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The Future of Children 2002Recognizing that most poor families are single-parent families, the federal welfare reform law of 1996 emphasized the responsibility of both parents to support their... (Review)
Review
Recognizing that most poor families are single-parent families, the federal welfare reform law of 1996 emphasized the responsibility of both parents to support their children. In addition to strengthening the child support enforcement system, the law included several provisions designed to decrease childbearing outside of marriage and to promote two-parent families. This article focuses on the important role that fathers play in children's lives and how public policies have affected childbearing and father involvement. Key observations are: Compared with children living with both biological parents, children in father-absent families often have fewer economic and socioemotional resources from their parents, and do not fare as well on many outcome measures. Efforts to reduce the rising number of father-absent families by focusing on preventing unwanted pregnancy among unmarried women, especially teen girls, have met with some success; those programs seeking to alter adolescents' life opportunities in addition to providing education or family planning services appear to hold the most promise. Efforts to encourage greater father involvement by focusing almost exclusively on increasing absent parents' child support payments reap only minimal benefits for poor children because their absent parents often have few resources and little incentive to make support payments. To date, efforts to increase the emotional involvement of unmarried fathers with their children have produced disappointing results, but new research suggests that such programs can make a difference when targeting fathers at the time of a child's birth. Many children spend some time living away from their fathers, deprived of the financial and emotional resources they can provide. Because of the importance of fathers to child well-being, the authors conclude that new directions in research and public policies are needed to encourage greater father involvement across the wide diversity of family arrangements in society today.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Care; Child Welfare; Family Characteristics; Father-Child Relations; Female; Health Planning; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Public Assistance; United States
PubMed: 11980034
DOI: No ID Found -
Mental Health Today (Brighton, England) Nov 2009
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Eligibility Determination; Humans; Job Application; Public Assistance; Unemployment; United Kingdom
PubMed: 20050088
DOI: No ID Found -
Revue Medicale de Liege Sep 1951
Topics: Humans; Public Assistance; Social Security
PubMed: 14865475
DOI: No ID Found -
The Social and Rehabilitation Record Oct 1974
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aid to Families with Dependent Children; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; Public Assistance; Social Control, Formal; United States; Work
PubMed: 4439035
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Review of Sociology = Revue... Aug 2009In the late 1990s, the Canadian social assistance policy changed to focus on reducing "dependency" or long-term receipt. Using data from the Survey of Labour and Income...
In the late 1990s, the Canadian social assistance policy changed to focus on reducing "dependency" or long-term receipt. Using data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (1996-2001) and event history models, we investigate the duration of social assistance receipt for lone mothers and other household heads. We find that lone mothers' education and labor force experience were less important predictors for their duration on social assistance than their previous marital history. Although receipt was generally short term, we find evidence of negative duration dependence, or a "welfare trap," after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. This indicates one way in which a welfare receipt is not only the result of particular life course trajectories but also shapes lives.
Topics: Canada; Data Collection; Family Characteristics; Female; History, 20th Century; Humans; Marriage; Mothers; Proportional Hazards Models; Public Assistance; Public Policy; Single Parent; Social Class; Social Welfare; Time Factors
PubMed: 20027749
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-618x.2009.01211.x -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... May 2001
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Disability Evaluation; Humans; Norway; Pensions; Public Assistance; Social Security
PubMed: 11449765
DOI: No ID Found -
Kangogaku Zasshi Aug 1973
Topics: Financing, Government; Japan; Medical Assistance; Public Assistance
PubMed: 4198414
DOI: No ID Found -
Social Security Bulletin Jan 1983In fiscal year 1981, Congress appropriated $1.85 billion for home heating assistance to help low-income households meet rapidly rising energy costs. Eligibility for...
In fiscal year 1981, Congress appropriated $1.85 billion for home heating assistance to help low-income households meet rapidly rising energy costs. Eligibility for payments was based on income and energy-cost criteria. This procedure represented a departure from the earlier Federal focus of assisting households facing emergency hardships. Funds for the Low-Income Energy Assistance Program were allocated to the 50 States and District of Columbia, six territories, and 55 Indian tribal organizations. This article presents program data and information on the characteristics of the more than 17 million persons who received aid under this program.
Topics: Air Conditioning; Eligibility Determination; Fossil Fuels; Heating; Humans; Income; Indians, North American; Public Assistance; Puerto Rico; United States
PubMed: 6867903
DOI: No ID Found -
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Feb 2001AIDS drug assistance programs (ADAPs) have been implemented in each state to facilitate access to medications for low-income, uninsured, and underinsured people with HIV...
BACKGROUND
AIDS drug assistance programs (ADAPs) have been implemented in each state to facilitate access to medications for low-income, uninsured, and underinsured people with HIV disease. Policies for each ADAP differ, and these differences influence the access people with HIV have to medications.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the coverage of medications and sources of program funding for the state ADAPs.
DESIGN
A self-administered mailed survey, sent to administrators of the 50 state ADAPs and the District of Columbia ADAP in December 1998.
RESULTS
Forty-nine of the 51 ADAPs (96%) responded to the survey. Title II of the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act provided a large majority of the funding for the ADAPs, with a number of states also using state funds and/or Title I funds for their programs. The formularies of all ADAPs were nearly identical with respect to coverage of antiretrovirals, but differed in the number and types of other medications included. Some states limited access to medications through waiting lists, enrollment caps, and other policies. Sixteen ADAPs reported that the coverage of protease inhibitors resulted in an appropriation of state government funds to their ADAP, while eight states reported an ADAP budget shortfall. In general, ADAPs in poorer and more rural states included a fewer number of medications on their formularies.
CONCLUSIONS
Access to antiretrovirals and other medications is available through state ADAPs, but may be limited in some states due to waiting lists, controls on the enrollment of new beneficiaries, and policies on the number and types of medications beneficiaries may receive.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-HIV Agents; Formularies as Topic; HIV Protease Inhibitors; Insurance Benefits; Public Assistance; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
PubMed: 11215833
DOI: 10.1345/aph.10077 -
Social Security Bulletin Aug 1978
Topics: Aged; Aid to Families with Dependent Children; Child; Costs and Cost Analysis; Fees, Medical; Health Expenditures; Humans; Income; Insurance, Health; Insurance, Hospitalization; Public Assistance; Social Security; Statistics as Topic; United States; Workers' Compensation
PubMed: 152474
DOI: No ID Found