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Psychology & Health Mar 2017A congenital craniofacial anomaly (CFA) is expected to impact upon several domains of psychological, emotional and social functioning, yet no recent reviews have... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
A congenital craniofacial anomaly (CFA) is expected to impact upon several domains of psychological, emotional and social functioning, yet no recent reviews have comprehensively summarised the available literature. Further, existing reviews tend to draw upon literature in the field of cleft lip and palate, and do not give substantive attention to other types of CFAs.
DESIGN
A review of 41 papers published between January 2000 and March 2016 pertaining to psychological adjustment to CFAs.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Findings are presented according to key psychological domains: General Psychological Well-being, Quality of Life, Behaviour, Emotional Well-being, Social Experiences, Appearance, and Treatment-Related Experiences.
RESULTS
Current literature offers a contradictory picture of adjustment to CFAs. Psychological adjustment appeared to be comparable to norms and reference groups in approximately half of the papers related to non-syndromic CFAs, while more variation was found across domains among samples with syndromic CFAs. Associations were found between adjustment, physical health and cognitive function in several papers. The review identified a number of gaps in the literature, such as the inclusion of a wide range of diagnoses within research samples.
CONCLUSIONS
This review demonstrates the complexity of findings, both within and across domains, and highlights a number of methodological challenges.
Topics: Craniofacial Abnormalities; Emotional Adjustment; Humans
PubMed: 27925479
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1247838 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2021: International clinical practice guidelines highlight the importance of improving the psychological and mental health care of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus... (Review)
Review
: International clinical practice guidelines highlight the importance of improving the psychological and mental health care of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Psychological interventions can promote adherence to the demands of diabetes self-care, promoting high quality of life and wellbeing. : A systematic review was carried out to determine whether psychological treatments with a specific focus on emotional management have an impact on glycemic control and variables related to psychological adjustment. Comprehensive literature searches of PubMed Medline, Psycinfo, Cochrane Database, Web of Science, and Open Grey Repository databases were conducted, from inception to November 2019 and were last updated in December 2020. Finally, eight articles met inclusion criteria. : Results showed that the management of emotions was effective in improving the psychological adjustment of patients with T1DM when carried out by psychologists. However, the evidence regarding the improvement of glycemic control was not entirely clear. When comparing adolescent and adult populations, findings yielded slightly better results in adolescents. : More rigorous studies are needed to establish what emotional interventions might increase glycemic control in this population.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Emotional Adjustment; Humans; Psychotropic Drugs; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34682687
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010940 -
Psychology & Health Jul 2016Adjustment to cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is multifaceted, involving several domains of psychological and social functioning. A substantial increase in research in... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Adjustment to cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is multifaceted, involving several domains of psychological and social functioning. A substantial increase in research in this area has been evident in recent years, along with a preliminary shift in how adjustment to CL/P is conceptualised and measured. An updated and comprehensive review of the literature is needed in light of the rapidly expanding and changing field.
DESIGN
A narrative review of 148 quantitative and qualitative studies published between January 2004 and July 2015.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Findings are presented according to five key domains of adjustment: Developmental Trajectory, Behaviour, Emotional Well-being, Social Experiences and Satisfaction with Appearance and Treatment. Data pertaining to General Psychological Well-being were also examined.
RESULTS
The overall impact of CL/P on psychological adjustment appears to be low. Nonetheless, the review demonstrates the complexity of findings both within and across domains, and highlights recurring methodological challenges.
CONCLUSIONS
Research findings from the last decade are considered to be largely inconclusive, although some areas of emerging consensus and improvements in the approaches used were identified. Efforts to collect data from large, representative and longitudinal samples, which are comparable across studies and encompassing of the patient perspective, should be doubled.
Topics: Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Emotional Adjustment; Humans; Narration
PubMed: 26800428
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1143944 -
Psicothema Nov 2021Little is known about the effect adoption status has on psychological adjustment (for instance, depression, anxiety, problem behaviour, or drug misuse) in adulthood. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Little is known about the effect adoption status has on psychological adjustment (for instance, depression, anxiety, problem behaviour, or drug misuse) in adulthood. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to study the impact of adoption status on adult adoptees' psychological adjustment.
