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International Journal of Psychology :... Jun 2016The purpose of this article is to provide information about Japan and its psychology in advance of the 31st International Congress of Psychology (ICP), to be held in...
The purpose of this article is to provide information about Japan and its psychology in advance of the 31st International Congress of Psychology (ICP), to be held in Yokohama, Japan, in 2016. The article begins with the introduction of the Japanese Psychological Association (JPA), the hosting organization of the ICP 2016, and the Japanese Union of Psychological Associations consisting of 51 associations/societies, of which the JPA is a member. This is followed by a brief description of a history of psychology of Japan, with emphasis on the variation in our approach to psychology in three different periods, that is, the pre- and post-Pacific War periods, and the post-1960 period. Next, the international contributions of Japanese psychology/psychologists are discussed from the point of view of their visibility. Education and training in psychology in Japanese universities is discussed with a final positive remark about the long-awaited enactment of the Accredited Psychologist Law in September, 2015.
Topics: Congresses as Topic; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Japan; Psychology; Societies
PubMed: 26892102
DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12258 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Apr 2020Specific features of ancestral ecologies had implications for the evolution of psychological mechanisms that regulate specific aspects of human cognition and behavior... (Review)
Review
Specific features of ancestral ecologies had implications for the evolution of psychological mechanisms that regulate specific aspects of human cognition and behavior within contemporary ecologies. These mechanisms produce predictably different attitudes, judgments and behavioral dispositions under different circumstances. This article summarizes two illustrative programs of research-one that focuses on the evolved psychology of disease-avoidance and its many implications, and the other that focuses on the evolved psychology of parental care-giving and its many implications. These programs of research exemplify the generative utility of evolutionary psychological conceptual methods within the domain of socio-ecological psychology.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Biological Evolution; Caregivers; Humans; Immune System Phenomena; Parents; Psychology; Social Environment
PubMed: 31336251
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.020 -
The American Psychologist 2010Evolutionary psychology has emerged over the past 15 years as a major theoretical perspective, generating an increasing volume of empirical studies and assuming a larger... (Review)
Review
Evolutionary psychology has emerged over the past 15 years as a major theoretical perspective, generating an increasing volume of empirical studies and assuming a larger presence within psychological science. At the same time, it has generated critiques and remains controversial among some psychologists. Some of the controversy stems from hypotheses that go against traditional psychological theories; some from empirical findings that may have disturbing implications; some from misunderstandings about the logic of evolutionary psychology; and some from reasonable scientific concerns about its underlying framework. This article identifies some of the most common concerns and attempts to elucidate evolutionary psychology's stance pertaining to them. These include issues of testability and falsifiability; the domain specificity versus domain generality of psychological mechanisms; the role of novel environments as they interact with evolved psychological circuits; the role of genes in the conceptual structure of evolutionary psychology; the roles of learning, socialization, and culture in evolutionary psychology; and the practical value of applied evolutionary psychology. The article concludes with a discussion of the limitations of current evolutionary psychology.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Behavior; Biological Evolution; Environment; Genes; Humans; Models, Psychological; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental
PubMed: 20141266
DOI: 10.1037/a0018413 -
The American Psychologist Nov 2021Psychology's role in public life and social issues has been of longstanding concern throughout the discipline. In a historical moment of tremendous social, political,...
