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Neurogastroenterology and Motility Jun 2005The pylorus controls the flow between a reservoir dedicated to mechanical and chemical digestion (the stomach) and a conduit dedicated to the absorption of nutrients... (Review)
Review
The pylorus controls the flow between a reservoir dedicated to mechanical and chemical digestion (the stomach) and a conduit dedicated to the absorption of nutrients (the intestines). The pylorus adjusts gastric outflow resistance to physiological needs. It allows the outflow of isotonic fluids yet selectively retains particles too large for delivery to the intestines and in concert with the antrum further processes them (gastric sieving). Unlike most gut sphincters, the pylorus, at least of man, maintains a patent lumen most of the time. It only intermittently becomes a tightly closed barrier that arrests all flow out of and into the stomach. The geometry of the pylorus changes dramatically from the relaxed open state to closure. Pyloric closure involves contraction of its proximal and distal muscle loops, and occlusion of its lumen by mucosal folds. Current studies that combine pressure recordings with imaging by magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound and fluid-mechanical analysis shed new light on the role of the pylorus in gastric emptying and digestion. Much has been learned in recent years on the innervation of the normal pylorus particularly from studies on infantile hypertrophic stenosis, and attempts are being made to treat gastroparesis by interventions on the pylorus.
Topics: Humans; Pylorus
PubMed: 15836452
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2005.00664.x -
Gastroenterology Aug 2020
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Botulinum Toxins; Gastric Emptying; Gastroparesis; Humans; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; Pyloromyotomy; Pylorus
PubMed: 32389662
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.072 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Sep 2022
Topics: Abdomen; Humans; Pylorus
PubMed: 34893329
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.11.049 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Jun 2015
Topics: Aged; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Humans; Male; Pylorus
PubMed: 26031868
DOI: No ID Found -
Singapore Medical Journal Jun 2018
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Duodenal Diseases; Duodenum; Endoscopy; Gastric Fistula; Humans; Male; Pylorus
PubMed: 29974123
DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2018073 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Aug 2002
Topics: Aged; Gastric Fistula; Humans; Male; Pylorus; Radiography; Stomach Ulcer
PubMed: 12145608
DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(02)70189-2 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Dec 2020Peroral pyloromyotomy, an innovative intramural endoscopic surgery procedure, is a successful management option for appropriately selected patients who suffer from... (Review)
Review
Peroral pyloromyotomy, an innovative intramural endoscopic surgery procedure, is a successful management option for appropriately selected patients who suffer from medically refractory gastroparesis. Gastroparesis is a debilitating disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which significantly decreases quality of life and overall survival. This article describes the history and background, the indications for, the diagnosis of, and the preparation, technique, and short-term outcomes of peroral pyloromyotomy.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Gastroparesis; Humans; Patient Care Team; Perioperative Care; Pyloromyotomy; Pylorus
PubMed: 33128888
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2020.08.015 -
Progress in Molecular Biology and... 2010The discrete organs that comprise the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine) arise embryonically by regional differentiation... (Review)
Review
The discrete organs that comprise the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine) arise embryonically by regional differentiation of a single tube that is initially morphologically similar along its length. Regional organ differentiation programs, for example, for stomach or intestine, involve signaling cross-talk between epithelium and mesenchyme and result in the formation of precise boundaries between organs, across which dramatic differences in both morphology and gene expression are seen. The pylorus is a unique area of the gut tube because it not only marks an important organ boundary in the tubular gut (the stomach/intestinal boundary) but is also the hub for the development of multiple accessory organs (liver, pancreas, gall bladder, and spleen). This chapter examines: (a) our current understanding of the molecular and morphogenic processes that underlie the generation of the dramatic epithelial tissue boundary that compartmentalizes stomach and intestine; (b) the tissue interactions that promote development of the accessory organs in this area; and (c) the molecular interactions that specify patterning of the pyloric sphincter. Though the focus here is primarily on the mouse as a model organism, the molecular underpinnings of organ patterning near the pylorus are shared by chick and frog. Thus, further study of these conserved developmental programs could potentially shed light on the mechanisms underlying human pyloric malformations such as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Topics: Animals; Body Patterning; Endoderm; Humans; Mesoderm; Morphogenesis; Organ Specificity; Pylorus
PubMed: 21075339
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381280-3.00002-6 -
Nihon Geka Hokan. Archiv Fur Japanische... May 1981
Review
Topics: Duodenum; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Middle Aged; Pyloric Antrum; Pyloric Stenosis; Pylorus; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 7030253
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Medicine Feb 2023To investigate if different methods of pancreatoduodenectomy (with or without pyloric preservation) would have different impacts on postoperative nutrition and body...
Pylorus-preserving versus Pylorus-resecting: Impact on dynamic changes of nutrition and body composition in pancreatic cancer patients before and after pancreatoduodenectomy.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate if different methods of pancreatoduodenectomy (with or without pyloric preservation) would have different impacts on postoperative nutrition and body composition changes among pancreatic cancer patients.
METHODS
Demographic and clinicopathological data, perioperative data were collected, body composition (e.g. skeletal muscle cross-sectional area [CSA], visceral fat area [VFA]) were evaluated with abdominal CT before and after surgery. Sarcopenia patients' proportion changes were also recorded.
RESULTS
The hospital stay in the PRPD group was significantly less than that in the PPPD group (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found in CSA, skeletal muscle index (SMI), VFA, VFA/CSA and albumin (ALB) in both groups between preoperative, 3, and 12 months after surgery. The loss of visceral fat in the PRPD group was more prominent than that in the PPPD group at 3 months and 12 months after surgery (p < 0.05). VFA/CSA was higher in the PPPD group than in the PRPD group (3 months: p < 0.05, 12 months: p < 0.001). The proportion of sarcopenic patients increased significantly over time in the PPPD and PRPD groups (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative CSA and VFA continued to significantly decrease in both PPPD and PRPD groups, while the incidence of sarcopenia continued to increase. Compared with PRPD, PPPD has a protective effect on visceral fat. PPPD may contribute to better maintaining visceral fat mass and blood ALB levels. CT quantification can be an objective and effective method to evaluate the nutritional status of pancreatic cancer patients during the pre- and postoperative period and can provide a useful objective basis for guiding clinical treatment.
Topics: Humans; Pylorus; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Nutritional Status; Sarcopenia; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Body Composition; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 36028989
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5155