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Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Oct 2022The dorsolateral striatum plays a critical role in the acquisition and expression of stimulus-response habits that are learned in experimental laboratories. Here, we use... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The dorsolateral striatum plays a critical role in the acquisition and expression of stimulus-response habits that are learned in experimental laboratories. Here, we use meta-analytic procedures to contrast the neural circuits activated by laboratory-acquired habits with those activated by stimulus-response behaviours acquired in everyday-life. We confirmed that newly learned habits rely more on the anterior putamen with activation extending into caudate and nucleus accumbens. Motor and associative components of everyday-life habits were identified. We found that motor-dominant stimulus-response associations developed outside the laboratory primarily engaged posterior dorsal putamen, supplementary motor area (SMA) and cerebellum. Importantly, associative components were also represented in the posterior putamen. Thus, common neural representations for both naturalistic and laboratory-based habits were found in the left posterior and right anterior putamen. These findings suggest a partial common striatal substrate for habitual actions that are performed predominantly by stimulus-response associations represented in the posterior striatum. The overlapping neural substrates for laboratory and everyday-life habits supports the use of both methods for the analysis of habitual behaviour.
Topics: Corpus Striatum; Habits; Humans; Laboratories; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Putamen
PubMed: 35963543
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104826 -
Journal of the College of Physicians... Nov 2022Methanol poisoning is a rare but potentially lethal condition. Haemorrhagic necrosis of bilateral basal ganglia, particularly of the putamen, is one of the distinctive...
Methanol poisoning is a rare but potentially lethal condition. Haemorrhagic necrosis of bilateral basal ganglia, particularly of the putamen, is one of the distinctive features of this entity. One of the proposed responsible mechanisms for putaminal haemorrhagic necrosis due to methanol toxicity is inadequate venous drainage of this region. Advanced imaging modalities are used to guide diagnosis and patient management. Here, we report a 61-year man who had a fulminant acute methanol toxicity due to accidental ingestion. Susceptibility-weighted-imaging (SWI) showed marked bilateral basal ganglia and brainstem haemorrhage. Also, congested and dilated venous structures were detected in SWI, which may be an indirect sign of inadequate venous drainage of this region. We intend to present the cerebral SWI features of a patient with fulminant methanol toxicity in order to clarify the underlying physiopathology of the brain damage, which has not yet been presented in the literature to the best of our knowledge. Key Words: Methanol, Toxic encephalopathy, Magnetic resonance imaging, Cerebral haemorrhage.
Topics: Humans; Male; Methanol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Putamen; Necrosis
PubMed: 36377024
DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2022.11.1495 -
Human Brain Mapping Oct 2020Around half of patients with early psychosis have a history of cannabis use. We aimed to determine if there are neurobiological differences in these the subgroups of...
Around half of patients with early psychosis have a history of cannabis use. We aimed to determine if there are neurobiological differences in these the subgroups of persons with psychosis with and without a history of cannabis use. We expected to see regional deflations in hippocampus as a neurotoxic effect and regional inflations in striatal regions implicated in addictive processes. Volumetric, T1w MRIs were acquired from people with a diagnosis psychosis with (PwP + C = 28) or without (PwP - C = 26) a history of cannabis use; and Controls with (C + C = 16) or without (C - C = 22) cannabis use. We undertook vertex-based shape analysis of the brainstem, amygdala, hippocampus, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, thalamus using FSL FIRST. Clusters were defined through Threshold Free Cluster Enhancement and Family Wise Error was set at p < .05. We adjusted analyses for age, sex, tobacco and alcohol use. The putamen (bilaterally) and the right thalamus showed regional enlargement in PwP + C versus PwP - C. There were no areas of regional deflation. There were no significant differences between C + C and C - C. Cannabis use in participants with psychosis is associated with morphological alterations in subcortical structures. Putamen and thalamic enlargement may be related to compulsivity in patients with a history of cannabis use.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Marijuana Use; Psychotic Disorders; Putamen; Thalamus; Young Adult
PubMed: 32687254
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25131 -
Behavioural Brain Research Oct 2015The striatum integrates diverse convergent input and plays a critical role in the goal-directed behaviors. To date, the auditory functions of striatum are less studied....