Psychology's role in public life and social issues has been of longstanding concern throughout the discipline. In a historical moment of tremendous social, political, and economic strife and a global pandemic, this special issue of American Psychologist seeks to extend important discourse about the concept of public psychology. The articles included in the special issue address a range of interconnected themes, including: (a) centering social problems, (b) engaging diverse publics in knowledge creation, (c) communicating and democratizing psychological knowledge, and (d) rethinking what constitutes psychology. In this introduction, the guest editors contextualize the special issue, identify its aims, and highlight the key contributions of the included articles. The guest editors argue that realizing an expansive and transformative public psychology will require structural, substantive changes within the discipline to place community concerns at the center of psychology. Nonetheless, bolstered by the insights of the special issue's contributors, the guest editors conclude with cautious optimism that psychology has much to offer in addressing the most pressing social problems of the 21st century. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Knowledge; Pandemics; Psychology; Social Problems; United States
PubMed: 35113588
DOI: 10.1037/amp0000933 -
The American Psychologist Oct 2014Starting in the 1960s, many of the critiques of psychological science offered by feminist psychologists focused on its methods and epistemology. This article evaluates... (Review)
Review
Starting in the 1960s, many of the critiques of psychological science offered by feminist psychologists focused on its methods and epistemology. This article evaluates the current state of psychological science in relation to this feminist critique. The analysis relies on sources that include the PsycINFO database, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, 2010), and popular psychology methods textbooks. After situating the feminist critique within the late-20th-century shift of science from positivism to postpositivism, the inquiry examines feminists' claims of androcentric bias in (a) the underrepresentation of women as researchers and research participants and (b) researchers' practices in comparing women and men and describing their research findings. In most of these matters, psychology manifests considerable change in directions advocated by feminists. However, change is less apparent in relation to some feminists' criticisms of psychology's reliance on laboratory experimentation and quantitative methods. In fact, the analyses documented the rarity in high-citation journals of qualitative research that does not include quantification. Finally, the analysis frames feminist methodological critiques by a consideration of feminist epistemologies that challenge psychology's dominant postpositivism. Scrutiny of methods textbooks and journal content suggests that within psychological science, especially as practiced in the United States, these alternative epistemologies have not yet gained substantial influence.
Topics: Feminism; History, 20th Century; Humans; Postmodernism; Psychology
PubMed: 25046701
DOI: 10.1037/a0037372 -
Integrative Psychological & Behavioral... Sep 2016This paper discusses the need for contextualization and reflection of psychological theorizing within its respective cultural and historical context. By acknowledging... (Review)
Review
This paper discusses the need for contextualization and reflection of psychological theorizing within its respective cultural and historical context. By acknowledging the anthropological assumptions which form a key part of every psychological theory and connect psychological thinking with broader cultural values, norms, ideals and meanings, psychologists can gain a deeper understanding of the limits of their own theories. It is argued that the prolonged debate within academic psychology concerning its status and methodology which became famous as "psychology's crisis" is an effect of the neglect of these implicit anthropological assumptions. Especially as cultural and cultural-historical psychologists, we should avoid the improper universalization of particular models of what defines a human being.
Topics: Anthropology, Cultural; Humans; Psychological Theory; Psychology
PubMed: 26910038
DOI: 10.1007/s12124-016-9343-9 -
Perspectives on Psychological Science :... Mar 2022A debate surrounding modularity-the notion that the mind may be exclusively composed of distinct systems or modules-has held philosophers and psychologists captive for...
A debate surrounding modularity-the notion that the mind may be exclusively composed of distinct systems or modules-has held philosophers and psychologists captive for nearly 40 years. Concern about this thesis-which has come to be known as the serves as the primary grounds for skepticism of evolutionary psychology's claims about the mind. In this article we argue that the entirety of this debate, and the very notion of massive modularity itself, is ill-posed and confused. In particular, it is based on a confusion about the level of analysis (or reduction) at which one is approaching the mind. Here we provide a framework for clarifying at what level of analysis one is approaching the mind and explain how a systemic failure to distinguish between different levels of analysis has led to profound misunderstandings of not only evolutionary psychology but also of the entire cognitivist enterprise of approaching the mind at the level of the mechanism. We furthermore suggest that confusions between different levels of analysis are endemic throughout the psychological sciences-extending well beyond issues of modularity and evolutionary psychology. Therefore, researchers in all areas should take preventive measures to avoid this confusion in the future.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Humans; Psychology
PubMed: 34730453
DOI: 10.1177/1745691621997113 -
Tijdschrift Voor Gerontologie En... Jun 2000
Review
Topics: Aged; Aging; Geriatric Psychiatry; Geriatrics; Humans; Netherlands; Psychology
PubMed: 10900661
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care... May 2013
Review
Topics: Continuity of Patient Care; Education, Medical; Humans; Patient Care Team; Psychology, Clinical; Trauma Centers; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 23609290
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182858ab9 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Dec 1991Psychology's impact as an ergogenic aid across sports and competitive levels has been well documented. In addition, exercise can play a major role in disease prevention... (Review)
Review
Psychology's impact as an ergogenic aid across sports and competitive levels has been well documented. In addition, exercise can play a major role in disease prevention and health enhancement while also enhancing psychological well-being. In addition to its preventive value, exercise is being recognized as a valuable therapeutic tool. Like most therapeutic modalities, however, exercise also has some potentially negative qualities.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Behavior; Exercise; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Psychology; Sports Medicine; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 1810608
DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.25.4.178