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Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2015Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are characterized by fear or anxiety about social situations, but also by important alterations in self-referential... (Review)
Review
Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are characterized by fear or anxiety about social situations, but also by important alterations in self-referential processing. Given advances in our understanding of the neurocircuitry and neurochemistry of SAD, the question arises of the relationship between this research and an emergent literature on the psychobiology of self and self-consciousness. A number of investigations of SAD have highlighted altered activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC; involved in self-representation), insula (involved in interoceptive processing), and other structures that play a role in bodily self-consciousness, as well as the potential value of interventions such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and self-focused reappraisal in normalizing such changes. Future studies to more closely investigate associations between psychobiological alterations and changes in self-related processing in SAD, may be useful in shedding additional light on both SAD and self-consciousness.
PubMed: 26441590
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00489 -
Psychoneuroendocrinology Nov 2005Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the few psychiatric conditions where a specific psychosocial stressor is explicitly tied to etiology. Although a majority... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the few psychiatric conditions where a specific psychosocial stressor is explicitly tied to etiology. Although a majority of people experience a traumatic event in their life, most of them will not develop PTSD or other mental health problems such as depressive or anxiety disorders. Emotional and neurobiological responses to psychosocial stressors show striking individual variation. In this paper cognitive appraisal and coping factors are explored as potential sources of individual differences in the neuroendocrinological stress response, and subsequently in mental health outcome. Continued study of the psychobiology of trauma and PTSD will enhance our understanding of adaptation to psychosocial stressors and support efforts to treat associated psychological and biological sequelae.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Cognition; Humans; Neurosecretory Systems; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 15964146
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.04.009 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Oct 1996
PubMed: 17813500
DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5286.326b -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Oct 1996
PubMed: 17813499
DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5286.326a -
Journal of the American Psychoanalytic... 1993The potential role of biological influences in human sexual orientation was considered more seriously during the early phases of psychoanalysis than in the years since... (Review)
Review
The potential role of biological influences in human sexual orientation was considered more seriously during the early phases of psychoanalysis than in the years since World War II. Recently studies of homosexuality and heterosexuality in the neurosciences have attracted widespread attention both in the scientific and lay communities. The salience of these new data for psychoanalytic theory and practice is just beginning to be explored. In this article, we review research on sexual orientation in the following areas: genetics, crosscultural studies, studies of development in individuals with abnormal prenatal hormone exposure, childhood play patterns, and brain studies in both nonhumans and humans. Differences between male and female homosexuality are explored. We propose that psychoanalytic theory can grow and profit from a careful consideration of new findings in the psychobiology of sexuality, and that the interaction between mind and body is the appropriate purview of psychoanalysis.
Topics: Brain; Female; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychophysiology; Psychosexual Development; Sex Differentiation; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 8282941
DOI: 10.1177/000306519304100410 -
Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience :... Nov 1996
Topics: Humans; Hysteria
PubMed: 8973049
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Jun 1997
Review
Topics: Brain; Functional Laterality; Humans; Memory; Sensation; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 9238197
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48272.x -
Developmental Psychobiology Apr 2019
Topics: Anniversaries and Special Events; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Periodicals as Topic
PubMed: 30942516
DOI: 10.1002/dev.21857 -
CNS Spectrums Sep 2008Obsessive-compulsive disorder is currently classified as an anxiety disorder. However, there is growing interest in the concept of an obsessive-compulsive spectrum of... (Review)
Review
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is currently classified as an anxiety disorder. However, there is growing interest in the concept of an obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders (OCSDs). The relationship between anxiety disorders and OCSDs has been questioned. The psychobiology of anxiety disorders and OCSDs is briefly reviewed in this article. While there appear to be several distinct contrasts in the underlying psychobiology of these conditions, there is also evidence of overlapping mechanisms. In addition, there are crucial gaps in our current database, confounding nosological decision-making. Conceptualizing various anxiety disorders and putative OCSDs as lying within a broader spectrum of emotional disorders may be useful. However, clinicians must also recognize that individual anxiety and obsessive-compulsive spectrum conditions, including disorders characterized by body-focused repetitive behaviors, have distinct psychobiological underpinnings and require different treatment approaches.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety Disorders; Biological Evolution; Brain; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Nerve Net; Neurotransmitter Agents; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Phenotype; Risk Factors; Social Environment; Statistics as Topic; Stereotyped Behavior
PubMed: 18849908
DOI: 10.1017/s1092852900026900 -
CNS Spectrums Jan 2009Social cognition involves automatic and stimulus-driven processes; these may be important in mediating stereotypes in the community and schemas and transference in the... (Review)
Review
Social cognition involves automatic and stimulus-driven processes; these may be important in mediating stereotypes in the community and schemas and transference in the clinic setting. Significant differences in self-related processing and other-related processing may also lead to important biases in our view of the other. The psychobiology of social cognition is gradually being delineated, and may be useful in understanding these phenomena, and in responding appropriately. In the clinic, schemas can be rigorously assessed, and schema-focused psychotherapy may be useful in a number of indications.
Topics: Adult; Cognition; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurosciences; Self Concept; Social Behavior; Stereotyped Behavior; Transference, Psychology
PubMed: 19169183
DOI: 10.1017/s1092852900020009