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Journal of Child Neurology Jan 2021Our aim in this study was to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in the detection of brain regions effected by Sydenham chorea and to...
BACKGROUND
Our aim in this study was to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in the detection of brain regions effected by Sydenham chorea and to determine whether they provided data regarding the pathogenesis of Sydenham chorea. To this end, we assessed basal ganglia structures in Sydenham chorea patients and control group by quantitative MRI volumetric analysis.
METHODS
Patients with a recent onset of chorea and control subjects matched for age and gender were included in the study. Medical history, laboratory tests, and physical and neurologic examinations were reviewed. All MRIs were considered within normal limits. High-resolution T1-weighted 3D magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo scans were used for quantitative volumetric assessment of the brain via the "volBrain" method.
RESULTS
Twenty-four subjects with Sydenham chorea (16 girls and 8 boys, aged between 7 and 16 years) and 35 control subjects were evaluated. Mean age was 11.25 ± 2.89 years for Sydenham chorea patients and 10.58 ± 2.53 years for the controls. No significant difference was found relative to globus pallidus, caudate, and thalamic volumes between patients with Sydenham chorea and controls. The relative mean total, left, and right putamen volumes were significantly larger in patients with Sydenham chorea compared to controls ( = .003, = .018, = .001, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Selective neuroanatomic differences in putamen among other basal ganglia structures and significant increases in size are consistent with a hypothesis of a cross-reactive antibody-mediated inflammation of the putamen as being the pathophysiologic mechanism for this disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Chorea; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Putamen; Retrospective Studies; Turkey
PubMed: 32851928
DOI: 10.1177/0883073820951364 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Jul 1997
Review
Topics: Emergencies; Fatal Outcome; Female; Globus Pallidus; Humans; Methanol; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Poisoning; Putamen; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 9289052
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1015500 -
Neuroreport May 1995We have studied neuronal activity in the putamen of two monkeys trained to discriminate the speed of moving tactile stimuli. Animals pressed one of two target switches...
We have studied neuronal activity in the putamen of two monkeys trained to discriminate the speed of moving tactile stimuli. Animals pressed one of two target switches to indicate whether the speed of the probe across the skin was low or high. The activity of single neurones was recorded in the putamen ipsilateral to the glabrous skin of the stimulated hand and contralateral to the responding arm. During the task, we recorded neurones in the putamen that showed responses confined exclusively to the stimulus period of all speeds. A second class of putamen neurones responded during the stimulus period but continued discharging during the reaction and movement time period. None of these two classes of putamen neurones discharged when the same set of stimuli were delivered passively. A third class of putamen neurones responded differentially in the discrimination task and predicted whether the speed of the stimulus was low or high. A number of these neurones, which responded differentially during the categorization task, were tested in a light instruction task. This tested the possibility that these differential responses were associated with the intention to move the arm to one of the two target switches. Few neurones responded in this situation. These results indicate that the putamen, in addition to its role in motor regulation, is also involved in higher order aspects of sensory-motor behaviour and in the sensory decision process in this learned somaesthetic task.
Topics: Animals; Arm; Discrimination Learning; Discrimination, Psychological; Electromyography; Electrophysiology; Female; Macaca mulatta; Male; Microelectrodes; Neurons; Physical Stimulation; Putamen; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Touch
PubMed: 7632884
DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199505090-00016 -
Brain Research Bulletin May 2024Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) are relatively common during adolescence although most individuals do not meet diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder...
Associations between somatomotor-putamen resting state connectivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms vary as a function of stress during early adolescence: Data from the ABCD study.
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) are relatively common during adolescence although most individuals do not meet diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Nonetheless, OCS during adolescence are associated with comorbid psychopathologies and behavioral problems. Heightened levels of environmental stress and greater functional connectivity between the somatomotor network and putamen have been previously associated with elevated OCS in OCD patients relative to healthy controls. However, the interaction of these factors within the same sample of individuals has been understudied. This study examined somatomotor-putamen resting state connectivity, stress, and their interaction on OCS in adolescents from 9-12 years of age. Participants (n = 6386) were drawn from the ABCD Study 4.0 release. Multilevel modeling was used to account for nesting in the data and to assess changes in OCS in this age range. Stress moderated the association between somatomotor-putamen connectivity and OCS (β = 0.35, S.E. = 0.13, p = 0.006). Participants who reported more stress than their average and had greater somatomotor-left putamen connectivity reported more OCS, whereas participants who reported less stress than their average and had greater somatomotor-left putamen connectivity reported less OCS. These data suggest that stress differentially affects the direction of association between somatomotor-putamen connectivity and OCS. Individual differences in the experience or perception of stress may contribute to more OCS in adolescents with greater somatomotor-putamen connectivity.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Putamen; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Comorbidity
PubMed: 38508468
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110934 -
Sleep Medicine Nov 2020To investigate the changes in spontaneous neuronal activity of the striatum in idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) patients using regional...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the changes in spontaneous neuronal activity of the striatum in idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) patients using regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) analysis. Furthermore, we tested the association between abnormal spontaneous brain activity and dopamine deficit in patients with iRBD.
