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Mycopathologia Oct 2016Pyrenochaeta romeroi is a rare fungal agent of chronic, suppurative subcutaneous infections leading to mycetoma. It is an unusual cause of deep, non-mycetomatous... (Review)
Review
Pyrenochaeta romeroi is a rare fungal agent of chronic, suppurative subcutaneous infections leading to mycetoma. It is an unusual cause of deep, non-mycetomatous infections. We herein present review of the literature along with a case of 61-year-old Indian female with rheumatoid arthritis who developed subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Pyrenochaeta romeroi. It posed a diagnostic challenge, as the culture from fine-needle aspirate revealed a non-sporulating dematiaceous mould, which was the only supportive tool for its diagnosis and initiation of the therapy. However, it was the molecular sequencing which played the pivotal role in clinching the final aetiological diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 20th case of Pyrenochaeta species infection occurring worldwide and first case report of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Pyrenochaeta romeroi in a rheumatoid arthritis patient.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Ascomycota; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Female; Hand; Humans; India; Microbiological Techniques; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Phaeohyphomycosis; Radiography; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin
PubMed: 27287745
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0022-7 -
Medical Mycology Case Reports Jun 2015Opportunistic subcutaneous fungal infections are increasing in present times due to increasing incidence of many medical conditions causing immunosupression like...
Opportunistic subcutaneous fungal infections are increasing in present times due to increasing incidence of many medical conditions causing immunosupression like diabetes, AIDS, organ transplant recipients and anticancer therapy. Pyrenochaeta romeroi, a fungus from the dematiaceae group, first described by Borelli in 1959, is saprophyte to soil and plants.We present a rare case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic cyst in a diabetic female caused by P. romeroi.
PubMed: 25941632
DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2015.04.001 -
Mycological Progress 2022Perylenequinones (PQs) are aromatic polyketides with an oxidized pentacyclic core that make up a family of natural compounds. Naturally occurring PQs mostly are produced... (Review)
Review
Perylenequinones (PQs) are aromatic polyketides with an oxidized pentacyclic core that make up a family of natural compounds. Naturally occurring PQs mostly are produced by phytopathogenic fungi, with few aphides, crinoids, and plants. PQs, also known as photosensitizers, absorb light energy which empowers them to produce reactive oxygen species that damage host cells. Therefore, PQs gained a considerable interest in pharmaceutical application notably in photodynamic therapy. This review presents a comprehensive overview of fungal PQs. Their occurrence, categorization, biosynthesis, structures, and bioactivities are all discussed in detail. After that, an analysis outlines their distribution across the kingdom of fungi. A total of 66 fungal PQs have been described from 22 ascomycete genera (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and ). account for the majority of documented fungal PQs (82%), followed by (14%), (3%), and (1%). Herein, five families , , , , and are highlighted as potential sources of novel PQs due to their diversity. The review intends to pique bioprospectors' interest in fungal PQs. Indeed, the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries might gain greatly by exploiting fungal perylenequinones. Graphical abstract.
PubMed: 35401071
DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01790-4 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 2009We report a new fungus as an agent of fungal keratitis in a diabetic woman. The fungal etiology was established by classic microbiology and PCR following 3 months of...
We report a new fungus as an agent of fungal keratitis in a diabetic woman. The fungal etiology was established by classic microbiology and PCR following 3 months of antibacterial therapy. The morphological features of the isolate and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region indicate a new species of Pyrenochaeta (Coelomycetes).
Topics: Aged; Ascomycota; Cornea; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Diabetes Complications; Eye; Female; Humans; Keratitis; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycological Typing Techniques; Mycoses; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 19297598
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01912-08 -
The Australasian Journal of Dermatology May 2020Phaeohyphomycosis, caused by opportunistic rare fungi, has increasingly been reported in diabetic and immunosuppressed patients. Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis...
Phaeohyphomycosis, caused by opportunistic rare fungi, has increasingly been reported in diabetic and immunosuppressed patients. Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis (P. unguis-hominis), a member of the dematiaceae group, has been identified to cause human nail infection. We report a rare case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in a diabetic female caused by P. unguis-hominis.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Dermatomycoses; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nail Diseases
PubMed: 31724160
DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13177 -
International Journal of Dermatology Oct 2013
Review
Topics: Aged; Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Mitosporic Fungi; Opportunistic Infections; Subcutaneous Tissue
PubMed: 24073906
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05173.x -
Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia Mar 2010The new coelomycete Pyrenochaeta keratinophila, isolated from corneal scrapings of a case of keratitis in Spain, is described and illustrated. This fungus is...
The new coelomycete Pyrenochaeta keratinophila, isolated from corneal scrapings of a case of keratitis in Spain, is described and illustrated. This fungus is morphologically characterized by grey-olivaceous to greenish olivaceous colonies, scarce pycnidial setae placed mainly near the ostiole and production of phialoconidia from the aerial mycelium. The latter feature is unknown in any other species of the genus Pyrenochaeta. Sequencing of the ITS rDNA region of this clinical strain confirmed this proposal and revealed its close genetic relationship with the Leptosphaeriaceae.
Topics: Aged; Antifungal Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Complications; Female; Humans; Keratitis; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Ketoconazole; Natamycin; Saccharomycetales
PubMed: 19955009
DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2009.09.001 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016Opportunistic subcutaneous fungal infections are increasing nowadays due to the growing number of medical conditions causing immunosuppression, especially organ...
Opportunistic subcutaneous fungal infections are increasing nowadays due to the growing number of medical conditions causing immunosuppression, especially organ transplant. The incidence rate of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis is very low. Most studies found are case reports. They showed a wide variation of clinical presentations. Pyrenochaeta romeroi, a fungus from the Dematiaceae group is a saprophyte found in soil and plants and a possible causative agent of phaeohyphomycosis. We present a rare case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by P. romeroi mimicking a synovial cyst in a diabetic patient.
PubMed: 27630637
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01405 -
Plant Physiology Sep 1985[(14)C]Acetate, [(14)C]formate, and methyl[(14)C]methionine all serve as precursors of pyrenocines A, B, and C when added to cultures of Pyrenochaeta terrestris (Hansen)...
[(14)C]Acetate, [(14)C]formate, and methyl[(14)C]methionine all serve as precursors of pyrenocines A, B, and C when added to cultures of Pyrenochaeta terrestris (Hansen) Gorenz, Walker, and Larson, the pathogen responsible for disease known as pink root of onion (Allium cepa L.). This information supports the hypothesis that these metabolites are methyl-substituted polyketides in origin. Pyrenocine A arises from acetate via uncharacterized intermediates and is subsequently converted to pyrenocine B. The biosynthetic role of pyrenocine C remains uncertain.
PubMed: 16664393
DOI: 10.1104/pp.79.1.308 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Jun 2011A subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic cyst caused by Pyrenochaeta romeroi in a 47-year-old Indian female is described. The organism was isolated repeatedly from the aspirated...
A subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic cyst caused by Pyrenochaeta romeroi in a 47-year-old Indian female is described. The organism was isolated repeatedly from the aspirated material from the cyst. It was identified by colony and microscopic characteristics, and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer regions of the rDNA. Although the patient recovered without antifungal therapy, the isolate appeared resistant to commonly used antifungal agents. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second report of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic cyst caused by Pyrenochaeta romeroi.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Cysts; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Dermatomycoses; Female; Fingers; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycology; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin
PubMed: 21349989
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.029520-0