-
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2023Pyridoxine and its derivatives, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxal have been recognized for more than 70 years and are known for regulating cellular biology and metabolism.... (Review)
Review
Pyridoxine and its derivatives, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxal have been recognized for more than 70 years and are known for regulating cellular biology and metabolism. During the past few decades, the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of pyridoxine and its vitamers were explored. However, an interesting turnabout was observed in pyridoxine chemical modification in the last two decades. The various important pathophysiological aspects of pyridoxine and its derivatives on several cellular systems have been discovered by researchers. Recent findings have shown that many diseases, like cancer, diabetes, hypertension, tuberculosis, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases are linked to the alteration of pyridoxine. Herein, our main focus is to review the importance of pyridoxine and its derivatives obtained by various chemical modifications, in various disease areas and to recognize important directions for future research.
Topics: Pyridoxal; Pyridoxamine; Pyridoxine
PubMed: 36503471
DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221208125203 -
Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013) Mar 2022Pediatric seizures are a common reason for emergency department visits. The highest risk of seizures in children is during the neonatal period. A low index of suspicion... (Review)
Review
Pediatric seizures are a common reason for emergency department visits. The highest risk of seizures in children is during the neonatal period. A low index of suspicion is important to facilitate the early assessment, workup, and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism to optimize developmental outcomes. We present the rare case of a 9-day-old with seizures refractory to multiple anticonvulsant medications who was diagnosed with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. We review differences in the management of neonatal seizures from older patients, the utility of a trial of pyridoxine in refractory neonatal seizures, and the importance of preparing for emergent airway management given pyridoxine's ability to cause apnea and central nervous system depression.
Topics: Epilepsy; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pyridoxine; Seizures
PubMed: 35211704
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and... Aug 2017It has been suggested that pyridoxine has an antilactogenic effect. Studies of the efficacy of pyridoxine in suppressing lactation have reported conflicting results. The... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE
It has been suggested that pyridoxine has an antilactogenic effect. Studies of the efficacy of pyridoxine in suppressing lactation have reported conflicting results. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of high-dose pyridoxine in post-partum lactation inhibition.
METHODS
This systematic review included published trials that compared the efficacy and/or safety of pyridoxine to placebo or to other pharmacological agents for the inhibition of post-partum lactation. We searched PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, AMED, the Cochrane library and the clinical trials registry to identify relevant literature. No limit was imposed on the year of publication of the studies, and the review included studies published until 15 January 2016. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Seven studies were included, with a total of 1155 women, of which 471 women received pyridoxine. Three studies were randomized controlled trials, whereas the remaining four studies were non-randomized controlled trials. All of the included studies were relatively small (n=18-482). The studies compared pyridoxine with placebo, bromocriptine and/or stilboestrol. Pyridoxine was given orally, with a total daily dose of 450-600 mg for 5-7 days. Two trials (n=349 participants) indicated that pyridoxine was effective in inhibiting lactation in approximately 95% of the enrolled patients. All other studies failed to demonstrate pyridoxine efficacy through either clinical assessment or prolactin level measurements. Pyridoxine safety was assessed by two trials in which no serious untoward side effects were reported. Overall, the risk of bias for most of the studies was low to moderate.
WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION
Current evidence supporting the effectiveness of high-dose pyridoxine in the inhibition of post-partum lactation is inconsistent and insufficient. Larger randomized trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of pyridoxine in post-partum lactation inhibition.
Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Lactation; Postpartum Period; Pyridoxine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28425124
DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12526 -
Journal of Nephrology 1998Owing to the rarity of PH, the efficacy of pyridoxine therapy has only been tested in very small series of patients. From two recent reports including 18 patients, 50%... (Review)
Review
Owing to the rarity of PH, the efficacy of pyridoxine therapy has only been tested in very small series of patients. From two recent reports including 18 patients, 50% of patients would be unresponsive to pyridoxine whereas oxaluria would be normalized in 20% of patients and somewhat reduced-but not to normal level-in the remaining 30%. In a few aneodotical cases pyridoxine administration was reported to improve kidney function in patients with renal failure secondary to hyperoxaluria. It is reminded that megadoses of pyridoxine (0.5 to 6 g daily) may induce severe sensory neuropathy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Hyperoxaluria, Primary; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Pyridoxine
PubMed: 9604811
DOI: No ID Found -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Apr 2003Pyridoxine-dependent seizures have been recognised for 40 years, but the clinical and biochemical features are still not understood. It is a rare recessively inherited... (Review)
Review
Pyridoxine-dependent seizures have been recognised for 40 years, but the clinical and biochemical features are still not understood. It is a rare recessively inherited condition where classically a baby starts convulsing in utero and continues to do so after birth, until given pyridoxine. Many of these early onset cases also have an acute encephalopathy and other clinical features. Late onset cases are now recognised with a less severe form of the condition. Seizures can break through with intercurrent illness but otherwise remain controlled on pharmacologic doses of pyridoxine. The long-term outcome is affected by several factors including whether onset is early or late and how soon pyridoxine is given. Biochemical studies have been sparse, on very small numbers. There does not appear to be any defect in the uptake or metabolism of pyridoxine or pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). For a long time glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a pyridoxal-dependent enzyme, has been suspected to be the abnormal gene product, but glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) studies on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been contradictory and recent genetic studies have not found any linkage to the two brain isoforms. A recent report describes raised pipecolic acid levels in patients but how this ties in is unexplained.
Topics: Drug Overdose; Humans; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Pyridoxine; Seizures; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 12686105
DOI: 10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00045-1 -
Carbohydrate Research Mar 2020The chemical synthesis of pyridoxine-5'-β-d-glucoside (5'-β-PNG) was investigated using various glucoside donors and promoters. Hereby, the combination of...
The chemical synthesis of pyridoxine-5'-β-d-glucoside (5'-β-PNG) was investigated using various glucoside donors and promoters. Hereby, the combination of α4,3-O-isopropylidene pyridoxine, glucose vested with different leaving and protecting groups and the application of stoichiometric amounts of different promoters was examined with regards to the preparation of the twofold protected PNG. Best results were obtained with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride and boron trifluoride etherate (2.0 eq.) as promoter at 0 °C (59%). The deprotection was accomplished stepwise with potassium/sodium hydroxide in acetonitrile/water followed by acid hydrolysis with formic acid resulting in the chemical synthesis of 5'-β-PNG.
Topics: Glycosides; Glycosylation; Molecular Conformation; Pyridoxine
PubMed: 32044534
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107929 -
Molecular Biology Reports Jul 2021Pyridoxine (PN), one of the vitamers of vitamin B6, plays an important role in the maintenance of epidermal function and is used to treat acne and rough skin. Clinical...
Pyridoxine (PN), one of the vitamers of vitamin B6, plays an important role in the maintenance of epidermal function and is used to treat acne and rough skin. Clinical studies have revealed that PN deficiency causes skin problems such as seborrheic dermatitis and stomatitis. However, the detailed effects of PN and its mechanism of action in epidermal function are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of PN on epidermal function in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and found that PN specifically causes an increase in the expression of profilaggrin mRNA, among marker genes of terminal epidermal differentiation. In addition, PN treatment caused an increase in the production of filaggrin protein in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with P purinoceptor antagonists, namely, pyridoxal phosphate-6-azo (benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid) tetrasodium salt hydrate and TNP-ATP hydrate, induced an increase in the filaggrin protein levels. Moreover, we showed that elevated filaggrin production induced upon PN treatment was suppressed by ATP (known as P purinoceptor agonist). This study is the first to report that PN causes an increase in filaggrin transcription and production, and these results suggest that PN-induced filaggrin production may be a useful target as a daily care component in atopic dermatitis, wherein filaggrin levels are specifically reduced.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Epidermis; Filaggrin Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratinocytes; Pyridoxine
PubMed: 34302584
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06563-y -
The British Journal of Psychiatry : the... Feb 1973
Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Pyridoxine; Schizophrenia; Time Factors
PubMed: 4714839
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.122.2.240 -
Lancet (London, England) Aug 1969
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Homocystinuria; Humans; Male; Pyridoxine
PubMed: 4184133
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(69)90040-3 -
International Journal For Vitamin and... 1988