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Scientific Reports Nov 2020Distracted eating can lead to increased food intake, but it is unclear how. We aimed to assess how distraction affects motivated, goal-directed responses for food reward...
Distracted eating can lead to increased food intake, but it is unclear how. We aimed to assess how distraction affects motivated, goal-directed responses for food reward after satiation. Thirty-eight healthy normal-weight participants (28F; 10M) performed a visual detection task varying in attentional load (high vs. low distraction) during fMRI. Simultaneously, they exerted effort for sweet and savory food rewards by repeated button presses. Two fMRI runs were separated by sensory-specific satiation (outcome devaluation) of one of the (sweet or savory) reward outcomes, to assess outcome-sensitive, goal-directed, responses (valued vs. devalued reward, post vs. pre satiation). We could not verify our primary hypothesis that more distraction leads to less activation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) during goal-directed effort. Behaviorally, distraction also did not affect effort for food reward following satiation across subjects. For our secondary hypothesis, we assessed whether distraction affected other fronto-striatal regions during goal-directed effort. We did not obtain such effects at our whole-brain corrected threshold, but at an exploratory uncorrected threshold (p < 0.001), distraction decreased goal-directed responses (devalued vs. valued) in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). We continued with this rIFG region for the next secondary hypothesis; specifically, that distraction would reduce functional connectivity with the fronto-striatal regions found in the previous analyses. Indeed, distraction decreased functional connectivity between the rIFG and left putamen for valued versus devalued food rewards (pFWE(cluster) < 0.05). In an exploratory brain-behavior analysis, we showed that distraction-sensitive rIFG-responses correlated negatively (r = - 0.40; p = 0.014) with the effect of distraction on effort. Specifically, decreased distraction-related rIFG-responses were associated with increased effort for food reward after satiation. We discuss the absence of distraction effects on goal-directed responses in vmPFC and in behavior across participants. Moreover, based on our significant functional connectivity and brain-behavior results, we suggest that distraction might attenuate the ability to inhibit responses for food reward after satiation by affecting the rIFG and its connection to the putamen.
Topics: Adult; Attention; Connectome; Female; Food; Frontal Lobe; Goals; Humans; Male; Putamen; Reward
PubMed: 33149176
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76060-y -
Neuroscience Research Oct 1991The basal ganglia were manipulated pharmacologically by using GABA antagonists and also 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in rats, cats and monkeys,... (Review)
Review
The basal ganglia were manipulated pharmacologically by using GABA antagonists and also 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in rats, cats and monkeys, and neuronal activities were recorded from the basal ganglia. It was concluded that: (1) in parkinsonism, neuronal activities of the caudate nucleus decreased, those of the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra and the internal segment of the globus pallidus increased, and those of the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus were depressed markedly; (2) in dyskinesia, periodical discharges of the caudate-putamen complex were the primary event in rodents, resulting in activation of the thalamus; and (3) the caudate nucleus was involved in the manifestation or driving of locomotion, while the putamen was related to regulation of tonus in contralateral muscles with proximal dominancy.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Cats; Caudate Nucleus; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Macaca fascicularis; Neurons; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Virulence Factors, Bordetella
PubMed: 1660992
DOI: 10.1016/0168-0102(91)90097-i -
Neuropsychobiology 2023Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by abnormal processing of performance-related social stimuli. Previous studies have shown altered emotional experiences...
INTRODUCTION
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by abnormal processing of performance-related social stimuli. Previous studies have shown altered emotional experiences and activations of different sub-regions of the striatum during processing of social stimuli in patients with SAD. However, whether and to what extent social comparisons affect behavioural and neural responses to feedback stimuli in patients with SAD is unknown.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
To address this issue, emotional ratings and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses were assessed while patients suffering from SAD and healthy controls (HC) were required to perform a choice task and received performance feedback (correct, incorrect, non-informative) that varied in relation to the performance of fictitious other participants (a few, half, or most of others had the same outcome).
