-
Journal of Virology Jul 1981Recombinant viruses were generated in tissue culture between Rauscher murine leukemia virus (MuLV) temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants restricted at different steps in...
Recombinant viruses were generated in tissue culture between Rauscher murine leukemia virus (MuLV) temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants restricted at different steps in virus replication and a mouse endogenous xenotropic virus, BALB:virus-2. Mutants used included ts 28, a late mutant which releases noninfectious viruses at 39 degrees C, and ts 29, a double mutant with a ts lesion in its reverse transcriptase and a late block affecting virus budding. Immunological typing of the translational products of clonal recombinant viruses made it possible to establish their partial genetic maps and localize regions of the viral genome affected by different ts lesions. Recombinants involving Rauscher MuLV ts 28 invariably contained BALB-virus-2 p15, p12, and p30 proteins, localizing the late defect in replication by this mutant to the 5' moiety of the viral gag gene. All ts 29-derived recombinants contained the entire BALB:virus-2 gag and pol genes. Substitution of the pol gene is in agreement with the reported thermolability of Rauscher MuLV ts 29 reverse transcriptase (Tronick et al., J. Virol. 16:1476-1482, 1975). Substitution of the gag gene suggests that internal structural proteins are actively involved in the virus budding processing. Rauscher MuLV recombinants were used to establish the genetic map of the Rauscher MuLV genome by T1 oligonucleotide fingerprinting analysis. Detection of Rauscher MuLV T1 oligonucleotides in representative recombinant viruses, whose protein phenotypes were established by immunological techniques, permitted their assignment to specific regions of the viral genome. The genetic map of Rauscher MuLV generated in these studies should be useful for identifying and characterizing the viral gene(s) involved in leukemogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Genes, Viral; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Oligoribonucleotides; Rauscher Virus; Recombination, Genetic; Retroviridae; Temperature; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 6268812
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.39.1.219-228.1981 -
Applied Microbiology Jul 1970Rauscher murine leukemia virus was used as an indicator agent to develop a methodology for the extraction and concentration of a theoretical leukemia virus from bovine...
Rauscher murine leukemia virus was used as an indicator agent to develop a methodology for the extraction and concentration of a theoretical leukemia virus from bovine milk and tissues. The indicator virus was seeded into cow's milk or was recovered from infected murine spleens. The tissue homogenates and the defatted milk were processed in a B-XVI rotor of a Spinco L-4 ultracentrifuge at a flow rate of 3 liters/hr. The efficiency of Rauscher virus recovery was greatest when the rotor was used without a gradient. A loss of between 0.6 and 0.7 log of total infectious virus, as determined by the spleen assay method, resulted when the seeded milk and murine spleens were processed. The procedures developed are presently being used in transmission experiments in an attempt to induce leukemia in the bovine.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Methods; Mice; Milk; Models, Theoretical; Rauscher Virus; Spleen; Sucrose; Tissue Extracts; Ultracentrifugation
PubMed: 5456940
DOI: 10.1128/am.20.1.64-68.1970 -
Virology Apr 1982
Topics: Animals; Hematocrit; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma; Mice; Organ Size; Rauscher Virus; Spleen; Thymus Gland; Time Factors
PubMed: 6952652
DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90336-1 -
Virology Nov 1997We report the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV), the replication-competent helper virus present in the Rauscher virus... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We report the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV), the replication-competent helper virus present in the Rauscher virus complex, and its phylogenetic relationship with other murine leukemia virus genomes. An overall sequence identity of 97.6% was found between R-MuLV and the Friend helper virus (F-MuLV), and the two viruses were closely related on the phylogenetic trees constructed from either gag, pol, or env sequences. Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) was the next closest relative to R-MuLV and F-MuLV on all trees, followed by Akv and radiation leukemia virus (RadLV). The most distantly related helper virus was Hortulanus murine leukemia virus (Ho-MuLV). Interestingly, Cas-Br-E branched with Mo-MuLV on the gag and pol trees, whereas on the env tree, it revealed the highest degree of relatedness to Ho-MuLV, possibly due to an ancient recombination with an Ho-MuLV ancestor. In summary, a phylogenetic analysis involving various MuLVs has been performed, in which the postulated close relationship between R-MuLV and F-MuLV has been confirmed, consistent with the pathobiology of the two viruses.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Friend murine leukemia virus; Genome, Viral; Leukemia Virus, Murine; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Moloney murine leukemia virus; Phylogeny; Radiation Leukemia Virus; Rauscher Virus
PubMed: 9375009
DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8814 -
Nature Aug 1964
Topics: Kidney; Leukemia Virus, Murine; Mice; Oncogenic Viruses; Rauscher Virus; Research; Research Design; Tissue Culture Techniques; Virus Cultivation
PubMed: 14251003
DOI: 10.1038/203672a0 -
Journal of Virology Dec 1979The 5'-terminal regions of gibbon ape leukemia virus-Hall's Island and Rauscher murine leukemia virus have been completely sequenced. The chain length for the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The 5'-terminal regions of gibbon ape leukemia virus-Hall's Island and Rauscher murine leukemia virus have been completely sequenced. The chain length for the 5'-terminal region of Rauscher murine leukemia virus is 140 nucleotides, and that for gibbon ape leukemia virus-Hall's Island is 144 nucleotides. An alignment of the sequences maximizing the number of ocrrespondences with the minimum introduction of gaps shows 81% nucleotide matches. From the complementary RNA, secondary structures of this region have been proposed. These data demonstrate the conservation of the 5'-terminal genetic sequences of these viruses and strongly reinforce the concept that viruses of murine origin and viruses of the gibbon ape leukemia virus-Simian sarcoma-associated virus group are closely related.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Genes, Viral; Hylobates; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; RNA, Viral; Rauscher Virus; Retroviridae
PubMed: 513204
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.32.3.803-811.1979 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Dec 1965Homologous and heterologous antiserums from several species of animals have been prepared against the Rauscher murine leukemia virus. The Ouchterlony technique, adapted...
