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International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2021The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the variables influencing foster parents' parenting stress, distress and parenting style, thereby supporting their... (Review)
Review
The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the variables influencing foster parents' parenting stress, distress and parenting style, thereby supporting their adjustment and well-being as well as that of foster children. A PRISMA-guided search was conducted in three databases. Observational studies examining parenting stress, parenting distress (subsuming anxiety, depression and stress symptoms) and parenting style-all assessed through validated tools-were considered. A total of 16 studies were included, comprising N = 1794 non-relative foster parents (age range = 30-67 years). Results showed heightened parenting stress over time, both overall and compared to parents at large. Neither foster parents' nor foster children's socio-demographic characteristics significantly contributed to the increase in parenting stress; yet child-related stress and children's externalizing problems were its main predictors. Foster parents' couple cooperation was associated with reduced parenting stress. Moreover, the authoritative parenting style was associated with parental warmth, while the authoritarian style was associated with foster parents' greater perceived burden, greater criticism and rejection toward the foster child. Evidence supports the mutual influence between foster parents and children. Foster care services should support foster parents' needs within a concentric modular system, to ultimately provide better care for both foster parents and children.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child, Foster; Emotional Adjustment; Foster Home Care; Humans; Middle Aged; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Parents; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 34682659
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010916 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022The present meta-analysis investigated the overall and differential efficacy of digital cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) vs. third-generation CBTs deployed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The Efficacy of Digital Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions in Supporting the Psychological Adjustment and Sleep Quality of Pregnant Women with Sub-Clinical Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
The present meta-analysis investigated the overall and differential efficacy of digital cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) vs. third-generation CBTs deployed to pregnant women in reducing sub-clinical depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms while fostering sleep quality and quality of life. A PRISMA-guided systematic search was used, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the above-mentioned interventions. Data were pooled using either the mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD). Sub-group analyses were carried out when appropriate. The primary outcomes were depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, as well as sleep quality and quality of life. The interventions' acceptability was evaluated through the odds ratio (OR) of drop-out rates. Seven RCTs were included, comprising 1873 pregnant women. The results showed the interventions' efficacy in terms of reducing depression symptoms (SMD = -0.36, CI = 0.61, -0.11, k = 9) at the endpoint, although it was not maintained at follow-up during the postpartum period. The interventions' efficacy in terms of reducing anxiety symptoms (SMD = 1.96, CI = -2.72, -1.21, k = 3) at the endpoint was also significant, while having no effect on sleep quality. The interventions were well accepted (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 0.84, 3.35; k = 7). Although no sound conclusions can be drawn concerning the joint or differential efficacy of the considered interventions, this study was useful in highlighting the need to develop evidence-based digital prevention programs for pregnant women with sub-clinical symptoms.
Topics: Cognition; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depression; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Sleep Quality
PubMed: 35954901
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159549 -
Journal of American College Health : J... Jul 2023This study examined rumination as a mediator of the relationship between dispositional mindfulness (DM) and depression, loneliness, and anxiety, while considering gender...
OBJECTIVE
This study examined rumination as a mediator of the relationship between dispositional mindfulness (DM) and depression, loneliness, and anxiety, while considering gender as a moderator of these mediation models.
PARTICIPANTS
Three hundred and nineteen undergraduate students (49.5% female; = 18.90 years) participated with data collected from January 2018 to April 2019.
METHODS
Self-report measures of DM, rumination, symptoms of anxiety and depression, loneliness, and social support were completed.
RESULTS
Males scored significantly higher than females on DM, while females scored significantly higher than males on rumination and psychological distress. Rumination mediated the relationship between DM and all adjustment variables. The mediation model predicting depression was moderated by gender, showing stronger effects for females than males.
CONCLUSION
Results support rumination as a mechanism underlying the association between DM and psychological adjustment and suggest that targeting both DM and rumination could maximize the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for college students' well-being.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Emotional Adjustment; Mindfulness; Personality; Rumination, Cognitive; Self Report; Sex Factors; Students; Universities; United States
PubMed: 34437827
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1943411 -
The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine Nov 2021Following a spinal cord injury or disability (SCI/D), cognitive appraisals are a marker of psychological adjustment. The present study evaluated the clinical utility...
