-
The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal :... Jan 2019Recognition of the challenges inherent in psychology research related to cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and other craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) is far from novel; yet...
BACKGROUND
Recognition of the challenges inherent in psychology research related to cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and other craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) is far from novel; yet these challenges continue to limit progress within the field. The aim of the present article was to illustrate these challenges by utilizing data extracted from 2 recent literature reviews pertaining to psychological adjustment within CL/P and CFA research.
DESIGN
Data relating to 148 CL/P and 41 CFA studies were extracted, summarized, and compared, using percentages, figures, and χ calculations.
RESULTS
Comparable patterns were observed in both populations in relation to small sample sizes, wide age ranges, a reliance on data collection from single sites, and limited global coverage. Similarly, only one-third of all studies had used a comparison group, 42% of studies did not include the patient perspective, and fewer than 10% of studies had collected data longitudinally. Qualitative research was lacking across both populations, but particularly in relation to CFA. A higher proportion of CFA studies utilized validated measures and were less likely to exclude patients with additional anomalies. CFA studies most frequently focused on behavior and overall quality of life, while CL/P studies tended to investigate emotional well-being and social experiences.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings illustrate the variability in research approaches, sampling, measurement, and analysis across both populations. There is a pressing need to address key methodological issues within craniofacial research and to examine the possible similarities and condition-specific differences between CL/P and other congenital craniofacial anomalies.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Emotional Adjustment; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 29652530
DOI: 10.1177/1055665618769661 -
Journal of Adolescence Apr 2022Adolescents with an immigrant background, whether first-generation (born abroad) or second-generation (at least one parent born abroad), face challenges that could...
INTRODUCTION
Adolescents with an immigrant background, whether first-generation (born abroad) or second-generation (at least one parent born abroad), face challenges that could compromise their psychological adjustment compared to their third-plus generation peers. Yet, many are developing positively despite the presence of adversity. To understand what contributes to these adolescents' resilience, it can be useful to study the coping strategies they use.
METHODS
A total of 1036 Canadian secondary school students participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study (M = 12.9; 56% females; 26% first-generation; 34% second generation; 39% third-plus generation). Coping strategies (coping orientation to problems experienced inventory) were assessed and their differentiated associations with self-esteem, anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) were analyzed through path analysis and invariance testing.
RESULTS
First-generation adolescents reported more acceptance/reinterpretation and substance use than second- and third-plus generation adolescents. First- and second-generation adolescents reported using religion more than third-plus generation adolescents. First-generation adolescents used self-distraction more often than second-generation adolescents, who used it more often than third-plus generation. The use of humor was more prevalent in second-generation adolescents compared with their third-plus generation peers. In addition, some associations between coping strategies and psychological adjustment differed across generations. In first-generation adolescents, behavioral disengagement was significantly associated with fewer anxiety symptoms. The same trend was observed in second-generation adolescents who used self-distraction. These avoidant strategies are generally associated with poor psychological adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS
This study adds new knowledge about differences across generations in the coping strategies used by adolescents to deal with stress. Further practical implications are discussed.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Anxiety; Canada; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Humans; Male; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 35390195
DOI: 10.1002/jad.12040 -
Revista Latino-americana de Enfermagem 2024the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between death distress, psychological adjustment, optimism, pessimism and perceived stress among nurses working...
OBJECTIVE
the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between death distress, psychological adjustment, optimism, pessimism and perceived stress among nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHOD
this study was designed as cross-sectional/cohort. The population of the study involved 408 nurses from Northern Cyprus, which are registered as full members of the Nurse Council. The sample comprised 214 nurses, who volunteered to participate in the study. The study data was collected using a web-based online survey (Demographic form, the Coronavirus Stress Measure, The Optimism and Pessimism Questionnaire, The Brief Adjustment Scale-6, The Death Distress Scale).
RESULTS
the results indicated that perceived stress significantly and negatively predicted optimism (β = -0.21, p < 0.001) and pessimism (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). Perceived stress had significant and positive predictive effects on psychological adjustment (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) and death distress (β = 0.17, p < 0.01). Further analysis results revealed that pessimism mediates the association of stress with psychological adjustment and death distress; however, optimism only mediates the effect of stress on psychological adjustment among nurses.