METHOD
The review included 18 quasi-experimental studies conducted between 1993 and 2019.
RESULTS
Adoptees had significantly worse psychological adjustment than non-adoptees across all outcomes, except for the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and antisocial personality disorder (APD). The moderating analyses showed a significant effect for ethnicity and marital status.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results shed light on the specific groups of adoptees at a higher risk of maladjustment. The outcomes most strongly influenced by adoptive status were angry emotions (hostility and anger), psychiatric care, drug abuse, and psychotic symptoms. These findings have clinical implications with regard to the support that practitioners can provide to adoptees and their families.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adoption; Adult; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Anxiety Disorders; Emotional Adjustment; Humans
PubMed: 34668466
DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2021.98 -
Personality and Social Psychology... Feb 2019This article advances the debate about costs and benefits of self-enhancement (the tendency to maintain unrealistically positive self-views) with a comprehensive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This article advances the debate about costs and benefits of self-enhancement (the tendency to maintain unrealistically positive self-views) with a comprehensive meta-analytic review (299 samples, N = 126,916). The review considers relations between self-enhancement and personal adjustment (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, depression), and between self-enhancement and interpersonal adjustment (informant reports of domain-general social valuation, agency, communion). Self-enhancement was positively related to personal adjustment, and this relation was robust across sex, age, cohort, and culture. Important from a causal perspective, self-enhancement had a positive longitudinal effect on personal adjustment. The relation between self-enhancement and interpersonal adjustment was nuanced. Self-enhancement was positively related to domain-general social valuation at 0, but not long, acquaintance. Communal self-enhancement was positively linked to informant judgments of communion, whereas agentic self-enhancement was linked positively to agency but negatively to communion. Overall, the results suggest that self-enhancement is beneficial for personal adjustment but a mixed blessing for interpersonal adjustment.
Topics: Affect; Depression; Emotional Adjustment; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Personal Satisfaction; Self Concept
PubMed: 29534642
DOI: 10.1177/1088868318756467 -
Orvosi Hetilap Sep 2015Rehabilitation of lower limb amputees and the fitting of their prosthesis depend highly on the psychological adjustment process and motivational state of the patient.... (Review)
Review
Rehabilitation of lower limb amputees and the fitting of their prosthesis depend highly on the psychological adjustment process and motivational state of the patient. The loss of a limb is extremely challenging and can cause various physical and psychological problems. Depression, anxiety, decreased well-being and quality of life, body image dissatisfaction and changes in self-concept and identity are frequent after lower limb amputation. In the interest of adjustment patients have to cope with the emerging changes and difficulties in their lifes as well as the problems in psychological functioning. It is important for them to accept the alterations in their body and identity, and integrate them in a new self-concept in which process motivation is a fundamental issue. The aim of this article is to review the literature on psychological consequences of lower limb amputation, and to propose an integrative way of rehabilitation for lower limb amputees.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Amputation, Surgical; Amputees; Anxiety; Body Image; Depression; Emotional Adjustment; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Lower Extremity; Quality of Life; Self Concept; Social Identification; Social Support
PubMed: 26550913
DOI: 10.1556/650.2015.30257 -
The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal :... Apr 2023To date, limited research has been carried out into the psychological impact of having a diagnosis of Apert syndrome (AS) and the life experiences of families living...
To date, limited research has been carried out into the psychological impact of having a diagnosis of Apert syndrome (AS) and the life experiences of families living with this condition. The aim of the current study was to explore psychological adjustment to AS from the perspectives of young people, and their parents, with the broader goal of informing care, and support for this population. Four young people (2 male) aged 11 to 15 years and their mothers were interviewed in their homes using a semistructured interview guide and photo-elicitation methods. Transcripts were analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Three superordinate themes were identified from the data: (1) Acceptance and Adjustment: A Cyclical Journey; (2) A Barrier to Adjustment: Navigating Treatment; and (3) Facilitating Adjustment: Social Support. Families described adjustment as a cyclical process, which was sensitive to change, particularly in the context of ongoing medical treatment. Families also utilized many resources, particularly in the form of social support, to adjust to the challenges of AS and build resilience. The findings of this study have important implications for the implementation of patient-centered care within designated craniofacial treatment centers, which should at a minimum include the provision of reliable information throughout the treatment pathway, additional support from health professionals at key times of transition, and the coordination of support across medical teams, and other key organizations in the child's life.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Male; Adolescent; Emotional Adjustment; Acrocephalosyndactylia; Parents; Social Support; Mothers
PubMed: 34967688
DOI: 10.1177/10556656211069817 -
The Journal of Medical Investigation :... 2023The purpose of study was to clarify the psychological adjustment and related factors in lung cancer patients with recurrence/metastasis after curative surgery. Forty-one...
