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Child and Adolescent Psychiatric... Jul 2004This article describes psychosexual outcomes and issues in syndromes of female pseudohermaphroditism, broadly defined. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the most common... (Review)
Review
This article describes psychosexual outcomes and issues in syndromes of female pseudohermaphroditism, broadly defined. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the most common cause of intersex genitalia at birth, is covered as are Turner Syndrome and syndromes in which XY infants who are born with undervirilized genitalia are assigned and reared as girls (androgen insensitivity syndrome; cloacal exstrophy). The same hormonal abnormalities that cause most physical intersex conditions also influence brain development and behavior; individuals who have intersex conditions can show behavior that is in between that of the typical boy/man and the typical girl/woman. Changes in sex-typical play behavior in childhood are larger than in sexual orientation or core gender identity in adulthood. Most female pseudohermaphrodites, whether XX or XY, who are assigned and reared as girls evolve a feminine core gender identity and primarily are heterosexual. Implications for current debate about the treatment of infants who have ambiguous genitalia are discussed, as is the need for additional research and for consideration of psychologic counseling as part of the treatment program.
Topics: Cognition; Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Personality; Psychosexual Development; Sexual Behavior; Turner Syndrome
PubMed: 15183378
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2004.02.013 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Apr 1986
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Psychosexual Development; Rats; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 3961482
DOI: 10.1126/science.3961482 -
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric... Jul 2004Genetic males who have cloacal exstrophy, a rare, severe pelvic field defect that leads to aphallia, traditionally have been socially, legally, and surgically... (Review)
Review
Genetic males who have cloacal exstrophy, a rare, severe pelvic field defect that leads to aphallia, traditionally have been socially, legally, and surgically sex-assigned female at birth and reared female, despite a male karyotype and a typical male prenatal hormonal milieu. Psychosexual development in such children previously has been unknown. Studies of 29 children revealed that despite the absence of the typical postnatal and pubertal androgen surges and the presence of female genitalia, all female-assigned subjects displayed a marked male-typical shift in psychosocial and psychosexual development. Nearly half of them have declared themselves male. Psychosexual development, including gender identity, in genetic and hormonal male neonates seems to be influenced heavily by prenatal androgen exposure. The clinical practice of surgical sex assignment at birth requires re-evaluation.
Topics: Bladder Exstrophy; Child; Female; Gender Identity; Genitalia, Male; Humans; Male; Psychosexual Development
PubMed: 15183379
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2004.02.009 -
Psychiatria Hungarica : a Magyar... 2022In the recent research and interpretation of the genetical-biological and environmental-social factors shaping psychosexual development, in addition to scientific...
INTRODUCTION
In the recent research and interpretation of the genetical-biological and environmental-social factors shaping psychosexual development, in addition to scientific arguments, more and more ideological and political aspect have received unfortunate emphasis.
OBJECTIVE
Since the literature investigating the development of gender identity and gender orientation has not only increased, but also polarized, it is timely to look at the scientific exchange of ideas and debates among the differing positions.
METHOD
Exploring the significance of genetic, biological and social factors involved in the development of gender identity and gender orientation based on international literature data.
RESULTS
Based on the current state of science it can be concluded that, in addition to the indisputably marked genetic-biological factors, education and social patterns, as well as the extremely complex environmental and media-related influence with its variable intensity and diverse emotional content also play a significant role in the psychosexual development. This is supported, among other observations, by the data indicating that homoerotic behavior is more common in people raised by same-sex couples.
CONCLUSION
As psychosexual development is determined jointly by both genetic-biological and social factors (like education, media etc), belonging to a sexual minority group is not a choice, not the result of a personal decision. Therefore, any kind of discrimination in this regard is unacceptable. Further scientific studies are necessary to answer a large number of questions that still remain open.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Gender Identity; Socialization; Psychosexual Development; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 36524803
DOI: No ID Found -
Psycho-oncology Aug 2018To extend the limited research on psychosexual development among childhood cancer survivors, by not only focusing on the prevalence and age of milestone attainment, but...
OBJECTIVE
To extend the limited research on psychosexual development among childhood cancer survivors, by not only focusing on the prevalence and age of milestone attainment, but also survivors' attitudes toward the timing of reaching such milestones.