CONCLUSION
a low level of pessimism is effective in strengthening nurses' psychological adjustment skills againt perceived stress and death distress. Nurses should consider behavioral strategies to help reduce the level of pessimism during periods such as pandemics.
BACKGROUND
(1) High levels of perceived stress increased higher score of psychological adjustment. (2) Pessimism mediates the association of stress with adjustment and death distress. (3) Optimism only mediates the effect of stress on psychological adjustment among nurses.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Optimism; Female; Adult; Male; Pessimism; Middle Aged; Pandemics; Emotional Adjustment; Nurses; Cyprus; Attitude to Death; Adaptation, Psychological; Cohort Studies; Stress, Psychological; Psychological Distress; SARS-CoV-2; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 38695430
DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.7068.4173 -
Research in Developmental Disabilities Feb 2019At present, there is no information about the course of psychological adjustment in young subjects with Möbius sequence (MS) and their parents' strain and life...
AIMS/METHODS
At present, there is no information about the course of psychological adjustment in young subjects with Möbius sequence (MS) and their parents' strain and life satisfaction. To fill this gap, we performed a four-year follow-up study. Parents were anonymously asked to fill out the Child Behavior Checklist 4-18 [CBCL/ 4-18] or the Young Adult Behavior Checklist 18-30 [YABCL/ 18-30] and the Freiburger Personality Inventory-Revised [FPI-R], subscales strain and life satisfaction.
RESULTS
12 males and 14 females (mean: 15.20 years, standard deviation: 3.48 years) could be included in the follow-up (response rate: 83.9%).Compared to the general population, subjects with MS showed significantly higher scores on almost all CBCL scales (exception: externalizing problems) at T1 and T2. At both study times, parental strain and life satisfaction were not significantly different from findings in the general population. No significant longitudinal changes could be found for CBLC scales, parental strain and life satisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS
Problems with psychological adjustment seem to be frequent among younger subjects with MS. Therefore, careful monitoring as well as early and adequate interventions, if indicated, are crucial for subjects with MS, not only with regard to somatic complaints but also to aspects of adjustment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Caregivers; Child; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Mobius Syndrome; Parents; Personal Satisfaction; Stress, Psychological; Young Adult
PubMed: 30466036
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.11.004 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jan 2023Parents play a critical role in adolescents' psychological adjustment, especially in stress response. Few studies have investigated parental impact on adolescents'...
BACKGROUND
Parents play a critical role in adolescents' psychological adjustment, especially in stress response. Few studies have investigated parental impact on adolescents' psychological adjustment in the pandemic. The longitudinal study examined how parental psychosocial factors at the surging period of the pandemic (T1) in China predicted adolescents' anxiety and depression concurrently and at the remission periods three (T2) and six months (T3) later.
METHODS
Middle and high school students and their parents from three schools in Shanghai, China, completed online surveys on March 10, 2020 (T1), June 16, 2020 (T2), and Sep 25, 2020 (T3). Adolescents' anxiety/depression levels were assessed by matching self- and parent-reports at T1, T2, T3, and parents reported their psychological state (emotion and psychopathology), pandemic response (appraisal and coping), and perceived social support (PSS) at T1.
RESULTS
Parental positive/negative emotions, anxiety, depression, control-appraisal, forward- and trauma-focus coping style and PSS were all significantly related to their children's anxiety/depression at T1. All factors, except coping style, predicted adolescents' anxiety/depression at T2 and T3, even after controlling for T1 adjustment levels. Parental positive emotion and depression had the strongest impact on adolescents' adjustment.
LIMITATIONS
Some participants didn't complete the surveys at later time points, and the participants were only recruited in Shanghai.
CONCLUSIONS
The study found that parents' psychosocial factors played a pivotal role on adolescents' psychological adjustment during COVID-19, highlighting the need to provide help to parents who were suffering from potential psychological distress.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; Emotional Adjustment; Parent-Child Relations; Longitudinal Studies; COVID-19; China; Parents
PubMed: 36183815
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.134 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa May 2017The outcomes of cardiovascular disease are consistently worse among women, regardless of age or disease severity. Such trend might arise from psychosocial factors,...