RESULTS
Across all performance feedback conditions, fMRI analyses revealed reduced activations in bilateral putamen when feedback was assumed to be received by only a few compared to half of the other participants in patients with SAD. Nevertheless, analysis of rating data showed a similar modulation of valence and arousal ratings in patients with SAD and HC depending on social comparison-related feedback.
CONCLUSIONS
This suggests altered neural processing of performance feedback depending on social comparisons in patients with SAD.
Topics: Humans; Phobia, Social; Feedback; Pilot Projects; Social Comparison; Putamen; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain
PubMed: 37717563
DOI: 10.1159/000531762 -
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders Jun 2022To investigate glutamatergic metabolism changes in the putamen of patients with de novo Parkinson's Disease (PD) and test the hypothesis that glutamate (Glu) levels are...
INTRODUCTION
To investigate glutamatergic metabolism changes in the putamen of patients with de novo Parkinson's Disease (PD) and test the hypothesis that glutamate (Glu) levels are abnormally elevated in the putamen contralateral to where the motor clinical signs predominate as expected from observations in animal models.
METHODS
H NMR spectra from 17 healthy control volunteers were compared with spectra from 17 de novo PD patients of who 14 were evaluated again after 2-3 years of disease progression. Statistical analysis used random-effects models.
RESULTS
The only significant difference between PD patients and controls was a higher glutamine (Gln) concentration in the putamen ipsilateral to the hemibody with predominant motor signs (Visit 1: 6.0 ± 0.4 mM vs. 5.2 ± 0.2 mM, p < 0.05; Visit 2: 6.2 ± 0.3 mM vs. 5.2 ± 0.2 mM, p < 0.05). At Visit 1, PD patients had higher Glu and Gln levels in the putamen ipsilateral versus contralateral to dominant clinical signs (Glu: 12.2 ± 0.6 mM vs. 10.4 ± 0.6 mM, p < 0.05; Gln: 6.0 ± 0.4 mM vs. 4.8 ± 0.4 mM, p < 0.05; Glu and Gln pool (Glx): 17.9 ± 0.8 mM vs. 14.7 ± 1.1 mM, p < 0.05). At Visit 2, the sum of the two metabolites remained significantly higher in the ipsilateral versus contralateral putamen (Glx: 18.3 ± 0.6 mM vs. 16.1 ± 0.9 mM, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
In de novo PD patients, the putamen ipsilateral to the more affected hemibody showed elevated Gln versus controls and elevated Glu and Gln concentrations versus the contralateral side. Abnormalities in Glu metabolism therefore occur early in PD but unexpectedly in the putamen contralateral to the more damaged hemisphere, suggesting they are not dependent solely on dopamine loss.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Putamen
PubMed: 35613535
DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.05.007 -
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) Jan 2019Fronto-striatal circuitry involving the orbitofrontal cortex has been identified as mediating successful reversal of stimulus-outcome contingencies. The region of the...
Fronto-striatal circuitry involving the orbitofrontal cortex has been identified as mediating successful reversal of stimulus-outcome contingencies. The region of the striatum that most contributes to reversal learning remains unclear, with studies in primates implicating both caudate nucleus and putamen. We trained four marmosets on a touchscreen-based serial reversal task and implanted each with cannulae targeting both putamen and caudate bilaterally. This allowed reversible inactivation of the two areas within the same monkeys, but across separate sessions, to directly investigate their respective contributions to reversal performance. Behavioral sensitivity to the GABAA agonist muscimol varied across subjects and between brain regions, so each marmoset received a range of doses. Intermediate doses of intra-putamen muscimol selectively impaired reversal performance, leaving the baseline discrimination phase unchanged. There was no effect of low doses and high doses were generally disruptive. By contrast, low doses of intra-caudate muscimol improved reversal performance, while high doses impaired both reversal and baseline discrimination performance. These data provide evidence for a specific role of the putamen in serial reversal learning, which may reflect the more habitual nature of repeated reversals using the same stimulus pair.