The purpose of study was to clarify the psychological adjustment and related factors in lung cancer patients with recurrence/metastasis after curative surgery. Forty-one with lung cancer who were informed of a recurrence/metastasis after curative surgery completed a questionnaire comprised of the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MAC), Psychological Adjustment scale for Cancer Survivors (PACS), and information pertaining to demographic variables. When healthcare providers intervene in patients with lung cancer that has recurred/metastasized after curative surgery, it is necessary to assess patients' psychological adjustment based on demographic information, such as age, sex, marital status, and employment status, and to provide effective support promptly. Factors associated with psychological adjustment with recurrent/metastatic lung cancer after curative surgery were 1) female, 2) having a job, 3) over 65 years of age, 4) having a spouse, and 5) advanced-stage cancer. There was no difference in psychological adjustment between treatment and the period from cancer incidence to recurrence/metastatic. J. Med. Invest. 70 : 200-207, February, 2023.
Topics: Humans; Female; Child, Preschool; Emotional Adjustment; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Lung Neoplasms
PubMed: 37164721
DOI: 10.2152/jmi.70.200 -
Health Psychology : Official Journal of... May 2021To examine effects of stress on caregiver psychological adjustment during the first year of pediatric cancer.
OBJECTIVE
To examine effects of stress on caregiver psychological adjustment during the first year of pediatric cancer.
METHOD
Caregivers (N = 159) of children with cancer completed monthly questionnaires assessing domains of caregiver psychological adjustment (depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms) and stress (general life stress, treatment-related stress, caregiver perceptions of treatment intensity and life threat). Effects of stress were assessed at two levels to examine whether within-person changes in stress predicted concurrent changes in caregiver adjustment and whether average stress was associated with between-person differences in caregiver adjustment trajectories.
RESULTS
Overall, higher levels of stress factors were associated with poorer caregiver adjustment at both the between- and within-person levels, with high average levels of treatment-related stress and general life stress emerging as leading predictors of worse adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS
Both types of stressors, those directly related as well as unrelated to a child's cancer, contribute uniquely to caregiver distress. Caregiver distress is impacted by both overall levels of stress over time as well as month-to-month changes in stress. Implications for informing care for at-risk caregivers are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Caregivers; Child; Child, Preschool; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Parents; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34152783
DOI: 10.1037/hea0001070 -
International Review of Psychiatry... 2016Gender dysphoria (GD) in childhood is a complex phenomenon characterized by clinically significant distress due to the incongruence between assigned gender at birth and... (Review)
Review
Gender dysphoria (GD) in childhood is a complex phenomenon characterized by clinically significant distress due to the incongruence between assigned gender at birth and experienced gender. The clinical presentation of children who present with gender identity issues can be highly variable; the psychosexual development and future psychosexual outcome can be unclear, and consensus about the best clinical practice is currently under debate. In this paper a clinical picture is provided of children who are referred to gender identity clinics. The clinical criteria are described including what is known about the prevalence of childhood GD. In addition, an overview is presented of the literature on the psychological functioning of children with GD, the current knowledge on the psychosexual development and factors associated with the persistence of GD, and explanatory models for psychopathology in children with GD together with other co-existing problems that are characteristic for children referred for their gender. In light of this, currently used treatment and counselling approaches are summarized and discussed, including the integration of the literature detailed above.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Counseling; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Gender Dysphoria; Humans; Male; Psychosexual Development
PubMed: 26754056
DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2015.1115754