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Advances in Anatomy, Embryology, and... 2018In this chapter, we describe the visuotopy of the pulvinar subdivisions P1, P2, and P4. In all primates, P1 colocalizes with the chemoarchitecturally defined PI and a...
In this chapter, we describe the visuotopy of the pulvinar subdivisions P1, P2, and P4. In all primates, P1 colocalizes with the chemoarchitecturally defined PI and a small portion of PL. The peripheral visual field is represented anteriorly in the medial portion of PI, while central vision is represented more posteriorly in the medial portion of PL. The vertical meridian representation is located on the lateral edge of P1, while the horizontal meridian is represented obliquely from the lateral to the medial extent of P1. The upper visual field is represented ventrally, while the lower field is located dorsally. P2 has only been described in the macaque monkey. It contains a representation of the peripheral visual field, located in its anterior portion, and of the central field, which is located in posterior PL. P4 has a complex topographic arrangement. The representation of the vertical meridian is located on the dorsal edge of P4, while the representation of the horizontal meridian divides P4 into dorsal and ventral portions.
Topics: Animals; Primates; Pulvinar; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields
PubMed: 29116448
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70046-5_7 -
Annual Review of Psychology Jan 2020Spatial attention is comprised of neural mechanisms that boost sensory processing at a behaviorally relevant location while filtering out competing information. The... (Review)
Review
Spatial attention is comprised of neural mechanisms that boost sensory processing at a behaviorally relevant location while filtering out competing information. The present review examines functional specialization in the network of brain regions that directs such preferential processing. This attention network includes both cortical (e.g., frontal and parietal cortices) and subcortical (e.g., the superior colliculus and the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus) structures. Here, we piece together existing evidence that these various nodes of the attention network have dissociable functional roles by synthesizing results from electrophysiology and neuroimaging studies. We describe functional specialization across several dimensions (e.g., at different processing stages and within different behavioral contexts), while focusing on spatial attention as a dynamic process that unfolds over time. Functional contributions from each node of the attention network can change on a moment-to-moment timescale, providing the necessary cognitive flexibility for sampling from highly dynamic environments.
Topics: Attention; Cerebral Cortex; Humans; Nerve Net; Pulvinar; Space Perception; Superior Colliculi
PubMed: 31514578
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103429 -
The Journal of Comparative Neurology Dec 2018Recent evidence demonstrates that the pulvinar nuclei play a critical role in shaping the connectivity and function of the multiple cortical areas they connect....
Recent evidence demonstrates that the pulvinar nuclei play a critical role in shaping the connectivity and function of the multiple cortical areas they connect. Surprisingly, however, little is known about the development of this area, the largest corpus of the thalamic nuclei, which go on to occupy 40% of the adult thalamus in the human. It was proposed that the nonhuman primate and the human pulvinar develop according to very different processes, with a greatly reduced neurogenic period in nonhuman primate compared to human and divergent origins. In the marmoset monkey, we demonstrate that neurons populating the pulvinar are generated throughout gestation, suggesting that this aspect of development is more similar to the human than first predicted. While we were able to confirm the diencephalic source of pulvinar neurons, we provide new evidence contesting the presence of an additional niche in the telencephalon. Finally, our study defines new molecular markers that will simplify future investigations in the development and evolution of the pulvinar.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Callithrix; Cell Proliferation; Diencephalon; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunohistochemistry; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Pregnancy; Pulvinar; Third Ventricle; Visual Pathways
PubMed: 30225841
DOI: 10.1002/cne.24534 -
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) Mar 2020The medial pulvinar (PM) is a multimodal associative thalamic nucleus, recently evolved in primates. PM participates in integrative and modulatory functions, including...
