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Journal of Controlled Release :... Jun 2024In recent years, the intersection of the academic and medical domains has increasingly spotlighted the utilization of biomaterials in radioactive disease treatment and... (Review)
Review
In recent years, the intersection of the academic and medical domains has increasingly spotlighted the utilization of biomaterials in radioactive disease treatment and radiation protection. Biomaterials, distinguished from conventional molecular pharmaceuticals, offer a suite of advantages in addressing radiological conditions. These include their superior biological activity, chemical stability, exceptional histocompatibility, and targeted delivery capabilities. This review comprehensively delineates the therapeutic mechanisms employed by various biomaterials in treating radiological afflictions impacting the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and hematopoietic systems. Significantly, these nanomaterials function not only as efficient drug delivery vehicles but also as protective agents against radiation, mitigating its detrimental effects on the human body. Notably, the strategic amalgamation of specific biomaterials with particular pharmacological agents can lead to a synergistic therapeutic outcome, opening new avenues in the treatment of radiation- induced diseases. However, despite their broad potential applications, the biosafety and clinical efficacy of these biomaterials still require in-depth research and investigation. Ultimately, this review aims to not only bridge the current knowledge gaps in the application of biomaterials for radiation-induced diseases but also to inspire future innovations and research directions in this rapidly evolving field.
Topics: Humans; Biocompatible Materials; Animals; Radiation Injuries; Radiation Protection; Radiation-Protective Agents; Drug Delivery Systems
PubMed: 38692438
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.044 -
Seminars in Oncology Dec 2002Amifostine (Ethyol; MedImmune Oncology, Gaithersburg, MD) is a radio- and chemoprotective agent currently in clinical use. Based on experimental data showing the... (Review)
Review
Amifostine (Ethyol; MedImmune Oncology, Gaithersburg, MD) is a radio- and chemoprotective agent currently in clinical use. Based on experimental data showing the potential for mucosal protection and additional information in animal studies showing rapid uptake of amifostine in the salivary glands along with effective radioprotection, several investigators have tested this drug in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) undergoing radiotherapy. The first evidence that amifostine, administered at 200 mg/m(2)/d intravenously before each radiotherapy session, could effectively protect salivary function in patients with HNSCC was provided by McDonald et al in a limited series of HNSCC patients. On the basis of these phase I results, an international multicenter phase III radiotherapy trial with or without amifostine was carried out by Brizel et al in a series of 315 patients with head and neck tumors showing a reduction in xerostomia with no suggestion of tumor protection. Additional data have been obtained in patients with HNSCC regarding the potential protective effect of amifostine on the duration and severity of radio-induced mucositis. This effect was reported in small, randomized studies of patients receiving intensive accelerated radiotherapy (Bourhis et al) or combined radiochemotherapy (Buntzel et al). In conclusion, the experience obtained to date in HNSCC patients treated with radiotherapy supports the selective cytoprotective activity of amifostine to minimize radiation effects while apparently not diminishing tumor control.
Topics: Amifostine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cytoprotection; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Radiation Injuries; Radiation-Protective Agents; Xerostomia
PubMed: 12577247
DOI: 10.1053/sonc.2002.37349 -
Radiation Research Nov 2011Protection against radiation-induced DNA strand breaks is an important aspect in the design and development of a radioprotector. In this study, the radioprotective...
Protection against radiation-induced DNA strand breaks is an important aspect in the design and development of a radioprotector. In this study, the radioprotective efficacy of sesamol, a natural antioxidant, was investigated in aqueous solution of plasmid DNA (pBR322) and compared with that of melatonin, a known antioxidant-based radioprotector. Thermal denaturation studies on irradiated calf thymus DNA were also carried out with sesamol and melatonin. Sesamol demonstrated greater radioprotective efficacy in both plasmid DNA and calf thymus DNA. To assess the radical scavenging capacity of sesamol and melatonin, 2-deoxyribose degradation, DPPH and ABTS assays were performed. Sesamol exhibited more scavenging capacity compared to melatonin. In vitro studies with V79 cells showed that sesamol is 20 times more potent than melatonin. It is proposed that the greater radioprotective efficacy of sesamol could be due to its greater capacity for scavenging of free radicals compared to melatonin. The results will be helpful in understanding the mechanisms and development of sesamol as a radioprotector.
Topics: Animals; Benzodioxoles; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Cattle; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; DNA; DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded; Free Radical Scavengers; Hydroxyl Radical; Melatonin; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Phenols; Picrates; Plasmids; Radiation-Protective Agents; Sulfonic Acids; Thiazoles; Transition Temperature
PubMed: 21899433
DOI: 10.1667/rr2661.1 -
Free Radical Research Mar 2010It has been demonstrated that hydrogen can selectively reduce hydroxyl and peroxynitrite in vitro. Since most of the ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage is caused...