Homologous and heterologous antiserums from several species of animals have been prepared against the Rauscher murine leukemia virus. The Ouchterlony technique, adapted to very small quantities, has been used to demonstrate at least two or three antigens in Rauscher virus preparations. Both infected-host materials and tissue-culture fluids were used as antigens. When monkey antiserum was used, one of the Rauscher virus antigens cross-reacted with an antigen in the virus strains isolated by Friend and Moloney, but there was apparently no reaction with the Moloney virus when guinea-pig antiserum was used.
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Immunodiffusion; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Rabbits; Rauscher Virus
PubMed: 4955291
DOI: 10.1126/science.150.3704.1723 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Dec 1979Large-scale production and concentration procedures have been standardized to study the biological properties of Rauscher leukemia virus produced from the high-passaged...
Large-scale production and concentration procedures have been standardized to study the biological properties of Rauscher leukemia virus produced from the high-passaged JLS-V9-H mouse bone marrow cell line. Virus produced early (days 4 to 6) in the harvest and refeed cycle contained higher levels of ribonucleic acid-directed deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity and was more infectious than Rauscher leukemia virus produced later (days 7 to 10) in the growth period. The peak of virus production as detected by physical assays (virus particle count, protein, and p30 antigen) was highest at day 6, whereas the optimum biological and ribonucleic acid-directed deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity occurred 24 h earlier. When product characterization values of each concentrate were adjusted to a specific activity (i.e., per milligram of protein) basis, virus particle counts averaged 4 x 10(11) through days 5 to 9, and the peak infectivity occurred at day 4, whereas ribonucleic acid-directed deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity was highest at day 4 (endogenous) and 5 (exogenous). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis revealed only slight differences in the polypeptide pattern of Rauscher leukemia virus harvested from cultures of varying age, although Rauscher leukemia virus produced between days 3 and 5 contained more glycoprotein than either earlier or later harvests.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Cell Division; Cell Line; Mice; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Rauscher Virus; Time Factors; Viral Proteins; Virus Cultivation
PubMed: 93428
DOI: 10.1128/aem.38.6.1132-1139.1979 -
Journal of Virology Sep 1981Synchronized mouse cells (JLS-V9) chronically infected with Rauscher murine leukemia virus were used to study virus production, the synthesis of gag and env precursor...
Synchronized mouse cells (JLS-V9) chronically infected with Rauscher murine leukemia virus were used to study virus production, the synthesis of gag and env precursor proteins, and the expression of env protein on the cell surface during the cell cycle. The amount of virus released into the medium by synchronized cells during a 30-min interval was determined by using the XC plaque assay and by measuring reverse transcriptase activity. The results show that virus production occurs during mitosis. Labeling of the cell surface of synchronized cells with 125I or with fluorescein-conjugated antiserum shows that the amount of gp 70env on the cell surface parallels cellular growth. Therefore, the cell cycle-dependent release of virus is not accompanied by similar variations in the amount of viral envelope protein on the cell surface. Immunoprecipitation of cells labeled with [35S]methionine, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was used to measure viral protein synthesis during the cell cycle. The rate of synthesis of gag precursor proteins show three maximums corresponding to the G1, middle S, and late S to G2 phases of the cell cycle. The rate of synthesis of env precursor proteins does not change, suggesting that in these cells the synthesis of these two gene products is controlled separately.
Topics: Animals; Cell Cycle; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Gene Expression Regulation; Interphase; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mitosis; Protein Precursors; Rauscher Virus; Viral Envelope Proteins; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 7288918
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.39.3.792-799.1981 -
The Journal of General Virology Dec 1984Rauscher virus (RV) induces acute erythroleukaemia and a myeloproliferative disease in adult mice. It consists of a replication-competent murine leukaemia virus (R-MuLV)...
Rauscher virus (RV) induces acute erythroleukaemia and a myeloproliferative disease in adult mice. It consists of a replication-competent murine leukaemia virus (R-MuLV) which acts as a helper virus and a defective transforming component which causes spleen focus formation, Rauscher spleen focus-forming virus (R-SFFV). The integrated proviral DNA of R-SFFV was cloned molecularly. The cloned R-SFFV was compared to that of other viral components which are associated with RV-induced disease and also the cloned Friend SFFV (F-SFFV) and the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV), both of which expand the erythroid (F-SFFV, MPSV) and myeloid (MPSV) compartment on infection of adult mice. The genome of R-SFFV differs, if analysed by restriction enzymes, from R-MuLV in the 3' end of the genome between the env gene and the long terminal repeat. The difference is most likely an alteration in the 3' part of the gp70-coding region of the env gene. Comparison with Rauscher mink cell focus-inducing virus (R-MCF) suggests that R-SFFV is derived from R-MCF by substitution of the 3' half of the env gene with a sequence of unknown origin. The molecularly cloned R-SFFV pseudotyped with Friend MuLV induces an increase in late erythroid precursor cells which still require erythropoietin for maturation. Host range studies of the molecularly cloned R-SFFV prove that the Fv-2r locus is required but not sufficient to restrict RV-induced haemopoiesis in adult mice, thus suggesting that R-SFFV has a different target cell range than F-SFFV and is similar to MPSV.
Topics: Animals; Chromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Viral; Defective Viruses; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Viral; Mice; Rauscher Virus; Spleen; Transfection
PubMed: 6096495
DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-65-12-2225