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Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2019Heart rate measurement has become one of the most widely used methods of monitoring the intensity of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to assess whether...
Heart rate measurement has become one of the most widely used methods of monitoring the intensity of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to assess whether in-ear photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulse rate (PR) measurement devices represent a valid alternative to heart rate derived from electrocardiography (ECG), which is considered a gold standard. Twenty subjects (6 women, 14 men) completed one trial of graded cycling under laboratory conditions. In the trial, PR was recorded by two commercially available in-ear devices, the Dash Pro and the Cosinuss°One. They were compared to HR measured by a Bodyguard2 ECG. Validity of the in-ear PR measurement devices was tested by ANOVA, mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE), intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. Both devices achieved a MAPE ≤5%. Despite excellent to good levels of agreement, Bland-Altman plots showed that both in-ear devices tend to slightly underestimate the ECG's HR values. It may be concluded that in-ear PPG PR measurement is a promising technique that shows accurate but imprecise results under controlled conditions. However, PPG PR measurement in the ear is sensitive to motion artefacts. Thus, accuracy and precision of the measured PR depend highly on measurement site, stress situation, and exercise.
Topics: Adult; Ear; Electrocardiography; Exercise; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Photoplethysmography
PubMed: 31438600
DOI: 10.3390/s19173641 -
Journal of Electrocardiology 2023Clinical applications of passive long-term heart rate (HR) monitoring in patients with cardiac arrhythmias include adequate drug titration of atrioventricular (AV) nodal...
Clinical applications of passive long-term heart rate (HR) monitoring in patients with cardiac arrhythmias include adequate drug titration of atrioventricular (AV) nodal drugs and assessment of medical compliance with treatment. A majority of patients treated with beta-blockers, especially patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), require some degree of drug titration during the first 6 months of treatment to ensure that adequate HR control and medicine compliance has been achieved. Failing to achieve adequate rate control in patients with AF can lead to worsening symptoms, heart failure exacerbations, and potentially tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Enabling video-based monitoring during telehealth patient visits could facilitate providers to measure heart rate (HR) without the need for a dedicated home device (smartwatch, SPO2 device, or others). Videoplethysmography (VPG) is a monitoring technology that measures pulse rate by utilizing front-facing cameras embedded in smart devices. VPG provides a remote and contactless cardiac monitoring solution. We conducted a clinical experiment to evaluate the accuracy of VPG in measuring HR while running on two portable devices: Samsung S10 smartphones and S3 tablets. We used a single‑lead ECG to measure the heart rate at the time of the VPG recordings in AF patients. We employed the Bland-Altman method to measure the level of agreement between videoplethysmography and ECG-based measurements of HR. The findings reveal that the mean difference in videoplethysmography and ECG-based heart rate was inferior to 1 bpm across the 2 devices with confidence intervals ranging from 3 to 12 BPM. Our facial video-based HR monitoring solution could assist providers in measuring heart rates in their patients with AF during remote telehealth visits.
Topics: Humans; Heart Rate; Atrial Fibrillation; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate Determination; Smartphone
PubMed: 36804723
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2023.01.006 -
F1000Research 2023Research on the compatibility of time domain indices, frequency domain measurements of heart rate variability obtained from electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms, and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Analysis of time-domain indices, frequency domain measures of heart rate variability derived from ECG waveform and pulse-wave-related HRV among overweight individuals: an observational study.
Research on the compatibility of time domain indices, frequency domain measurements of heart rate variability obtained from electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms, and pulse wave signal (pulse rate variability; PRV) features is ongoing. The promising marker of cardiac autonomic function is heart rate variability. Recent research has looked at various other physiological markers, leading to the emergence of pulse rate variability. The pulse wave signal can be studied for variations to understand better changes in arterial stiffness and compliance, which are key indicators of cardiovascular health. 35 healthy overweight people were included. The Lead II electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was transmitted through an analog-to-digital converter (PowerLab 8/35 software, AD Instruments Pty. Ltd., New South Wales, Australia). This signal was utilized to compute Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and was sampled at a rate of 1024 Hz. The same AD equipment was also used to capture a pulse signal simultaneously. The right index finger was used as the recording site for the pulse signal using photoplethysmography (PPG) technology. The participants' demographic data show that the mean age was 23.14 + 5.27 years, the mean weight was 73.68 + 7.40 kg, the mean body fat percentage was 32.23 + 5.30, and the mean visceral fat percentage was 4.60 + 2.0. The findings revealed no noticeable difference between the median values of heart rate variability (HRV) and PRV. Additionally, a strong correlation was observed between HRV and PRV. However, poor agreement was observed in the measurement of PRV and HRV. All indices of HRV showed a greater correlation with PRV. However, the level of agreement between HRV and PRV measurement was poor. Hence, HRV cannot be replaced with PRV and vice-versa.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Heart Rate; Overweight; Heart; Electrocardiography; Photoplethysmography
PubMed: 37799491
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.139283.1 -
Annual International Conference of the... Aug 2015Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological parameter which has increased its importance in recent years due to its relationship with the autonomic nervous system...
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological parameter which has increased its importance in recent years due to its relationship with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular disorders. In this work the pulse rate variability (PRV) is measured as a surrogate measurement of HRV using only a video of the face of the subject. Because of pulse rate signals obtained by video are largely affected by the person movements and the analyzed region of interest (ROI), we propose the application of face detection and tracking algorithms as a solution to the artifacts produced by these factors. We compare the obtained results of the proposed method with a pulse sensor signal of a reference system. The statistical analysis results show good agreement between both methods.
