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The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Mar 1995Sexual orientation may be defined as the sustained erotic attraction to members of one's own gender, the opposite gender, or both--homosexual, heterosexual, or bisexual,... (Review)
Review
Sexual orientation may be defined as the sustained erotic attraction to members of one's own gender, the opposite gender, or both--homosexual, heterosexual, or bisexual, respectively. Interest in sexual orientation is as old as the science of psychology, yet many fundamental issues remain unresolved. This article reviews research in the development and psychopathology of sexual orientation as well as the results of family and twin studies. Research in genetic linkage, sex hormones, and brain differences also is discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Child; Female; Gender Identity; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Psychosexual Development; Sex Differentiation; Sexual Behavior; Twin Studies as Topic
PubMed: 7761309
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of the American Academy of... 1990
Review
Topics: Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Gender Identity; Homosexuality; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Mother-Child Relations; Personality Development; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychosexual Development
PubMed: 2258315
DOI: 10.1521/jaap.1.1990.18.3.414 -
The American Psychologist Apr 1990This article argues that behavioral differentiation of the sexes is minimal when children are observed or tested individually. Sex differences emerge primarily in social... (Review)
Review
This article argues that behavioral differentiation of the sexes is minimal when children are observed or tested individually. Sex differences emerge primarily in social situations, and their nature varies with the gender composition of dyads and groups. Children find same-sex play partners more compatible, and they segregate themselves into same-sex groups, in which distinctive interaction styles emerge. These styles are described. As children move into adolescence, the patterns they developed in their childhood same-sex groups are carried over into cross-sex encounters in which girls' styles put them at a disadvantage. Patterns of mutual influence can become more symmetrical in intimate male-female dyads, but the distinctive styles of the two sexes can still be seen in such dyads and are subsequently manifested in the roles and relationships of parenthood. The implications of these continuities are considered.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Gender Identity; Humans; Identification, Psychological; Interpersonal Relations; Play and Playthings; Psychosexual Development; Social Environment
PubMed: 2186679
DOI: 10.1037//0003-066x.45.4.513 -
Psychological Reports Aug 1970
Topics: Personality Inventory; Psychosexual Development
PubMed: 5454099
DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1970.27.1.186 -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Dec 1989Freud's psychoanalytic views of female development emphasized the importance of penis envy and the Oedipus complex. Resolution of the Oedipus complex resulted in a... (Review)
Review
Freud's psychoanalytic views of female development emphasized the importance of penis envy and the Oedipus complex. Resolution of the Oedipus complex resulted in a "neurotic" solution, a "masculinity complex" or a normal feminine attitude involving acceptance of anatomic inferiority, passivity, masochism and narcissism. Modern psychoanalytic views have rejected or reformulated many of these theories. Penis envy is seen as a normal phase of development which is resolved in most women. Women have been found to develop strong, albeit different, super ego structures. The female character triad has been questioned and the role of environmental factors emphasized. Efforts continue to develop a comprehensive well-integrated view of female psychology.
Topics: Female; Freudian Theory; Gender Identity; Humans; Identification, Psychological; Personality Development; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychosexual Development
PubMed: 2692805
DOI: 10.1177/070674378903400906 -
The International Journal of... Jan 1964
Topics: Humans; Neurotic Disorders; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Psychosexual Development; Sexual Abstinence; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 14112188
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Psychoanalytic... 1990Following on two decades of longitudinal direct observation of young children, revisions of two component parts of psychosexual theory seem warranted. First, direct...
Following on two decades of longitudinal direct observation of young children, revisions of two component parts of psychosexual theory seem warranted. First, direct observation does not support the concept of a "phallic" phase as being representative of the girl's first genital phase. Observational findings challenge "phallic" concept-dependent hypotheses Freud proposed in 1925, including how the girl enters her Oedipus complex as well as the nature of her wish to have a baby. In the children observed by the author, phallic aggression was not manifest as much in girls as in boys, between the ages of two and four. Second, it is proposed we put aside the "phallic" phase concept in our considerations of the girl's dynamics and that we heighten our awareness of her early experiences of ambivalence--which lie at the heart of the oedipal conflict--and which leads to a formulation of superego development in the girl more compatible with clinical findings.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Freudian Theory; Gender Identity; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Maternal Behavior; Object Attachment; Oedipus Complex; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychosexual Development
PubMed: 2229884
DOI: 10.1177/000306519003800310 -
Journal of Clinical Psychology Jul 1960
Topics: Humans; Psychosexual Development; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 14433264
DOI: 10.1002/1097-4679(196007)16:3<238::aid-jclp2270160304>3.0.co;2-z -
Annual Review of Sex Research 1999
Review
Topics: Culture; Female; Homosexuality, Female; Humans; Psychosexual Development; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 10895248
DOI: No ID Found -
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2005Gender identity disorder entered the psychiatric nomenclature in the DSM-III in 1980. This article reviews three domains of empirical research on gender identity... (Review)
Review
Gender identity disorder entered the psychiatric nomenclature in the DSM-III in 1980. This article reviews three domains of empirical research on gender identity disorder in children and adolescents: diagnosis and assessment, associated psychopathology, and developmental trajectories.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Psychosexual Development; Reproducibility of Results; Transsexualism
PubMed: 17716096
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144050