It has been demonstrated that hydrogen can selectively reduce hydroxyl and peroxynitrite in vitro. Since most of the ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage is caused by hydroxyl radicals, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that hydrogen may be an effective radioprotective agent. This paper demonstrates that treating cells with hydrogen before irradiation could significantly inhibit ionizing irradiation(IR)-induced Human Lymphocyte AHH-1 cells apoptosis and increase cells viability in vitro. This paper also shows that hydrogen can protect gastrointestinal endothelia from radiation-induced injury, decrease plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) intestinal 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG) levels and increase plasma endogenous antioxidants in vivo. It is suggested that hydrogen has a potential as an effective and safe radioprotective agent.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Gamma Rays; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestines; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Radiation-Protective Agents
PubMed: 20166892
DOI: 10.3109/10715760903468758 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... 2014To study the radioprotective effects of flavonoids from Rosa roxburghii Tratt (FRT).
BACKGROUND
To study the radioprotective effects of flavonoids from Rosa roxburghii Tratt (FRT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The radioprotective effects of FRT were investigated by examining cell viability, 30-day survival of mice and the number of colony-forming units in spleen (CFU-S) after total-body 60Co irradiation.
RESULTS
The survival rates of irradiated cells gradually increased with increasing concentrations of FRT. The survival rate was the highest at 87% with a concentration of 30 μg/mL. Pretreatment with FRT was needed to realize its radioprotective activity in mice at the dose of 60 mg/kg. With the increasing doses of 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg, the numbers of CFU-S increased, and were significantly different compared with the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Pretreatment with FRT prior to irradiation resulted in significantly higher cell survival at 24 h after 5 Gy radiation, increased 30-day survival in mice after exposure to a potentially lethal dose of 8 Gy, and resulted in a higher number of CFU-S in mice after exposure to a dose of 6 Gy. These results collectively indicate that FRT is an effective radioprotective agent.
Topics: Animals; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Flavonoids; Gamma Rays; Lymphocytes; Male; Mice; Plant Extracts; Radiation-Protective Agents; Rosa; Spleen; Survival Rate; Whole-Body Irradiation
PubMed: 25339001
DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8171 -
International Journal of Radiation... 2023The intestine is a dose-limiting organ in the treatment of intra-abdominal cancer. We previously reported that the extract of mistletoe parasites on had a more potent...
PURPOSE
The intestine is a dose-limiting organ in the treatment of intra-abdominal cancer. We previously reported that the extract of mistletoe parasites on had a more potent radioprotective effect than amifostine in reducing the developmental toxicities of zebrafish embryos. In this study, radioprotection against intestinal toxicity was investigated in adult zebrafish.
METHODS
Wild-type adult AB zebrafish were exposed to 45-50 Gy of photon beam irradiation and/or treated with mistletoe extract orally 1 h before. The main endpoints of the study were survival and degree of deformation of the intestinal villi.
RESULTS
The median follow-up period was 10 d post-irradiation (range: 7-11 d). A total of 105 zebrafish were used, including 42 in the radiation alone, 42 in the radiation and mistletoe arms, and 21 control subjects (mistletoe alone, mock-irradiated arm). The rate of both significant deformity and death was 53% in the radiation-alone arm, whereas the corresponding rate was 30% in the radiation and mistletoe arms. Significant deformity-free survival rates at 10 d post-irradiation in the radiation alone, and radiation and mistletoe arms were 44.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]:20-54.3) and 68.4% (95% CI:53.8-86.8), respectively (=.046). The radiation and mistletoe arms showed decreased expression of two of three inflammatory genes () compared to the radiation alone group (<.05).
CONCLUSION
The radioprotective effect against intestinal toxicity was successfully shown in an adult zebrafish model. This result suggests the possibility of clinical use of mistletoe extract for the treatment of abdominal cancers.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Amifostine; Plant Extracts; Mistletoe; Intestines; Radiation-Protective Agents
PubMed: 36318746
DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2142982 -
Journal of Veterinary Science May 2023Titanium is the most widely used metal for bone integration, especially for cancer patients receiving ionizing radiation. This study aimed to investigate the amifostine...
BACKGROUND
Titanium is the most widely used metal for bone integration, especially for cancer patients receiving ionizing radiation. This study aimed to investigate the amifostine administration that would reduce the effects of radiation on bone healing and osseointegration in rat models.
OBJECTIVES
It is aimed that the application of amifostine in rats receiving radiotherapy treatment will reduce the negative effects of ionizing radiation on the bone.
METHODS
Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into one healthy and four experimental groups. In three consecutive days, two experimental groups of rats (AMF-RT-IMP and RT-IMP) were exposed to radiation (15 Gy/3 fractions of 5 Gy each). Then the titanium implants were inserted into the left tibia. Before the radiotherapy process, a 200 mg/kg dose of amifostine (AMF) was administered to the rats in the AMF-IMP and AMF-RT-IMP groups. Twenty-eight days after the screw implant, all rats were sacrificed, and their blood samples and tibia bones were collected for analysis.
