevention, early diagnosis, treatment choice and prognosis of depression as well as for treatment development.
Topics: Big Data; Depression; Humans; Psychiatry; Research
PubMed: 29188348
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-017-0456-2 -
The Australian and New Zealand Journal... Oct 2000The aim of this paper is to outline the opportunities and dangers the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) issue presents to Australian psychiatry. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this paper is to outline the opportunities and dangers the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) issue presents to Australian psychiatry.
METHOD
The scientific literature of the last 50 years on CFS in adults was reviewed and samples of recent media portrayals of CFS in the UK and Australia were collected. The author has worked in both the UK and Australia managing adult CFS patients in specialist outpatient consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry settings.
RESULTS
Chronic fatigue syndrome has been at the heart of an acrimonious debate in the UK, both within the medical profession and in the wider community. UK psychiatry has been drawn into the debate, at times being the target of strong and potentially damaging criticism, yet UK psychiatry, especially the C-L subspecialty, has played a crucial role in clarifying appropriate research questions and in devising management strategies. The issue has served to enhance and broaden psychiatry's perceived research and clinical role at the important medicine-psychiatry interface in that country.
CONCLUSIONS
Handled properly, the CFS issue offers Australian psychiatry, especially C-L psychiatry, an opportunity to make a useful contribution to patient care in a clinically difficult and contentious area, while at the same time serving to help broaden psychiatry's scope in the Australian medical landscape.
Topics: Australia; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Humans; Neurasthenia; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Psychiatry; Public Opinion; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Social Perception; United Kingdom
PubMed: 11037362
DOI: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00810.x -
The British Journal of Psychiatry : the... Dec 2012A series of editorials in this Journal have argued that psychiatry is in the midst of a crisis. The various solutions proposed would all involve a strengthening of...
A series of editorials in this Journal have argued that psychiatry is in the midst of a crisis. The various solutions proposed would all involve a strengthening of psychiatry's identity as essentially 'applied neuroscience'. Although not discounting the importance of the brain sciences and psychopharmacology, we argue that psychiatry needs to move beyond the dominance of the current, technological paradigm. This would be more in keeping with the evidence about how positive outcomes are achieved and could also serve to foster more meaningful collaboration with the growing service user movement.
Topics: Biomedical Technology; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Evidence-Based Practice; Humans; Knowledge; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Professional Practice; Psychiatry; Recovery of Function
PubMed: 23209088
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.109447 -
Psychosomatics 1996With the advent of managed care and the primary care gatekeeper, psychiatry's relationship to primary care is shifting. Four recent surveys suggest that, in general,... (Review)
Review
With the advent of managed care and the primary care gatekeeper, psychiatry's relationship to primary care is shifting. Four recent surveys suggest that, in general, departments of psychiatry have done little to restructure their relationships with primary care. This article proposes an agenda for developing primary care psychiatry programs in departments of psychiatry. The rationale for shifting resources toward primary care psychiatry is followed by a discussion of the goals of primary care psychiatry programs. The agenda presents specific high-priority projects in the areas of research, education, and clinical care, citing examples of existing initiatives and discussing the resources needed for funding primary care psychiatry programs.
Topics: Education, Medical; Humans; Internship and Residency; Primary Health Care; Psychiatry; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 8742536
DOI: 10.1016/S0033-3182(96)71574-8 -
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Jul 2011
Topics: Humans; Mental Health Services; Patient Preference; Psychiatry
PubMed: 21668418
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01678.x -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Mar 1998
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Humans; Personality Disorders; Psychiatry; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 9533965
DOI: 10.1177/070674379804300201 -
Psychosomatics 1990
Review
Topics: Humans; Mental Health Services; Psychiatry; Transplantation
PubMed: 2405451
DOI: 10.1016/S0033-3182(90)72223-2 -
The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Dec 2012The history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) reflects the larger history of American psychiatry. As the field anticipates DSM-5, it is... (Review)
Review
The history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) reflects the larger history of American psychiatry. As the field anticipates DSM-5, it is useful to take stock of this history and consider not only how diagnosis impacts our understanding of mental illness but also how contemporary thought influences diagnosis. Before the DSM, the field was disjointed. The publication of the first American diagnostic manual, the precursor of the DSM, mirrored society's interest in organized record keeping and prevention rather than treatment of mental illness. The first and second editions of DSM brought a common language to diagnosis and were largely the work of outpatient and academic psychiatrists rather than those based in large state hospitals. The third edition of the DSM saw the shift in American psychiatry's leadership from the eminent clinician to the researcher, whereas the fourth edition reflected the rise of "evidence-based medicine." DSM-5 will likewise represent the current status of the field-not only with regard to science but also reflecting the place of American psychiatry in medicine today.
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Mental Disorders; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Psychiatry; United States
PubMed: 23197117
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e318275cf19