The medial pulvinar (PM) is a multimodal associative thalamic nucleus, recently evolved in primates. PM participates in integrative and modulatory functions, including directed attention, and consistently exhibits alterations in disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Despite essential cognitive functions, the cortical inputs to the PM have not been systematically investigated. To date, less than 20 cortices have been demonstrated to project to PM. The goal of this study was to establish a comprehensive map of the cortical afferents to PM in the marmoset monkey. Using a magnetic resonance imaging-guided injection approach, we reveal 62 discrete cortices projecting to the adult marmoset PM. We confirmed previously reported connections and identified further projections from discrete cortices across the temporal, parietal, retrosplenial-cingulate, prefrontal, and orbital lobes. These regions encompass areas recipient of PM efferents, demonstrating the reciprocity of the PM-cortical connectivity. Moreover, our results indicate that PM neurones projecting to distinct cortices are intermingled and form multimodal cell clusters. This microunit organization, believed to facilitate cross-modal integration, contrasts with the large functional subdivisions usually observed in thalamic nuclei. Altogether, we provide the first comprehensive map of PM cortical afferents, an essential stepping stone in expanding our knowledge of PM and its function.
Topics: Animals; Callithrix; Cerebral Cortex; Macaca mulatta; Male; Neural Pathways; Pulvinar; Thalamic Nuclei; Thalamus
PubMed: 31711181
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz203 -
Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti... 2015The present review is devoted to modern knowledge about a structure and function of the cat's lateral posterior-pulvinar complex of the thalamus (LP-P). The LP-P is a... (Review)
Review
The present review is devoted to modern knowledge about a structure and function of the cat's lateral posterior-pulvinar complex of the thalamus (LP-P). The LP-P is a subcortical structure belonging to visual system. This complex appears in phylogenesis simultaneously with lateral geniculate body and visual cortex, develops structurally and in human, occupies about 1/3 of the thalamus. The LP-P is a so-called associative nucleus of the thalamus and it is anatomically and functionally complex structure. The complex has reciprocal connections with many cortical areas and may participate in the regulation of a flow of visual information to the cortex modulating cortical processes. The function of the LP-P is still not fully understood. Experimental data allows to believe that this complex participate in such cognitive processes as attention and orienting to visual stimuli, in visually-guided behavior and spatial coding of visual stimuli as well as in binding of particular features of visual objects in the whole percept and maybe in the processes of short-term memory during analysis of visual stimuli.
Topics: Animals; Attention; Cats; Cognition; Geniculate Bodies; Humans; Memory, Short-Term; Muscles; Pulvinar; Thalamus; Visual Cortex
PubMed: 26859998
DOI: No ID Found -
ENeuro 2019The perceptual system gives priority to threat-relevant signals with survival value. In addition to the processing initiated by sensory inputs of threat signals,...
The perceptual system gives priority to threat-relevant signals with survival value. In addition to the processing initiated by sensory inputs of threat signals, prioritization of threat signals may also include processes related to threat anticipation. These neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using ultra-high-field 7 tesla (7T) fMRI, we show that anticipatory processing takes place in the early stages of visual processing, specifically in the pulvinar and V1. When anticipation of a threat-relevant fearful face target triggered false perception of not-presented target, there was enhanced activity in the pulvinar as well as in the V1 superficial-cortical-depth (layers 1-3). The anticipatory activity was absent in the LGN or higher visual cortical areas (V2-V4). The effect in V1 was specific to the perception of fearful face targets and did not generalize to happy face targets. A preliminary analysis showed that the connectivity between the pulvinar and V1 superficial-cortical-depth was enhanced during false perception of threat, indicating that the pulvinar and V1 may interact in preparation of anticipated threat. The anticipatory processing supported by the pulvinar and V1 may play an important role in non-sensory-input-driven anxiety states.