METHODS
Fifteen iRBD patients and 15 matched healthy controls received resting state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological assessments. ReHo and ALFF in subregions of the striatum were calculated and compared between groups in a voxel-by-voxel manner. In addition, 15 iRBD patients and seven healthy controls underwent dopamine transporter single photon computed emission tomography (DAT-SPECT) imaging. Correlation analysis was also performed to investigate whether the altered spontaneous brain activity could be correlated with dopamine deficiency in iRBD patients.
RESULTS
We found that iRBD patients, compared with healthy controls, exhibited significantly reduced ReHo in the bilateral putamen. Patients also had significantly decreased tracer uptake in the bilateral putamen and left caudate. In addition, a significantly positive correlation was observed between the mean ReHo value and the tracer uptake ratio in the left putamen of iRBD patients.
CONCLUSIONS
We detected abnormal spontaneous brain activity of the bilateral putamen in iRBD patients. These findings could be complementary to the Braak staging model and could help to clarify the pathophysiology of iRBD.
Topics: Dopamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Putamen; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 32853921
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.09.015 -
Brain : a Journal of Neurology Jul 2011Cerebral cortical activity is heavily influenced by interactions with the basal ganglia. These interactions occur via cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops. The...
Cerebral cortical activity is heavily influenced by interactions with the basal ganglia. These interactions occur via cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops. The putamen is one of the major sites of cortical input into basal ganglia loops and is frequently activated during pain. This activity has been typically associated with the processing of pain-related motor responses. However, the potential contribution of putamen to the processing of sensory aspects of pain remains poorly characterized. In order to more directly determine if the putamen can contribute to sensory aspects of pain, nine individuals with lesions involving the putamen underwent both psychophysical and functional imaging assessment of perceived pain and pain-related brain activation. These individuals exhibited intact tactile thresholds, but reduced heat pain sensitivity and widespread reductions in pain-related cortical activity in comparison with 14 age-matched healthy subjects. Using magnetic resonance imaging to assess structural connectivity in healthy subjects, we show that portions of the putamen activated during pain are connected not only with cortical regions involved in sensory-motor processing, but also regions involved in attention, memory and affect. Such a framework may allow cognitive information to flow from these brain areas to the putamen where it may be used to influence how nociceptive information is processed. Taken together, these findings indicate that the putamen and the basal ganglia may contribute importantly to the shaping of an individual subjective sensory experience by utilizing internal cognitive information to influence activity of large areas of the cerebral cortex.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Brain Injuries; Brain Mapping; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neurologic Examination; Oxygen; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Probability; Psychoacoustics; Putamen
PubMed: 21616963
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr117 -
Journal of Neurophysiology Mar 1997We used psychometric techniques and neurophysiological recordings to study the role of the putamen in somesthetic perception. Four monkeys were trained to categorize the...
We used psychometric techniques and neurophysiological recordings to study the role of the putamen in somesthetic perception. Four monkeys were trained to categorize the speed of moving tactile stimuli. Animals performed a task in which one of two target switches had to be pressed with the right hand to indicate whether the speed of probe movement across the glabrous skin of the left, restrained hand was low or high. During the task we recorded the activity of neurons in the putamen contralateral (right) and ipsilateral (left) to the stimulated hand. We found different types of neuronal responses, all present in the right and left putamen. Some neurons responded during the stimulus period, others responded during the hand-arm movement used to indicate categorization, and others responded during both of these periods. The responses of many neurons did not vary either with the speed of the stimuli or in relation to the categorization process. In contrast, neurons of a particular type responded differentially: their activity reflected whether stimulus speed was low or high. These differential responses occurred during the stimulus and hand-arm motion periods. A number of the nondifferential and differential neurons were studied when the same stimuli used in the categorization task were delivered passively. Few neurons with nondifferential discharges, and none of the differential neurons, responded in this condition. In a visually cued control task we studied the possibility that the differential responses were associated with the intention to press or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the target switches. In this condition, a light turned on instructed the animal which target switch to press for a reward. Very few neurons in both hemispheres maintained the differential responses observed during the categorization task. Those neurons that discharged selectively for low or high speeds were analyzed quantitatively to produce a measure comparable with the psychometric function. The thresholds of the resulting neurometric curves for the neuronal populations were very similar to the psychometric thresholds. The activity of a large fraction of these neurons could be used to accurately predict whether the stimulus speed was low or high. The results indicate that the putamen, both contralateral and ipsilateral to the stimulated hand, contains neurons that discharge in response to the somesthetic stimuli during the categorization task. Those neurons that respond irrespective of the stimulus speed appear to be involved in the general sensorimotor behavior of the animal during the execution of the task. The results suggest that the putamen may play a role in bimanual tasks. The recording of neurons in the right and left putamen whose activities correlate with the speed categories suggests that this region of the basal ganglia, in addition to its role in motor functions, is also involved in the animal's decision process.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Electromyography; Electrophysiology; Functional Laterality; Macaca mulatta; Male; Motor Neurons; Movement; Muscle, Skeletal; Psychometrics; Putamen; Reaction Time; Touch
PubMed: 9084587
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1997.77.3.1132 -
Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden :... Feb 2023Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using magnetic resonance imaging (MR) has been used to estimate cortical atrophy associated with various diseases. However, there are...