Topics: Animals; Callithrix; Discrimination Learning; Male; Photic Stimulation; Putamen; Reversal Learning
PubMed: 30395188
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy276 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jan 2022Intrinsic human brain activity is time-varying and dynamic. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the dynamic regional activity differences between unipolar...
OBJECTIVES
Intrinsic human brain activity is time-varying and dynamic. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the dynamic regional activity differences between unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar type I depression (BD-I), and whether their differential pattern can help to distinguish these two patient groups who are prone to misdiagnosis in clinical practice.
METHOD
In this study, we used the dynamical fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dfALFF) to examine the resting-state dynamical regional activity in 40 BD-I, 42 UD, and 44 healthy controls (HCs). Analysis of covariance was applied to explore the shared and distinct dfALFF pattern among three groups, and machine-learning methods were conducted to classify BD-I from UD by using the detected distinct dfALFF pattern.
RESULTS
Compared with HCs, both BD-I and UD exhibited decreased dfALFF temporal variability in the left inferior temporal gyrus. The BD-I showed significantly decreased dfALFF temporal variability in the left putamen compared to UD. By using the dfALFF variability pattern of the left putamen as features, we achieved the 75.61% accuracy and 0.756 area under curve in classifying BD-I from UD.
LIMITATIONS
The small sample size of the current study may limit the generalizability of the findings.
CONCLUSIONS
The current study demonstrated that the dfALFF temporal variability pattern in the putamen may show a promise as future diagnostic aids for BD-I and UD.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Putamen
PubMed: 34678402
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.021 -
Journal of the American Academy of... May 2002To investigate the association between focal stroke lesions of the putamen and either attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or traits of the disorder (ADHD/Traits).
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between focal stroke lesions of the putamen and either attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or traits of the disorder (ADHD/Traits).
METHOD
Twenty-five children with focal stroke lesions were studied with standardized psychiatric assessments and anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging. The pattern of lesion overlap in subjects with ADHD/Traits was determined.
RESULTS
Fifteen of 25 subjects had ADHD/Traits. The densest area of overlapping lesions (n = 7) in subjects with ADHD/Traits included the posterior ventral putamen. The median lesion volume was 9.7 cm3, and the distribution was highly skewed. Lesion volume was not associated with ADHD/Traits. Therefore the following analyses focused on the 13 subjects with lesions < 10 cm3: ADHD/Traits were exhibited in 6/7 subjects with putamen lesionsversus 2/6 with no putamen lesions (Fisherexacttestp= .1). Half (4/8) of the subjects with ADHD/Traits had overlapping lesions encompassing the posterior ventral putamen. None of the 5 subjects without ADHD/Traits had lesions in this empirically derived region of interest (Fisher exact test p = .1).
CONCLUSIONS
Lesions within the dopamine-rich ventral putamen, which is part of the ventral or limbic striatum, tended to increase the risk of ADHD/Traits. ADHD/Traits may therefore be a disinhibition syndrome associated with dysfunction in this cortical-striato-thalamocortical loop.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Basal Ganglia Cerebrovascular Disease; Brain Damage, Chronic; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Putamen; Stroke
PubMed: 12014789
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200205000-00014 -
The Journal of Comparative Neurology Feb 2020Continuing investigations of corticostriatal connections in rodents emphasize an intricate architecture where striatal projections originate from different combinations...
Continuing investigations of corticostriatal connections in rodents emphasize an intricate architecture where striatal projections originate from different combinations of cortical layers, include an inhibitory component, and form terminal arborizations which are cell-type dependent, extensive, or compact. Here, we report that in macaque monkeys, deep and superficial cortical white matter neurons (WMNs), peri-claustral WMNs, and the claustrum proper project to the putamen. WMNs retrogradely labeled by injections in the putamen (four injections in three macaques) were widely distributed, up to 10 mm antero-posterior from the injection site, mainly dorsal to the putamen in the external capsule, and below the premotor cortex. Striatally projecting labeled WMNs (WMNsST) were heterogeneous in size and shape, including a small GABAergic component. We compared the number of WMNsST with labeled claustral and cortical neurons and also estimated their proportion in relation to total WMNs. Since some WMNsST were located adjoining the claustrum, we wanted to compare results for density and distribution of striatally projecting claustral neurons (ClaST). ClaST neurons were morphologically heterogeneous and mainly located in the dorsal and anterior claustrum, in regions known to project to frontal, motor, and cingulate cortical areas. The ratio of ClaST to WMNsST was about 4:1 averaged across the four injections. These results provide new specifics on the connectional networks of WMNs in nonhuman primates, and delineate additional loops in the corticostriatal architecture, consisting of interconnections across cortex, claustralstriatal and striatally projecting WMNs.