RESULTS
The results indicated an accelerated bone formation and a more rapid healing process in the screw implants in the AMF-IMP, AMF-RT-IMP, and AMF-RT groups than in the RT-IMP group. Also, bone-implant contact area measurement and inflammation decreased with amifostine treatment in the implants subjected to irradiation ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The results obtained in the present study suggested that amifostine prevents the losses of bone minerals, bone integrity, and implant position from ionizing-radiation when given before exposure.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Amifostine; Tibia; Titanium; Radiation-Protective Agents; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 37271503
DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23023 -
Brazilian Dental Journal Jun 2019The purpose of this study was to test the radioprotective effect of selenium in the bone microarchitecture of irradiated rats mandibles. Forty rats were separated into 4...
The purpose of this study was to test the radioprotective effect of selenium in the bone microarchitecture of irradiated rats mandibles. Forty rats were separated into 4 groups with 10 animals: control group (CG), irradiated group (IG), sodium selenite group (SSG) and sodium selenite irradiated group (SSIG). A single dose of 0.8 mg/kg sodium selenite was administered intraperitoneally in the SSG and SSIG groups. One hour later, animals of IG and SSIG groups were irradiated with 15 Gy of x-rays. Forty days after radiation a bilateral extraction of the mandibular first molars was performed. After the extraction procedure, five rats were killed after fifteen days and others five after thirty days. Micro- computed tomography was used to evaluate cortical and trabecular bone of each rat. The mean and standard deviation of each bone microarchitecture parameter were analyzed using the statistical test of two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). At 15 days, the bone volume presented higher values in the CG and SSG groups (p=0.001). The same groups presented statistically significant higher values when bone volume fraction (p<0.001) and trabecular thickness (p<0.001) were analyzed. At 30 days, it was observed that in relation to the bone volume fraction, SSG group presented the highest value while SSIG group had the lowest value, with statistically significant difference (p=0.016). Sodium selenite demonstrated a median radioprotective effect in the bone microarchitecture of irradiated mandibles, which indicates the substance may be a potential radioprotective agent against chronic effects of high doses of ionizing radiation.
Topics: Animals; Mandible; Radiation-Protective Agents; Rats; Sodium Selenite
PubMed: 31166392
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902559 -
Integrative Cancer Therapies Nov 2013The use of ionizing radiation, which is the cornerstone of cancer treatment, is compromised by the radiosensitivity of normal tissues. A chemical that can give selective... (Review)
Review
The use of ionizing radiation, which is the cornerstone of cancer treatment, is compromised by the radiosensitivity of normal tissues. A chemical that can give selective benefit to the normal cells against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation has been a long-sought goal. However, most of the compounds studied have shown inadequate clinical application owing to their inherent toxicity, undesirable side effects, and high cost. Studies carried out in the past 2 decades have shown that some of the classical Indian Ayurvedic drugs (Amritaprasham, Ashwagandha Rasayana, Brahma Rasayana, Chyavanprasha, Narasimha Rasayana, and Triphala Churna) possess radioprotective effects. In the current review, an attempt is made to summarize the radioprotective observations of these Ayurvedic drugs and the mechanisms responsible for the radioprotective effects.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Medicine, Ayurvedic; Neoplasms; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Radiation Tolerance; Radiation-Protective Agents
PubMed: 23737641
DOI: 10.1177/1534735413490233 -
Journal of Photochemistry and... Jan 2018Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated using various endogenous systems or from external sources such as exposure to different physiochemicals....
Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated using various endogenous systems or from external sources such as exposure to different physiochemicals. Ionizing radiation damage to the cell can be caused by the direct or indirect effects of radiotherapy processes. Silymarin (SM), a flavanolignan compound, has been identified as a natural potent antioxidant with cytoprotection activities due to scavenging free radicals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of SM on sperm parameters of mice induced by γ-rays. A total number of 40 adult, male NMRI mice were randomly divided into four equal groups. The control group was neither treated with SM nor irradiated by γ-rays. The second group was only irradiated with 2Gy of γ-rays. The third group was firstly treated with 50mg/kg of SM for 7 consecutive days, and one day later, last injections were irradiated by 2Gy of γ-rays. The fourth groups received only 50mg/kg of SM for 7 consecutive days. All the animals were treated intraperitoneally. Histopathological and morphometrical examinations were performed. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that in the radiation-only group when compared with those treated with SM and irradiated, a significant different was observed in testicular parameters and DNA damage (p<0.05). In conclusion, SM can be considered as a promising herbal radioprotective agent in complementary medicine which may play an important role to protect normal spermatocytes against possible effects of γ-radiation-induced cellular damage.
Topics: Animals; DNA Damage; Gamma Rays; Histones; Male; Mice; Protamines; Radiation-Protective Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species; Silymarin; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Testis
PubMed: 29232573
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.12.004