INTRODUCTION
The outcomes of cardiovascular disease are consistently worse among women, regardless of age or disease severity. Such trend might arise from psychosocial factors, which should be examined in this population. Obective: To evaluate the influence of type-D personality on anxiety and depression symptoms reported by female patients after a first acute coronary syndrome.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
As part of a larger study, 34 female patients with a first acute coronary syndrome were compared with 43 controls on psychosocial measures (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; type-D personality, DS - 14).
RESULTS
Hypertension (p < 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.05), dyslipidemia (p < 0.05), type-D personality (p = 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001) were more prevalent among patients. Exercise (p < 0.05) and antidepressant use (p < 0.05) were more common among controls. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that higher prevalence of hypertension (p < 0.05), dyslipidemia (p < 0.05), type-D personality (p < 0.05), anxiety (p < 0.05) and less antidepressant use (p < 0.05), were independently associated with acute coronary syndrome. Type-D personality was associated with higher Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores in controls (anxiety: p = 0.001; depression: p < 0.001) but not in patients.
DISCUSSION
High anxiety after an acute coronary syndrome might reflect a short-term adaptive response, albeit worsening the disease long-term prognosis. The lack of differences in some group comparisons (patients versus controls for depression scores; type-D 'positive' versus type-D 'negative' for anxiety and depression scores within patients) is discussed.
CONCLUSION
Type-D personality, high anxiety, hypertension and dyslipidemia seem to cluster among female acute coronary syndrome patients. Nevertheless, type-D personality itself was not associated with higher anxiety and depressive scores during the post-acute period.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Anxiety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Type D Personality
PubMed: 28865501
DOI: 10.20344/amp.7871 -
Revista Espanola de Salud Publica May 2020The implantation of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) influences the psychological adjustment and the degree of subjective discomfort. The objective of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
The implantation of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) influences the psychological adjustment and the degree of subjective discomfort. The objective of this work was to analyze differences in psychological adjustment, fear of shocks and the degree of subjective discomfort derived from the illness depending on the reasons for implantation (primary vs secondary).
METHODS
A sample of 82 patients with an ICD, for primary (58.5%) or secondary (41.5%) prevention indications was studied. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and List of Brief Symptoms (LBS-50) was used. Descriptive univariate and bivariate analysis, t-tests on mean differences for independent samples and z-tests on proportion differences were performed.
RESULTS
Regarding psychological adjustment, 43.9% of the patients reported to have sleeping disorder, regardless the type of prevention. A greater percentage of patients of primary prevention had scored higher in clinical scales. The 29.4% of patients with secondary prevention reported to be afraid of experiencing some shock. The 25% of patients whose type of prevention was primary showed severe or moderate level of subjective discomfort derived from the illness compared with the 14.7% of the secondary prevention patients (p=0.7).
CONCLUSIONS
The patients with an ICD show symptoms clinically significant in Psychoactivity, Obsession-Compulsion, Anxiety, Somatization, Sleeping disorders and Psychopathology Risk Index. Both groups, regardless the type of prevention showed a similar psychological adjustment. Regarding the fear of shocks and the degree of subjective discomfort derived from the illness, no statistically significant differences between the groups were found.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Defibrillators, Implantable; Emotional Adjustment; Humans; Primary Prevention; Secondary Prevention; Spain; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32458822
DOI: No ID Found -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2023The aim: Establishment of emotional and behavioral ways of student response to the coronavirus pandemic, the assessment of dominant coping strategies, and the prevalence...
OBJECTIVE
The aim: Establishment of emotional and behavioral ways of student response to the coronavirus pandemic, the assessment of dominant coping strategies, and the prevalence of neurotic states and stress among students.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: The research used a specially developed questionnaire and a block of psychodiagnostic methods for diagnosing manifestations of neurotic conditions in students (Clinical questionnaire for the detection and assessment of neurotic conditions by K.K. Yakhin, D.M. Mendelevich), the level of psychological stress (Psychological Stress Scale PSM-25) and basic coping strategies (R. Lazarus' "Coping Strategies" questionnaire). The sample consisted of 213 respondents (119 girls, and 94 boys).
