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The American Psychologist Mar 1991The term psychobiology is often used to refer to various biological approaches to psychology that have emerged in the 20th century. The term generally has been used to... (Review)
Review
The term psychobiology is often used to refer to various biological approaches to psychology that have emerged in the 20th century. The term generally has been used to locate an approach with respect to both disciplines, sometimes in an effort to distance the author from psychology as a whole. When viewed in broad historical perspective, however, it is seen that more often the word has been used to designate a number of very different forms of opposition to the excessive reductionism characteristic of many biological approaches to psychology. "Psychobiology' represents a family of attempts to incorporate biological perspectives in the study of dynamic processes in whole, integrated, adapted, and organized organisms, not to reduce complex, dynamic relationships to physiological processes.
Topics: Animals; Behavior; Humans; Psychophysiology; Research
PubMed: 2035930
DOI: 10.1037//0003-066x.46.3.198 -
The World Journal of Biological... 2018This paper focuses on the psychobiology of stress, depression, adjustment disorders (ADs), and resilience. Since the ADs fall under the rubric in DSM-5 of Trauma and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This paper focuses on the psychobiology of stress, depression, adjustment disorders (ADs), and resilience. Since the ADs fall under the rubric in DSM-5 of Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders, essentials of the psychobiology of stress-response syndromes will be reviewed.
METHODS
A narrative review of the psychobiology of stress-response syndromes is undertaken, and the implications for our understanding of ADs are discussed.
RESULTS
Advances in our understanding of the psychobiology of stress-response syndromes provide an important foundation for understanding ADs, and for conceptualizing their diagnosis, as well as issues of resilience.
CONCLUSIONS
Future investigations of the psychobiology of trauma- and stressor-related disorders may shed additional light on ADs, and ultimately improve their treatment.
Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Allostasis; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Resilience, Psychological; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 30204561
DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1459049 -
Developmental Psychobiology Apr 2019Psychobiological techniques to assess emotional responding have revolutionized the field of emotional development in recent decades by equipping researchers with the... (Review)
Review
Psychobiological techniques to assess emotional responding have revolutionized the field of emotional development in recent decades by equipping researchers with the tools to quantify children's emotional reactivity and regulation more directly than behavioral approaches allow. Knowledge gained from the incorporation of methods spanning levels of analysis has been substantial, yet many open questions remain. In this prospective review, we (a) describe the major conceptual and empirical advances that have resulted from this methodological innovation, and (b) lay out a case for what we view as the most pressing challenge for the next decades of research into the psychobiology of emotional development: focusing empirical efforts toward understanding the implications of the broader sociocultural contexts in which children develop that shape the psychobiology of emotion. Thus, this review integrates previous knowledge about the psychobiology of emotion with a forward-looking set of recommendations for incorporating sociocultural processes into future investigations.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Brain; Child; Child Development; Culture; Emotions; Evoked Potentials; Humans; Neuroimaging; Self-Control; Social Environment
PubMed: 30592032
DOI: 10.1002/dev.21795 -
Annual Review of Psychology 1992
Review
Topics: Animals; Association Learning; Conditioning, Classical; Dopamine; Haplorhini; Memory; Mice; Motivation; Rats; Reinforcement, Psychology
PubMed: 1539948
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ps.43.020192.002303 -
Developmental Psychobiology May 2020The developmental psychobiology of self-regulation in childhood has received increasing attention in recent years. As a next step in advancing research and theorizing... (Review)
Review
The developmental psychobiology of self-regulation in childhood has received increasing attention in recent years. As a next step in advancing research and theorizing about the processes by which early biological correlates of self-regulation are forged, a more nuanced consideration of the contexts in which these phenomena are embedded is needed. This review synthesizes insights from distinct but complementary approaches to studying the developmental psychobiology of early self-regulation, focusing on the idea of context at different time scales. Three types of context that differ in temporal resolution are considered: (a) The temporally immediate contexts occurring within a structured challenge, including the baseline-to-task context of reactive psychobiology, the within-task context of dynamic change, and the post-task context of recovery from challenge. (b) The temporally moderate contexts of task type, including variants like the specific emotion that is under study and whether the task involves (or allows for) self-regulatory behaviors. (c) The temporally chronic contexts of important social relationships within which children are embedded and developing. Future research efforts that incorporate a more nuanced appreciation for the temporal resolution of contexts in developmental psychobiology will allow for novel tests and refinement of theories of self-regulation, as well as other domains of child development.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Child; Child Development; Emotional Regulation; Evoked Potentials; Humans; Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia; Self-Control
PubMed: 31894583
DOI: 10.1002/dev.21945 -
Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 2014Social integration and social support have a substantial influence on individual health and longevity, an effect assumed to be mediated through reduced stress reactivity... (Review)
Review
Social integration and social support have a substantial influence on individual health and longevity, an effect assumed to be mediated through reduced stress reactivity in support recipients. However, considerable variability in individual responses to social support has been documented, suggesting that the beneficial effect of social support interacts with early experiences, genetically influenced differences in biological systems mediating social behavior, personality traits, and psychopathology. Here we outline the historical background of social support research, including epidemiological studies, laboratory studies, and field studies on the subject of social support and health, with regard to different psychobiological effector systems. Most recent research has focused on brain mechanisms which link social integration or social support with reduced neural threat responses. As numerous mental disorders are associated with considerable social impairment, understanding the potentially underlying mechanisms of neural plasticity in relation to social support, stress buffering and health in these disorders can help tailor new diagnostic and treatment strategies. Thus, theories of socially-driven emotional learning and memory, as presented in this review, might eventually lead to psychobiology-based treatment concepts for mental disorders involving social deficits.