Analysis of synthetic magnetic resonance images by multi-channel segmentation increases accuracy of volumetry in the putamen and decreases mis-segmentation in the dural sinuses.
BACKGROUND
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using magnetic resonance imaging (MR) has been used to estimate cortical atrophy associated with various diseases. However, there are mis-segmentations of segmented gray matter image in VBM.
PURPOSE
To study a twofold evaluation of single- and multi-channel segmentation using synthetic MR images: (1) mis-segmentation of segmented gray matter images in transverse and cavernous sinuses; and (2) accuracy and repeatability of segmented gray matter images.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 13 healthy individuals were scanned with 3D quantification using an interleaved Look-Locker acquisition sequence with a T2 preparation pulse (3D-QALAS) sequence on a 1.5-T scanner. Three of the 13 healthy participants were scanned five consecutive times for evaluation of repeatability. We used SyMRI software to create images with three contrasts: T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W), and proton density-weighted (PDW) images. Manual regions of interest (ROI) on T1W imaging were individually set as the gold standard in the transverse sinus, cavernous sinus, and putamen. Single-channel (T1W) and multi-channel (T1W + T2W, T1W + PDW, and T1W + T2W + PDW imaging) segmentations were performed with statistical parametric mapping 12 software.
RESULTS
We found that mis-segmentations in both the transverse and cavernous sinuses were large in single-channel segmentation compared with multi-channel segmentations. Furthermore, the accuracy of segmented gray matter images in the putamen was high in both multi-channel T1W + PDW and T1W + T2W + PDW segmentations compared with other segmentations. Finally, the highest repeatability of left putamen volumetry was found with multi-channel segmentation T1WI + PDWI.
CONCLUSION
Multi-channel segmentation with T1WI + PDWI provides good results for VBM compared with single-channel and other multi-channel segmentations.
Topics: Humans; Putamen; Gray Matter; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Software
PubMed: 35350871
DOI: 10.1177/02841851221089835 -
The Journal of Comparative Neurology Mar 2021Sex steroid hormones such as 17β-estradiol (estradiol) regulate neuronal function by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs), including ERα and GPER1, and through...
Estrogen receptor alpha, G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1, and aromatase: Developmental, sex, and region-specific differences across the rat caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens core and shell.
Sex steroid hormones such as 17β-estradiol (estradiol) regulate neuronal function by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs), including ERα and GPER1, and through differential production via the enzyme aromatase. ERs and aromatase are expressed across the nervous system, including in the striatal brain regions. These regions, comprising the nucleus accumbens core, shell, and caudate-putamen, are instrumental for a wide-range of functions and disorders that show sex differences in phenotype and/or incidence. Sex-specific estrogen action is an integral component for generating these sex differences. A distinctive feature of the striatal regions is that in adulthood neurons exclusively express membrane but not nuclear ERs. This long-standing finding dominates models of estrogen action in striatal regions. However, the developmental etiology of ER and aromatase cellular expression in female and male striatum is unknown. This omission in knowledge is important to address, as developmental stage influences cellular estrogenic mechanisms. Thus, ERα, GPER1, and aromatase cellular immunoreactivity was assessed in perinatal, prepubertal, and adult female and male rats. We tested the hypothesis that ERα, GPER1, and aromatase exhibits sex, region, and age-specific differences, including nuclear expression. ERα exhibits nuclear expression in all three striatal regions before adulthood and disappears in a region- and sex-specific time-course. Cellular GPER1 expression decreases during development in a region- but not sex-specific time-course, resulting in extranuclear expression by adulthood. Somatic aromatase expression presents at prepuberty and increases by adulthood in a region- but not sex-specific time-course. These data indicate that developmental period exerts critical sex-specific influences on striatal cellular estrogenic mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Female; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Putamen; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 32632943
DOI: 10.1002/cne.24978 -
Brain Research Dec 2020The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum metabolomic biomarkers and brain in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) biomarkers in...
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum metabolomic biomarkers and brain in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) biomarkers in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as to investigate compound concentration changes by comparing the results with healthy control subjects. Univariate statistical analysis of the serum showed significant differences in the levels of phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine, glutamine, glutamate, acetone, acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and 1-monoacylglycerol (1-MAG) between the PD patient group and the control group. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed significantly different compound concentrations of acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glutamine, tyrosine, 1-MAG and testosterone. In vivo MRS of the putamen showed significantly higher concentrations of glutamine/glutamate complex and glutamine in patients with PD in comparison to control subjects. Following disrupted metabolic pathways in patients with PD were identified: dopamine synthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, the metabolism of pyruvate, arginine, proline, alanine, aspartate, glutamate, tyrosine and phenylalanine. The obtained results may indicate changes in neurotransmission, disturbances in energy production and an altered cell membrane structure.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Putamen
PubMed: 32931820
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147118