RESULTS
Results: Among Ukrainian students, the dominant reactions to the pandemic are depressive disorders, anxiety, and fears, a third of students self-reported autonomic disorders. The stress level is moderate. Girls react to the pandemic situation with more serious mental health disorders compared to boys. The use of all coping strategies was recorded at a high level of stress, which suggests that students have already exhausted their adaptation potential and are maladapted to the current conditions.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: The study confirms the negative impact of the pandemic on the mental health of young people. The relationship between the type of response to the pandemic and the severity of neurotic disorders and stress was established. Available mental resources to cope with a difficult situation are exhausted, so students prefer to avoid and ignore stressful information. This creates the need for psychological support and educational activities regarding healthcare techniques.
Topics: Male; Female; Adolescent; Humans; Emotional Adjustment; Pandemics; COVID-19; Adaptation, Psychological; Students
PubMed: 37740975
DOI: 10.36740/WLek202308116 -
Psychology and Psychotherapy Dec 2022Self-compassion is associated with healthy ageing and may be a protection factor of older adults' mental health in face of negative life events and other factors such as...
PURPOSE
Self-compassion is associated with healthy ageing and may be a protection factor of older adults' mental health in face of negative life events and other factors such as insecure attachment. However, fear of self-compassion may constitute an obstacle to promoting self-compassion. The role of self-compassion on the psychological (mal)adjustment of older adults requires further research with robust designs, and fear of self-compassion has not been studied in this population. We will test the moderator and mediator role, respectively, of self-compassion and fear of self-compassion, and we will analyse the longitudinal developmental trajectories of these variables.
METHODS
A repeated-measures design with three data collection moments across 6 months, using a sample (180-200 participants) of community residents aged ≥65 years. Data will be collected using traditional (i.e. pencil-and-paper questionnaires) and online (i.e. Google Forms) methods. Path analyses will be conducted to test moderation and mediation models. Latent growth curve analyses will be conducted to study the within-person change and between-person differences in change over time of self-compassion and fear of self-compassion.
CONCLUSIONS
We expect that participants with higher self-compassion will show better psychological adjustment, regardless of attachment quality and negative life events. We expect that insecure attachment and more negative life events will increase the participants' fear of self-compassion, which will decrease their psychological adjustment. Additionally, we expect that self-compassion and fear of self-compassion will show stable developmental trajectories during 6 months. Our results will contribute to better understand protection factors of older adults' mental health, which may guide future psychological interventions.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Empathy; Self-Compassion; Surveys and Questionnaires; Fear; Emotional Adjustment
PubMed: 35833498
DOI: 10.1111/papt.12414 -
BMJ Open Mar 2024Death anxiety (DA) refers to the negative emotions experienced when a person reflects on the inevitability of their own death, which is common among patients with...
OBJECTIVES
Death anxiety (DA) refers to the negative emotions experienced when a person reflects on the inevitability of their own death, which is common among patients with cancer. It is crucial to understand the causes, coping styles and adjustment processes related to DA. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the adaptation process and outcome of patients with advanced cancer with DA and to provide evidence-based support for the development of targeted intervention measures to improve the mental health of such patients.
DESIGN
This cross-sectional qualitative study sampled patients with advanced cancer (n=20). Grounded theory procedures were used to analyse transcripts and a theoretical model generated.
SETTING
All interviewees in this study were from a tertiary oncology hospital in Hunan Province, China. The data analysis followed the constructive grounded theory method, involving constant comparison and memo writing.
PARTICIPANTS
A purposive and theoretical sampling approach was used to recruit 20 patients with advanced cancer with diverse characteristics.
RESULTS
A total of 20 participants were included in the study. Four stages of DA in patients with advanced cancer were extracted from the interview data: (1) death reminder and prominence; (2) perception and association; (3) defence and control; (4) transformation and Acceptance.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights the psychological status and coping strategies of dynamic nature of patients with advanced cancer when confronted with negative emotions associated with death. It emphasises the importance of timely identification of DA in psychological nursing for patients with advanced cancer and the need for targeted psychological interventions based on their specific psychological processes.
IMPLICATIONS
Knowing interventions that aim to promote the integration of internal and external resources, enhance self-esteem and facilitate a calm and accepting attitude towards death could ultimately reduce the overall DA of patients with advanced cancer.
Topics: Humans; Emotional Adjustment; Cross-Sectional Studies; Neoplasms; China; Anxiety; Adaptation, Psychological
PubMed: 38458799
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080220