METHODS
Adult survivors of childhood cancer (N = 90; M = 29.8, SD = 5.2), recruited from a US pediatric institution, completed online surveys indicating whether they had reached 5 milestones of psychosexual development (ie, first kiss, first boy-/girlfriend, first physical intimacy, sexual debut, first time in love), age at attainment, and perceptions about the timing (ie, right time, wished it had happened earlier, wished they had waited).
RESULTS
Almost all survivors had reached each milestone (≥90%), except for sexual debut (83.3%). Survivors reported their first kiss as the earliest milestone at age 14.6 (N = 82, 92%) and falling in love as the latest milestone at age 18.8 (N = 80; 90%). This timing did not differ by sex/cancer-specific factors. Most survivors (~60%) felt they reached each milestone at the right time. Compared with US normative data, both male and female survivors were less likely to have experienced their sexual debut and were approximately 1.5 years older at sexual debut. Nevertheless, 59% of survivors felt that this timing was right and 31% wished they had waited longer.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to demonstrate that although childhood cancer survivors may delay some aspects of psychosexual development, most are satisfied with this timing. Research and clinical practice should emphasize survivors' perceptions/satisfaction toward psychosexual development rather than focusing only on normative milestone attainment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events; Cancer Survivors; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Personal Satisfaction; Psychosexual Development
PubMed: 29700907
DOI: 10.1002/pon.4746 -
Journal of the Medical Association of... Apr 1961
Topics: Humans; Mental Health; Psychosexual Development; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 13790300
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Biosocial Science Jul 1972
Topics: Adult; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Psychosexual Development; Sexual Behavior; Twins
PubMed: 5064902
DOI: 10.1017/s0021932000008592 -
The Journal of Sexual Medicine Jun 2008Hypospadias is the most common malformation of the penis. Despite the common assumption that hypospadias may affect children's psychosexual development, only a few...
INTRODUCTION
Hypospadias is the most common malformation of the penis. Despite the common assumption that hypospadias may affect children's psychosexual development, only a few studies report on the patients' psychosexual adjustment during childhood and adolescence.
AIM
A comprehensive, cross-sectional investigation of the psychosexual development of boys operated on for hypospadias in comparison to a healthy control group.
METHODS
Sixty-eight children and adolescents (7-17 years) operated on for hypospadias were examined by means of a standardized interview assessing penile self-perception, gender-role behavior, sexual experiences, and sexual attitude. Scores were compared to an age-matched control group consisting of 68 boys after hernia repair. Predictive values of medical variables as well as the patients' knowledge of hypospadias were assessed.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The Pediatric Penile Perception Score, the Gender-Role Questionnaire by Ijntema and Cohen-Kettenis, and a self-developed questionnaire on first sexual experiences and sexual attitude comprised the standardized assessment instruments.
RESULTS
Boys with hypospadias did not significantly differ from the control subjects with regard to penile self-perception, gender-role behavior, first sexual experiences, and sexual attitude. Younger age and the patient's knowledge of hypospadias predicted a more positive penile self-perception, while a more pronounced masculine gender-role behavior was best predicted by younger age at final surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
Boys with corrected hypospadias may show a psychosexual development that is similar to healthy children. Puberty could be a critical time for the patients, however, during which they might require regular urological follow-ups and may benefit from age-appropriate information about their penile condition. Moreover, the later corrective surgery is completed, the more likely the patients may become insecure with regard to gender-role behavior.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Attitude; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Gender Identity; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Hypospadias; Male; Parents; Psychosexual Development; Self Concept; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 18194175
DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00742.x -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Feb 2005
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Development; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Musculoskeletal Development; Personality Development; Psychosexual Development; Puberty; Self Concept; Sex Characteristics; Thinking
PubMed: 15695279
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.330.7486.301 -
Journal of Adolescent Health Care :... Mar 1988This paper presents an ideal-typical model of homosexual identity development that describes how committed homosexuals (i.e., women and men who see themselves as... (Review)
Review
This paper presents an ideal-typical model of homosexual identity development that describes how committed homosexuals (i.e., women and men who see themselves as homosexual and adopt corresponding lifestyles) recall having developed perceptions of themselves as homosexual. The model consists of four stages: sensitization, identity confusion, identity assumption, and commitment. Often-repeated themes in the life histories of lesbians and gay males, clustered according to life stages, provide the content and characteristics of each stage.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Gender Identity; Homosexuality; Humans; Identification, Psychological; Male; Psychosexual Development
PubMed: 3283087
DOI: 10.1016/0197-0070(88)90056-3