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Cardiovascular Research Jan 1967
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Circulation; Pulmonary Veins
PubMed: 6060165
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/1.1.91 -
Hellenic Journal of Cardiology : HJC =... 2009Michael Servetus was the first doctor ever to challenge and scientifically argue against the theories of Galen, which predominated for 14 centuries in medical schools...
Michael Servetus was the first doctor ever to challenge and scientifically argue against the theories of Galen, which predominated for 14 centuries in medical schools worldwide. Even though he was relatively correct in scientific terms, Servetus was punished because of his boldness in challenging Galen's theories and was condemned to death by the Holy Inquisition. Yet, by publicly challenging Galen's and Hippocrates' predominant and unquestionable lessons on medicine for the first time, Servetus opened the door for other doctors to challenge and correct those theories and subsequently to bring about a new view of human anatomy and physiology. This article underlines the contribution of Servetus to the description of the pulmonary circulation.
Topics: Anatomy, Regional; Blood Circulation; France; History, 16th Century; Humans; Lung; Physiology; Pulmonary Circulation
PubMed: 19774731
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Physiology Apr 1998Oddly, Carl Wiggers (1883-1962), who is remembered for his work on the systemic circulation, may be considered the "American father of the pulmonary circulation." In...
Oddly, Carl Wiggers (1883-1962), who is remembered for his work on the systemic circulation, may be considered the "American father of the pulmonary circulation." In nearly-20 papers published in the American Journal of Physiology between 1909 and 1925, he reported the first reliable pressure contours in the pulmonary artery, inquired into the relationship between respiration and pulmonary arterial pressure, examined right atrial and right ventricular function, and demonstrated how right and left heart dynamics relate to heart sounds. He also stimulated direct visualization of the lung microcirculation. Method and concept are inextricably linked in the progress of science. His contributions to the pulmonary circulation were based on his high-fidelity pressure and sound recording instruments, which he ultimately applied in the left heart. Wiggers' search for excellence in method brought him well-deserved fame in the systemic circulation, but the search began in the lung.
Topics: History, 20th Century; Humans; Physiology; Pulmonary Circulation; United States
PubMed: 9575864
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1998.274.4.L467 -
European Journal of Clinical... Apr 1992To determine the impact of i.v. endothelin-1 on systemic, pulmonary and splanchnic circulation, as well as the peptide's regional clearance, hepatic venous and right...
To determine the impact of i.v. endothelin-1 on systemic, pulmonary and splanchnic circulation, as well as the peptide's regional clearance, hepatic venous and right heart catheterization was performed in healthy volunteers. During the peptide's continuous i.v. administration (0.4 pmol x kg-1 x min-1, 60 min) its plasma concentration rose from 2.1 +/- 0.5 to 9.5 +/- 5.3 pmol/l (pulmonary artery), from 2.1 +/- 0.9 to 5.0 +/- 1.6 pmol/l (femoral artery), and from 1.5 +/- 0.6 to 2.9 +/- 1.2 pmol/l (hepatic vein). This was accompanied by an increase in mean systolic arterial pressure from 127 +/- 14 to 131 +/- 12 mmHg (P less than 0.05). Concomitantly, cardiac output and heart rate decreased from 7.0 +/- 1.1 to 5.8 +/- 1.0 l/min and from 63 +/- 6 to 56 +/- 5 beats/min, respectively, while total vascular resistance increased from 964 +/- 273 to 1204 +/- 338 dyn x cm x s-5 (P less than 0.01). No major changes in pulmonary circulation were observed, while splanchnic vascular resistance increased from 4472 +/- 1056 to 5361 +/- 1420 dyn x cm x s-5 (P less than 0.01) and estimated hepatic blood flow decreased from 1403 +/- 218 to 1218 +/- 219 ml min-1 (P less than 0.01). During endothelin-1 infusion the pulmonary vascular bed accounted for approximately 53% of the peptide's overall disposal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Adult; Endothelins; Half-Life; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Pulmonary Circulation; Splanchnic Circulation
PubMed: 1499643
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01463.x -
American Journal of Physiology.... Feb 2005The fetus is able to exhibit a stress response to painful events, and stress hormones have been shown to modulate pulmonary vascular tone. At birth, the increased level...