Topics: Animals; Claustrum; Female; Macaca; Macaca mulatta; Male; Nerve Net; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Putamen; White Matter
PubMed: 31483857
DOI: 10.1002/cne.24768 -
AIDS (London, England) Jul 2016Little is known about the extent of cortical and subcortical volumetric alterations that may occur within the first year of HIV infection [primary HIV infection (PHI)].
OBJECTIVE
Little is known about the extent of cortical and subcortical volumetric alterations that may occur within the first year of HIV infection [primary HIV infection (PHI)].
DESIGN
We used structural MRI in this prospective cross-sectional neuroimaging study to determine the extent of volumetric changes in early HIV infection.
METHODS
Cerebrospinal fluid, blood, neuropsychological testing, and structural T1 MRI scans were acquired from 18 HIV and 47 PHI age-matched antiretroviral-naïve male participants. Using FreeSurfer 5.1, volumetric measurements were obtained from the caudate, amygdala, corpus callosum, ventricles, putamen, thalamus, cortical white matter, and total gray matter. Regional volumes were compared groupwise and related to biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (viral load, neopterin, and neurofilament light chain), blood (viral load, CD4, and CD8 T-cell count), and neuropsychometric tests (digit-symbol, grooved pegboard, finger-tapping, and timed gait).
RESULTS
A trend-level moderate reduction of putamen volume (P = 0.076, adjusted Cohen's d = 0.5 after controlling for age) was observed for PHI compared with HIV-uninfected individuals. Within the PHI group, putamen volume associated with CD4 cell count (P = 0.03), CD4/CD8 ratio (P = 0.045), infection duration (P = 0.009), and worsening psychomotor performance on the digit-symbol (P = 0.028), finger-tapping (P = 0.039), and timed gait (P = 0.009) tests.
CONCLUSION
Our volumetric results suggest that the putamen is preferentially susceptible to early HIV-associated processes. Examining the natural course of early HIV infection longitudinally will allow for mapping of the trajectory of HIV-associated central nervous system changes, enabling creation of improved interventional strategies to potentially stabilize or reverse these observed structural changes.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Cross-Sectional Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Putamen
PubMed: 27045376
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001103 -
Brain Research Jul 2012The putamen has classically been considered to be primarily a motor structure. It is involved in a broad range of roles and its neurons have been postulated to function...
The putamen has classically been considered to be primarily a motor structure. It is involved in a broad range of roles and its neurons have been postulated to function as pattern classifiers of behaviourally significant events. However, its specific role in motor and sensory processing is still unclear. For the purpose of better categorizing putamen neurons, we trained two rhesus monkeys to perform multisensory operant tasks by using complex stimuli such as short videoclips. Trials involved image or soundtrack or both. Some stimuli required a motor response associated to reward, whereas others did not require response and produced no reward. We found that neurons in the putamen showed pure visual responses, action-related activity, and reward responses. Insofar as action-related activity, preparation of movement, movement execution, and withholding of movement involved three different putamen neuron populations. Moreover, our data suggest an involvement of putamen neurons in processing primary rewards and visual events in a complex task, which may contribute to reinforcement learning through stimulus-reward association.
Topics: Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Macaca mulatta; Male; Motor Activity; Movement; Neurons; Psychomotor Performance; Putamen; Reaction Time; Reward
PubMed: 22640776
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.05.037