Topics: Algorithms; Artifacts; Autonomic Nervous System; Heart Rate; Humans; Photoplethysmography
PubMed: 26737585
DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7319685 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Jul 2021
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Heart Rate; Humans; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 33915065
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202103-0724LE -
La Clinica Terapeutica Oct 2004
Topics: Heart Rate; Humans; Pulse
PubMed: 15702663
DOI: No ID Found -
Annual International Conference of the... Aug 2016Camera-based measurement of the blood volume pulse via non-contact, imaging photoplethysmography is a very popular approach for measuring pulse rate using a remote...
Camera-based measurement of the blood volume pulse via non-contact, imaging photoplethysmography is a very popular approach for measuring pulse rate using a remote imaging sensor. Comparatively less attention has been paid to the usefulness of the method for measuring features of pulse rate variability, and even less focus has been put on the accuracy of any cardiac activity feature that can be achieved at long imager-to-subject distances. In this study, video was recorded from 19 participants, while at rest, at a distance of 25 meters from the imaging sensor. A digital camera was used to record video while cardiovascular measures of both electrical and optical physiological ground truth were recorded. Pulse rate data obtained from the imager using a common blind source separation and periodogram approach were compared to physiological ground truth signals. The quality of the recovered blood volume pulse morphology was sufficient to calculate time-domain measures of pulse rate using inter-pulse interval (IPI) time series. Following this, several features of pulse rate variability were calculated from the IPI time series and compared to those calculated from the corresponding physiological ground truth signals. Use of the time-domain data as compared to the periodogram approach to measure pulse rate reduced the error in the estimate from 1.6 to 0.2 beats per minute. Correlation analysis (r2) between the camera-based measures of pulse rate variability and ECG-derived heart rate variability ranged from 0.779 to 0.973; these results are of comparable outcome to those obtained at imager-to-subject distances of no more than 3 meters. This study demonstrates that pulse rates of less than one beat-per-minute error can be obtained when the recovered blood volume pulse morphology is of adequate quality to resolve systolic onsets for individual cardiac cycles. Further, this approach can yield data of very promising quality for estimating measures of pulse rate variability.
Topics: Adult; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Photoplethysmography; Pulse; Reproducibility of Results; Rest; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Video Recording; Young Adult
PubMed: 28269145
DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2016.7591587 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021Alterations of heart rate variability (HRV) are associated with various (patho)physiological conditions; therefore, HRV analysis has the potential to become a useful...
Alterations of heart rate variability (HRV) are associated with various (patho)physiological conditions; therefore, HRV analysis has the potential to become a useful diagnostic module of wearable/telemedical devices to support remote cardiovascular/autonomic monitoring. Continuous pulse recordings obtained by photoplethysmography (PPG) can yield pulse rate variability (PRV) indices similar to HRV parameters; however, it is debated whether PRV/HRV parameters are interchangeable. In this study, we assessed the PRV analysis module of a digital arterial PPG-based telemedical system (SCN4ALL). We used Bland-Altman analysis to validate the SCN4ALL PRV algorithm to Kubios Premium software and to determine the agreements between PRV/HRV results calculated from 2-min long PPG and ECG captures recorded simultaneously in healthy individuals (n = 33) at rest and during the cold pressor test, and in diabetic patients (n = 12) at rest. We found an ideal agreement between SCN4ALL and Kubios outputs (bias < 2%). PRV and HRV parameters showed good agreements for interbeat intervals, SDNN, and RMSSD time-domain variables, for total spectral and low-frequency power (LF) frequency-domain variables, and for non-linear parameters in healthy subjects at rest and during cold pressor challenge. In diabetics, good agreements were observed for SDNN, LF, and SD2; and moderate agreement was observed for total power. In conclusion, the SCN4ALL PRV analysis module is a good alternative for HRV analysis for numerous conventional HRV parameters.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate; Humans; Photoplethysmography; Telemedicine
PubMed: 34450986
DOI: 10.3390/s21165544 -
Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and... 2016
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Humans; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 27752023
DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.190901 -
Annual International Conference of the... Jul 2020Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive marker of cardiac autonomic activity and has been used in different circumstances to assess the autonomic responses of the...
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive marker of cardiac autonomic activity and has been used in different circumstances to assess the autonomic responses of the body. Pulse rate variability (PRV), a similar variable obtained from pulse waves, has been used in recent years as a valid surrogate of HRV. However, the effect that localized changes in autonomic activity have in the relationship between HRV and PRV has not been entirely understood. In this study, a whole-body cold exposure protocol was performed to generate localized changes in autonomic activity, and HRV and PRV from different body sites were obtained. PRV measured from the earlobe and the finger was shown to differ from HRV, and the correlation between these variables was affected by the cold. Also, it was found that PRV from the finger was more affected by cold exposure than PRV from the earlobe. In conclusion, PRV is affected differently to HRV when localized changes in autonomic activity occur. Hence, PRV should not be considered as a valid surrogate of HRV under certain circumstances.Clinical Relevance- This indicates that pulse rate variability is affected differently to heart rate variability when autonomic activity is modified and suggests that pulse rate variability is not always a valid surrogate of heart rate variability.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Electrocardiography; Fingers; Heart Rate; Photoplethysmography
PubMed: 33018543
DOI: 10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9175856