Following a spinal cord injury or disability (SCI/D), cognitive appraisals are a marker of psychological adjustment. The present study evaluated the clinical utility and discriminant validity of the Appraisals of DisAbility Primary and Secondary Scale - Short Form (ADAPSS-sf). The ADAPSS-sf was evaluated on 1. identification of individuals experiencing poor psychological adjustment and 2. prediction of life satisfaction beyond measures of emotional distress. A retrospective study was completed using ROC analyses and odds ratios to identify the clinical utility of the ADAPSS-sf. In addition, blocked hierarchical regression explored the ADAPSS-sf predictive characteristics for satisfaction with life beyond measures of emotional distress. Veteran's Health Administration SCI Center. Ninety outpatient veterans with SCI/Ds. Measures of psychological adjustment post-SCI/D included the PHQ-9, GAD-7, PC-PTSD, and the Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The ADAPSS-sf was used as a measure of cognitive appraisals. Results indicated the ADAPSS-sf is effective in identification of poor psychological adjustment, P < .001. Diagnostic odds ratios and ADAPSS-sf cut scores were selected to prioritize sensitivity (7.17, ≤ 11), specificity (68.25, ≥ 22), or a balance of the two (16.32, ≤ 19). Hierarchical regression indicated the ADAPSS-sf accounted for unique variance in life satisfaction beyond measures of emotional distress, (Δ = .20, = -.66, (89) = 6.54, P < .001). Results indicated SCI/D specific appraisals are predictive of concurrent poor psychological adjustment and provide insight into satisfaction with life beyond measures of emotional distress.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Emotional Adjustment; Humans; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Cord Injuries; Veterans
PubMed: 32406809
DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2020.1754650 -
The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal :... Jul 2019Although cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) has been a focus of psychological research for a number of years, investigation of adjustment to other, rarer craniofacial...
Although cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) has been a focus of psychological research for a number of years, investigation of adjustment to other, rarer craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) has been scarce. Yet, many features of the journey experienced by patients with CL/P could also have relevance for those affected by other CFAs and vice versa. This brief article summarizes the literature pertaining to psychological adjustment across both craniofacial groups, as represented by several prominent review articles. Similarities across the 2 patient groups in relation to key domains of psychological adjustment and corresponding factors are identified. Consequently, a standardized approach to measurement across all congenital craniofacial conditions is proposed, alongside suggestions for the potential application of similar intervention frameworks and clinical approaches.
Topics: Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Emotional Adjustment; Humans
PubMed: 29652532
DOI: 10.1177/1055665618770183 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2020Emergency situations have been associated with negative psychological adjustment outcomes in healthcare professionals, although studies on the impact of the Coronavirus...
Psychological Adjustment of Healthcare Workers in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction between Frontline and Non-Frontline Professionals.
Emergency situations have been associated with negative psychological adjustment outcomes in healthcare professionals, although studies on the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic amongst Italian health workers are limited. The main aim of this study was to investigate the psychological adjustment of healthcare professionals during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, evaluating differences according to working or not with patients affected by COVID-19 and in areas with a more severe spread of this pandemic. Healthcare professionals' attitudes toward psychological support were analyzed. The levels of anxiety, depression, psychological stress, and professional quality of life (compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue) and attitudes toward psychological support were measured among 627 Italian healthcare workers (mean age = 40.55 years; SD = 11.49; range: 27-72). Significantly higher levels of stress, burnout, secondary trauma, anxiety, and depression were observed among professionals working with COVID-19 patients. Higher levels of stress and burnout and lower levels of compassion satisfaction were detected in professionals working in areas with higher rates of contagion. No interaction effects were found between working (or not) with patients affected by COVID-19 and working (or not) in areas with a more severe diffusion of this pandemic. Finally, in the group of professionals who worked with COVID-19 patients, the percentage of professionals who thought to ask for psychological support was twice that of the group that did not work with COVID-19 patients. The overall findings indicate that the mental health of frontline healthcare workers requires further consideration and that targeted prevention and intervention programs are necessary.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Betacoronavirus; Burnout, Professional; COVID-19; Compassion Fatigue; Coronavirus Infections; Depression; Emotional Adjustment; Empathy; Health Personnel; Humans; Italy; Middle Aged; Pandemics; Personal Satisfaction; Pneumonia, Viral; Quality of Life; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33198084
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228358 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2020Dispositional personality characteristics may play a role in psychosocial adjustment to any disease, including cancer.
UNLABELLED
Dispositional personality characteristics may play a role in psychosocial adjustment to any disease, including cancer.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify personality profiles in breast cancer patients and to determine whether these profiles are associated with psychological adjustment or psychopathology.
METHODS
Participants were 109 women (mean age, 52.01) diagnosed with breast cancer. They completed the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III), the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Positive and Negative Affect Scales.