The striatum integrates diverse convergent input and plays a critical role in the goal-directed behaviors. To date, the auditory functions of striatum are less studied. Recently, it was demonstrated that auditory cortico-striatal projections influence behavioral performance during a frequency discrimination task. To reveal the functions of striatal neurons in auditory discrimination, we recorded the single-unit spike activities in the putamen (dorsal striatum) of free-moving cats while performing a Go/No-go task to discriminate the sounds with different modulation rates (12.5 Hz vs. 50 Hz) or envelopes (damped vs. ramped). We found that the putamen neurons can be broadly divided into four groups according to their contributions to sound discrimination. First, 40% of neurons showed vigorous responses synchronized to the sound envelope, and could precisely discriminate different sounds. Second, 18% of neurons showed a high preference of ramped to damped sounds, but no preference for modulation rate. They could only discriminate the change of sound envelope. Third, 27% of neurons rapidly adapted to the sound stimuli, had no ability of sound discrimination. Fourth, 15% of neurons discriminated the sounds dependent on the reward-prediction. Comparing to passively listening condition, the activities of putamen neurons were significantly enhanced by the engagement of the auditory tasks, but not modulated by the cat's behavioral choice. The coexistence of multiple types of neurons suggests that the putamen is involved in the transformation from auditory representation to stimulus-reward association.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Auditory Perception; Cats; Discrimination, Psychological; Male; Neurons; Putamen
PubMed: 26162752
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.002 -
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) Dec 2004The ability to locate pain plays a pivotal role in immediate defence and withdrawal behaviour. However, it is unclear to what extent nociceptive information is relayed...
The ability to locate pain plays a pivotal role in immediate defence and withdrawal behaviour. However, it is unclear to what extent nociceptive information is relayed to and processed in subcortical structures relevant for motor preparation and possibly the generation of withdrawal behaviour. We used single-trial functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess whether nociceptive information is represented in the putamen in a somatotopic manner. We therefore applied thulium-YAG laser-evoked pain stimuli, which had no concomitant tactile component, to the dorsum of the left hand and foot to 15 healthy subjects in a randomized order. In addition, 11 subjects were stimulated on the right body side. Differential representations of hand- and foot-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses within the putamen were assessed using a single subject approach. Nociceptive stimuli significantly activated the putamen bilaterally. However, a somatotopic organization for hand- and foot-related responses was only present in the contralateral putamen. Here the foot was located anteriorly and medially to the hand, which parallels results from anatomical and microstimulation studies in monkeys and also human imaging data on the arrangement of movement related activity in the putamen. This result provides evidence for the hypothesis that behaviourally relevant nociceptive information without additional information from the tactile system is represented in the putamen and made available for pain related motor responses.
Topics: Adult; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pain Measurement; Putamen
PubMed: 15217895
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhh094 -
PloS One 2013Day-to-day variability in performance is a common experience. We investigated its neural correlate by studying learning behavior of monkeys in a two-alternative forced...
Day-to-day variability in performance is a common experience. We investigated its neural correlate by studying learning behavior of monkeys in a two-alternative forced choice task, the two-armed bandit task. We found substantial session-to-session variability in the monkeys' learning behavior. Recording the activity of single dorsal putamen neurons we uncovered a dual function of this structure. It has been previously shown that a population of neurons in the DLP exhibits firing activity sensitive to the reward value of chosen actions. Here, we identify putative medium spiny neurons in the dorsal putamen that are cue-selective and whose activity builds up with learning. Remarkably we show that session-to-session changes in the size of this population and in the intensity with which this population encodes cue-selectivity is correlated with session-to-session changes in the ability to learn the task. Moreover, at the population level, dorsal putamen activity in the very beginning of the session is correlated with the performance at the end of the session, thus predicting whether the monkey will have a "good" or "bad" learning day. These results provide important insights on the neural basis of inter-temporal performance variability.
Topics: Animals; Female; Learning; Macaca mulatta; Neurons; Putamen
PubMed: 24244706
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080683 -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... 19911. The present review summarizes evidence describing the expression, immunoreactivity, binding, transport, development, aging, and functions of NGF in the mammalian... (Review)
Review
1. The present review summarizes evidence describing the expression, immunoreactivity, binding, transport, development, aging, and functions of NGF in the mammalian neostriatum. 2. Neostriatal NGF binding sites and intrinsic cholinergic neurons are co-localized, increase at a similar rate during ontogeny, and are lost to an equal extent following age- or injury-induced loss of neostriatal neurons. 3. Exogenously administered NGF augments ChAT activity in the intact caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, and following mechanical or excitotoxin-induced cholinergic injury. NGF antibodies lower ChAT in the intact caudate-putamen. 4. Neostriatal cholinergic interneurons are lost in the aged rat but also in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, supranuclear palsy, and Huntington's chorea. Future studies need to address the extent to which these losses result from an abbreviation of NGF production, binding, or transport and whether rhNGF administration may retard or reverse these cholinergic losses.