Topics: Humans; Social Support; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 23603443
DOI: 10.3233/RNN-139008 -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1997This review summarizes the current state of our knowledge of the psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). People with PTSD develop an enduring vigilance... (Review)
Review
This review summarizes the current state of our knowledge of the psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). People with PTSD develop an enduring vigilance for and sensitivity to environmental threat. They have difficulty in properly evaluating sensory stimuli and responding with appropriate levels of physiologic and neurohormonal arousal. The inappropriate mobilization of biological emergency responses to innocuous stimuli is mirrored psychologically in an inability to properly integrate memories of the trauma and in a fixation on the past. The biological dysregulation of PTSD can be measured on physiologic, neurohormonal, immunologic, and functional neuroanatomical levels. The developmental level at which the trauma occurs affects the nature and extent of psychobiological disruptions. The availability of neuroimaging for documenting structural and functional abnormalities in PTSD has opened up new ways for understanding the neuronal filters concerned with the interpretation of sensory information in PTSD. These studies have produced a number of unexpected findings, which may alter how we conceptualize PTSD and which may force us to reevaluate appropriate therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Arousal; Brain; Catecholamines; Child; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Life Change Events; Male; Serotonin; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Tomography, Emission-Computed
PubMed: 9329447
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Aug 2019Mitochondrial psychobiology is the study of the interactions between psychological states and the biological processes that take place within mitochondria. It also...
Mitochondrial psychobiology is the study of the interactions between psychological states and the biological processes that take place within mitochondria. It also examines how mitochondrial behavior influence neural, endocrine, and immune systems known to transduce psychological experiences into health outcomes. Unlike traditional biological outcomes and mediators, mitochondria are dynamic and multifunctional living organisms. By leveraging a variety of laboratory tools including omics, scientists can now map mitochondrial behavior at multiple levels of complexity - from isolated molecular markers to dynamic functional and signaling outcomes. Here we discuss current efforts to develop relevant measures of mitochondrial behavior in accessible human tissues, increase their biological specificity by applying precise measurements in defined cell populations, create composite indices reflecting mitochondrial health, and integrate these approaches with psycho-neuro-endocrino-immune outcomes. This systematic inter-disciplinary effort will help move the field of mitochondrial psychobiology towards a predictive science explaining how, and to what extent, mitochondria contribute to the biological embedding of stress and other psychological states.
PubMed: 32637466
DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.04.015 -
Psychological Medicine Nov 1987The psychobiology of anorexia nervosa is described and explained under four headings; (1) the psychopathology as related to the motivation for fasting; (2) metabolic and... (Review)
Review
The psychobiology of anorexia nervosa is described and explained under four headings; (1) the psychopathology as related to the motivation for fasting; (2) metabolic and somatic consequences of starvation, including brain morphology; (3) endocrine abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and gonadal axis; and (4) the hunger drive and its possible perversions in terms of aspects of neuroethology and the reward system in the brain.
Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Brain; Energy Metabolism; Feeding Behavior; Hormones; Humans; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 3324142
DOI: 10.1017/s0033291700000647 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Aug 2001Psychobiologic models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have focused on cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CTSC) circuits, noting normal function in cognitive and... (Review)
Review
Psychobiologic models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have focused on cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CTSC) circuits, noting normal function in cognitive and motoric procedural strategies. Such models have relied on the classification of OCD as an anxiety disorder, seldom exploring other relevant emotions. Based on the hypothesis that a central emotion in OCD is disgust, the authors review the literature on its psychobiology and its relevance to current models of OCD. There are important parallels between the psychobiology of OCD and that of disgust. Obsessive- compulsive disorder may be conceptualized in terms of a false contamination alarm in which disgust plays a crucial organizing or embodying role, not only at a basic brain level, but also in terms of the psychosocial aspects of the disorder. Just as psychobiologic models of panic disorder and post- traumatic stress disorder have been strengthened by the inclusion of preclinical work on amygdala-mediated fear conditioning, so findings on disgust and its mediating CSTC circuits may generate useful hypotheses for OCD research.
Topics: Affect; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Humans; Limbic System; Nerve Net; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Thalamus
PubMed: 11470034
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-001-0020-3