RESULTS
The analysis revealed two different personality profiles: (a) one group, comprising 38.23% of the sample, was characterized by paranoid, negativistic, and dependent personality traits and was considered as a "vulnerable group"; and (b) another group (61.77%) was characterized by compulsive, histrionic, and narcissistic personality traits and was considered as a "psychologically adjusted group". The vulnerable group scored higher than the psychologically adjusted group on all clinical syndromes, with scores above 60 on the anxiety, somatoform, dysthymic, and bipolar scales (score on anxiety being above 75); in contrast, the psychologically adjusted group did not reach a base rate score of 60 on any of the clinical syndromes, showing no manifestations of psychopathology. Additionally, the vulnerable group scored lower than the psychologically adjusted group on optimism, life satisfaction, and positive affect, but higher on negative affect.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that personality traits could affect the psychological adjustment of breast cancer survivors. We discuss the implications of belonging to each group and highlight the importance of early identification of vulnerable women in order to facilitate clinical and psychological support.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Breast Neoplasms; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 33348619
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249452 -
Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult... Jun 2023The third Cancer Plan (2014-2019) has helped with the recognition of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer's medical and psychosocial specificities and has... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
The third Cancer Plan (2014-2019) has helped with the recognition of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer's medical and psychosocial specificities and has enabled the creation of dedicated structures in France. The study involved 43 AYA patients ( = 21; = 22) between 15 and 27 years old ( = 19.9), diagnosed with all types of cancer, and were recruited in two French cancer centers. Online questionnaires were filled in 2 months after the beginning of treatment. AYAs completed measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived social support, and coping strategies. Results demonstrated moderate depressive symptoms ( = 10.7, standard deviation [SD] = 7.0) and suggested a good satisfaction ( = 30, SD = 9.5) and a mild availability ( = 27, SD = 10.3) of the social support. Spearman's correlations demonstrated that coping strategies are related to depressive symptoms, for which acceptance ( < 0.01) of the disease played a key role in their psychological adjustment. Perceived social support subscales were positively correlated with the use of distraction as a coping strategy ( < 0.05). Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated the preferential use of instrumental ( < 0.05) and emotional support ( < 0.01), denial ( < 0.01), and self-blame ( < 0.01) for women and the use of acceptance ( < 0.05) and humor ( < 0.05) for men; and there were no significant differences between patients hospitalized in the two cancer center facilities. Finally, a better understanding of the psychological adjustment and processes among French AYAs with cancer will help families and processionals to better adjust AYA-specific needs at the beginning of cancer treatment. : NCT03964116.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Adaptation, Psychological; Emotional Adjustment; Neoplasms; Perception; Social Support
PubMed: 36067271
DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2022.0034 -
Developmental Psychology Jan 2023Parent-adolescent interactions can be very loving, although both parties might not always agree. The level of and discrepancy between ratings on parenting style are...
Parent-adolescent interactions can be very loving, although both parties might not always agree. The level of and discrepancy between ratings on parenting style are indicators for functioning within the family, affecting adolescents' psychological adjustment. This 4-year multiinformant study focuses on emotional warmth in parenting as a precursor for changes in adolescents' psychological adjustment. Altogether, 1,817 German adolescents and their parents report on the quality of their parental warmth, and the former additionally rates their emotional and social problems. Combining the latent true intraindividual change (TIC) and latent congruence (LCM) models, the results indicated that a higher level of jointly perceived parental warmth is linked to more positive adjustment for adolescents, whereas a discrepant rating in terms of a parental overreporting is associated with a lower adjustment. The meaning of shared and discrepant mother-adolescent and father-adolescent ratings for adolescents' psychological adjustment during late childhood and early adolescence is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Child; Male; Mothers; Emotional Adjustment; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Parenting; Adolescent Behavior; Fathers
PubMed: 36395045
DOI: 10.1037/dev0001473 -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Jan 2022This study examined the phenomenon of sibling violence in Singapore. The underlying mechanisms through which maternal authoritativeness and maladaptive coping influenced...
This study examined the phenomenon of sibling violence in Singapore. The underlying mechanisms through which maternal authoritativeness and maladaptive coping influenced psychological adjustment following sibling violence were also investigated. Questionnaires were administered to 287 female and 128 male Singaporean college students between the ages of 18 to 27. Results showed that lifetime and past-year prevalence estimates of sibling violence in college students in Singapore were 89.9% and 62.0%, respectively. Lifetime psychological sibling violence involvement and past-year sibling violence involvement (both physical and psychological) were significantly related to maladaptive coping and overall psychological adjustment; lifetime sibling violence involvement was significantly related to maternal authoritativeness, anxiety, and depression only. Maladaptive coping was found to be a significant mediator between past-year physical and psychological sibling violence involvement and two measures of psychological adjustment, anxiety and depression. Maternal authoritativeness functioned as a moderator only for the relationship between past-year psychological sibling violence exposure and psychological adjustment. At low but not high levels of maternal authoritativeness, past-year psychological violence involvement was significantly related to higher levels of anxiety and depression, and lower levels of self-esteem. These findings show that sibling violence is a pervasive problem in Asian countries as well, such as in Singapore. There is a need to educate both the public and the relevant authorities so that steps can be taken to protect those who have experienced or are at risk of experiencing such violence. Through elucidating the role of maternal authoritativeness and maladaptive coping, the present study also suggests new avenues for interventions to reduce the adverse effects of sibling violence. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Humans; Male; Siblings; Violence; Young Adult
PubMed: 32383633
DOI: 10.1177/0886260520917510