Topics: Adult; Anticipation, Psychological; Brain Mapping; Female; Functional Neuroimaging; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Photic Stimulation; Pulvinar; Visual Cortex; Young Adult
PubMed: 31694815
DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0429-19.2019 -
Acta Neurologica Belgica Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Pulvinar; Klinefelter Syndrome
PubMed: 35285009
DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-01921-4 -
Molecular Psychiatry May 2019Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) successfully disentangled neuronal pathophysiology of major depression (MD), but only a few fMRI studies have investigated...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) successfully disentangled neuronal pathophysiology of major depression (MD), but only a few fMRI studies have investigated correlates and predictors of remission. Moreover, most studies have used clinical outcome parameters from two time points, which do not optimally depict differential response times. Therefore, we aimed to detect neuronal correlates of response and remission in an antidepressant treatment study with 7 T fMRI, potentially harnessing advances in detection power and spatial specificity. Moreover, we modeled outcome parameters from multiple study visits during a 12-week antidepressant fMRI study in 26 acute (aMD) patients compared to 36 stable remitted (rMD) patients and 33 healthy control subjects (HC). During an electrical painful stimulation task, significantly higher baseline activity in aMD compared to HC and rMD in the medial thalamic nuclei of the pulvinar was detected (p = 0.004, FWE-corrected), which was reduced by treatment. Moreover, clinical response followed a sigmoid function with a plateau phase in the beginning, a rapid decline and a further plateau at treatment end. By modeling the dynamic speed of response with fMRI-data, perigenual anterior cingulate activity after treatment was significantly associated with antidepressant response (p < 0.001, FWE-corrected). Temporoparietal junction (TPJ) baseline activity significantly predicted non-remission after 2 antidepressant trials (p = 0.005, FWE-corrected). The results underline the importance of the medial thalamus, attention networks in MD and antidepressant treatment. Moreover, by using a sigmoid model, this study provides a novel method to analyze the dynamic nature of response and remission for future trials.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Brain Mapping; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus; Pain; Pulvinar; Thalamus; Young Adult
PubMed: 29422521
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-017-0009-x -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Nov 2013Snakes and their relationships with humans and other primates have attracted broad attention from multiple fields of study, but not, surprisingly, from neuroscience,...
Snakes and their relationships with humans and other primates have attracted broad attention from multiple fields of study, but not, surprisingly, from neuroscience, despite the involvement of the visual system and strong behavioral and physiological evidence that humans and other primates can detect snakes faster than innocuous objects. Here, we report the existence of neurons in the primate medial and dorsolateral pulvinar that respond selectively to visual images of snakes. Compared with three other categories of stimuli (monkey faces, monkey hands, and geometrical shapes), snakes elicited the strongest, fastest responses, and the responses were not reduced by low spatial filtering. These findings integrate neuroscience with evolutionary biology, anthropology, psychology, herpetology, and primatology by identifying a neurobiological basis for primates' heightened visual sensitivity to snakes, and adding a crucial component to the growing evolutionary perspective that snakes have long shaped our primate lineage.
Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biological Evolution; Macaca; Models, Biological; Neurons; Photic Stimulation; Pulvinar; Reaction Time; Recognition, Psychology; Snakes; Visual Perception
PubMed: 24167268
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312648110 -
Neuroscience Oct 2020The pulvinar, the largest thalamic nucleus in the primate brain, has connections with a variety of cortical areas and is involved in many aspects of higher brain...
The pulvinar, the largest thalamic nucleus in the primate brain, has connections with a variety of cortical areas and is involved in many aspects of higher brain functions. Among cortico-pulvino-cortical systems, the connection between the middle temporal area (MT) and the pulvinar has been thought to contribute significantly to complex motion recognition. Recently, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), has become a valuable model for a variety of neuroscience studies, including visual neuroscience and translational research of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, information on projections from MT to the pulvinar in the marmoset brain is scant. We addressed this deficiency by injecting sensitive anterograde viral tracers into MT to examine the distribution of labeled terminations in the pulvinar. The injection sites were placed retinotopically according to visual field coordinates mapped by optical intrinsic imaging. All injections produced anterograde terminal labeling, which was densest in the medial nucleus of the inferior pulvinar (PIm), sparser in the central nucleus of the inferior pulvinar, and weakest in the lateral pulvinar. Within each subnucleus, terminations formed separate retinotopic fields. Most labeled terminals were small but these comingled with a few large terminals, distributed mainly in the dorsomedial part of the PIm. Our results further delineate the organization of projections from MT to the pulvinar in the marmoset as forming parallel complex networks, which may differentially contribute to motion processing. It is interesting that the densest projections from MT target the PIm, the subnucleus recently reported to preferentially receive direct retinal projections.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Callithrix; Cerebral Cortex; Pulvinar; Thalamic Nuclei; Visual Cortex; Visual Pathways
PubMed: 32866602
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.031