Topics: Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Humans; Nerve Growth Factors; Putamen
PubMed: 1871319
DOI: 10.1016/0278-5846(91)90077-e -
No To Shinkei = Brain and Nerve Jun 1995A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with abrupt onset of hemichorea-hemiballism in the left arm and leg. On admission, the blood glucose level was 296 mg/dl,... (Review)
Review
A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with abrupt onset of hemichorea-hemiballism in the left arm and leg. On admission, the blood glucose level was 296 mg/dl, glycosylated hemoglobin Alc was 17.0%, and the serum osmolality was 296 mOsm/l. Urinalysis was negative for ketone bodies, but was strongly positive for glucose. After normalization of the blood glucose level, ballistic movement disappeared, but choreiform movement of the left arm and leg continued for 10 months. Brain CT showed a slight high density of the right putamen, which disappeared on 37th day after the onset. MRI showed high intensity on T1-weighted images and low intensity on T2-weighted images in the right putamen, which disappeared 10 months after the onset. SPECT on the 21th day after the onset showed hyperperfusion in the right putamen. 4 months later, the blood flow slightly reduced in the right putamen. The abnormality in the right putamen was considered to be the cause of his involuntary movements. High intensity in the putamen on T1-weighted MR images in the present case are presumed to have developed following mild ischemia and the reversible deposition of calcium or other material which occurred in association with nonketotic hyperglycemia.
Topics: Aged; Chorea; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Putamen; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 7605683
DOI: No ID Found -
Leveraging genome characteristics to improve gene discovery for putamen subcortical brain structure.Scientific Reports Nov 2017Discovering genetic variants associated with human brain structures is an on-going effort. The ENIGMA consortium conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with...
Discovering genetic variants associated with human brain structures is an on-going effort. The ENIGMA consortium conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with standard multi-study analytical methodology and identified several significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Here we employ a novel analytical approach that incorporates functional genome annotations (e.g., exon or 5'UTR), total linkage disequilibrium (LD) scores and heterozygosity to construct enrichment scores for improved identification of relevant SNPs. The method provides increased power to detect associated SNPs by estimating stratum-specific false discovery rate (FDR), where strata are classified according to enrichment scores. Applying this approach to the GWAS summary statistics of putamen volume in the ENIGMA cohort, a total of 15 independent significant SNPs were identified (conditional FDR < 0.05). In contrast, 4 SNPs were found based on standard GWAS analysis (P < 5 × 10). These 11 novel loci include GATAD2B, ASCC3, DSCAML1, and HELZ, which are previously implicated in various neural related phenotypes. The current findings demonstrate the boost in power with the annotation-informed FDR method, and provide insight into the genetic architecture of the putamen.
Topics: Genome, Human; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Putamen
PubMed: 29147026
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15705-x -
Psychopharmacology Oct 2013Problematic drug use is associated with difficulty in exerting self-control over behaviors, and this difficulty may be a consequence of atypical morphometric...
RATIONALE
Problematic drug use is associated with difficulty in exerting self-control over behaviors, and this difficulty may be a consequence of atypical morphometric characteristics that are exhibited by drug-experienced individuals. The extent to which these structural abnormalities result from drug use or reflect neurobiological risk factors that predate drug use, however, is unknown.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to determine how methamphetamine affects corticostriatal structure and how drug-induced changes relate to alterations in inhibitory control.
METHODS
Structural magnetic resonance images and positron emission tomography (PET) scans, assessing dopamine D₂-like receptor and transporter availability, were acquired in monkeys trained to acquire, retain, and reverse three-choice visual discrimination problems before and after exposure to an escalating dose regimen of methamphetamine (or saline, as a control). Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare changes in corticostriatal gray matter between methamphetamine- and saline-exposed monkeys. The change in gray matter before and after the dosing regimen was compared to the change in the behavioral performance and in dopaminergic markers measured with PET.
RESULTS
Methamphetamine exposure, compared to saline, increased gray matter within the right putamen. These changes were positively correlated with changes in performance of methamphetamine-exposed monkeys in the reversal phase, and were negatively correlated with alterations in D₂-like receptor and DAT availability.
CONCLUSIONS
The results provide the first evidence that exposure to a methamphetamine dosing regimen that resembles human use alters the structural integrity of the striatum and that gray-matter abnormalities detected in human methamphetamine users are due, at least in part, to the pharmacological effects of drug experience.
Topics: Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cognition; Discrimination, Psychological; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Inhibition, Psychological; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Methamphetamine; Positron-Emission Tomography; Putamen; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Retention, Psychology; Reversal Learning; Time Factors
PubMed: 23748383
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3159-9