The fetus is able to exhibit a stress response to painful events, and stress hormones have been shown to modulate pulmonary vascular tone. At birth, the increased level of stress hormones plays a significant role in the adaptation to postnatal life. We therefore hypothesized that pain may alter pulmonary circulation in the perinatal period. The hemodynamic response to subcutaneous injection of formalin, which is used in experimental studies as nociceptive stimulus, was evaluated in chronically prepared, fetal lambs. Fetal lambs were operated on at 128 days gestation. Catheters were placed into the ascending aorta, superior vena cava, and main pulmonary artery. An ultrasonic flow transducer was placed around the left pulmonary artery. Three subcutaneous catheters were placed in the lambs' limb. The hemodynamic responses to subcutaneous injection of formalin, to formalin after fetal analgesia by sufentanil, and to sufentanil alone were recorded. Cortisol and catecholamine concentrations were also measured. Pulmonary vascular resistances (PVR) increased by 42% (P < 0.0001) after formalin injection. Cortisol increased by 54% (P = 0.05). During sufentanil infusion, PVR did not change significantly after formalin. Cortisol increased by 56% (P < 0.05). PVR did not change during sufentanil infusion. Norepinephrine levels did not change during any of the protocols. Our results indicate that nociceptive stimuli may increase the pulmonary vascular tone. This response is not mediated by an increase in circulating catecholamine levels. Analgesia prevents this effect. We speculate that this pulmonary vascular response to nociceptive stimulation may explain some hypoxemic events observed in newborn infants during painful intensive care procedures.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Blood Pressure; Fetus; Formaldehyde; Pain; Pulmonary Circulation; Sheep; Sufentanil; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 15637175
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00433.2004 -
American Journal of Physiology. Lung... Nov 2004
Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Hypoxia; Pulmonary Circulation; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 15475491
DOI: 10.1152/classicessays.00004.2004 -
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Jan 1996
Topics: Alprostadil; Anesthesia; Animals; Dogs; Pulmonary Circulation
PubMed: 8904251
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1996.tb04379.x -
American Journal of Physiology. Lung... Aug 2003Some effects of perinatal hypoxia on pulmonary circulation are permanent. Since pulmonary vascular sensitivity to hypoxia in adults differs between sexes, we... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Some effects of perinatal hypoxia on pulmonary circulation are permanent. Since pulmonary vascular sensitivity to hypoxia in adults differs between sexes, we hypothesized that gender-based variability also exists in the long-term effects of perinatal hypoxia. Rats spent 1 wk before and 1 wk after birth in hypoxia (12% O2) and then lived in normoxia. When adult, females, but not males, with the perinatal experience of hypoxia had right ventricle hypertrophy. To assess the role of sex hormones, some rats were gonadectomized in ether anesthesia as newborns. Compared with intact, perinatally normoxic controls, muscularization of peripheral pulmonary vessels in adulthood was augmented in perinatally hypoxic, neonatally gonadectomized males (by 85%) and much more so in females (by 533%). Pulmonary artery pressure was elevated in perinatally hypoxic, neonatally gonadectomized females (24.4 +/- 1.7 mmHg) but not males (17.2 +/- 0.6 mmHg). Gonadectomy in adulthood had no effect. We conclude that female pulmonary circulation is more sensitive to late effects of perinatal hypoxia, and these effects are blunted by the presence of ovaries during maturation.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Hypoxia; Male; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Pulmonary Circulation; Rats; Reference Values; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 12691957
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00389.2002 -
Journal of the History of Medicine and... Apr 1962
Topics: Blood Circulation; Pulmonary Circulation
PubMed: 14007392
DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/xvii.2.229 -
Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel... 1996
Review
Topics: France; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lung; Nitric Oxide; Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome; Pulmonary Circulation
PubMed: 8796043
DOI: 10.1016/0929-693x(96)86068-4