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Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health Jul 2017
Topics: Child; Deception; Humans; Internet; Psychology, Child; Reality Testing; Trust
PubMed: 28670815
DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13619 -
Psychiatry Feb 1991
Review
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Affect; Brain; Humans; Nerve Net; Neuronal Plasticity; Personality; Reality Testing; Self Concept; Social Environment
PubMed: 2023973
DOI: 10.1080/00332747.1991.11024529 -
Annual International Conference of the... Jul 2020Contrast sensitivity is a key visual ability for everyday tasks, as well as a potential indicator of important optical and neurological diseases. Current clinical...
Contrast sensitivity is a key visual ability for everyday tasks, as well as a potential indicator of important optical and neurological diseases. Current clinical standards, based on visual discrimination performance on printed charts, present problems that could be bypassed using electronic devices. This work describes the development of new tests for contrast sensitivity, based on the detection of a moving target on a computer screen and in virtual reality headset. It presents preliminary evaluation of these innovations by comparison of their performance, using healthy adults with normal vision and by artificially altering their contrast sensitivity. The results demonstrate consistent correlation between all test modalities explored.
Topics: Contrast Sensitivity; Reality Testing; Virtual Reality; Visual Perception
PubMed: 33019351
DOI: 10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9175595 -
Schizophrenia Research Sep 2018
Topics: Hallucinations; Humans; Reality Testing; Schizophrenia; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
PubMed: 29764758
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.018 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Oct 2018We draw on the theory of lay epistemics to understand how universal processes of knowledge formation drive the emergence, and determine the consequences of shared... (Review)
Review
We draw on the theory of lay epistemics to understand how universal processes of knowledge formation drive the emergence, and determine the consequences of shared reality in groups. In particular, we highlight the role in these processes of the need for cognitive closure and credible epistemic authorities. Whereas the former construct explains why people seek a shared reality, the latter clarifies who the reality is shared with. In this connection, we review relevant bodies of empirical evidence that bear on the epistemic underpinnings of shared reality phenomena.
Topics: Group Processes; Humans; Reality Testing; Social Behavior; Social Norms
PubMed: 29427899
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.01.004 -
Bipolar Disorders Nov 2013This comprehensive review examined the prevalence and progression of disturbances in reality testing (DRT), defined as psychotic symptoms, cognitive disruptions, and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This comprehensive review examined the prevalence and progression of disturbances in reality testing (DRT), defined as psychotic symptoms, cognitive disruptions, and thought problems, in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (O-BD). Our approach was grounded in a developmental psychopathology perspective and considered a broader phenotype of risk within the bipolar-schizophrenia spectrum as measured by categorical and dimensional assessments of DRT in high-risk youth.
METHODS
Relevant studies were identified from numerous sources (e.g., PubMed, reference sections, and colleagues). Inclusion criteria were: (i) family risk studies published between 1975 and 2012 in which O-BD were contrasted with a comparison group (e.g., offspring of parents who had other psychiatric disorders or were healthy) on DRT outcomes and (ii) results reported for categorical or dimensional assessments of DRT (e.g., schizophrenia, psychotic symptoms, cluster A personality traits, or thought problems), yielding a total of 23 studies.
RESULTS
Three key findings emerged: (i) categorical approaches of DRT in O-BD produced low incidence base rates and almost no evidence of significant differences in DRT between O-BD and comparison groups, whereas (ii) many studies using dimensional assessments of DRT yielded significant group differences in DRT. Furthermore, (iii) preliminary evidence from dimensional measures suggested that the developmental progression of DRT in O-BD might represent a prodrome of severe psychological impairment.
CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary but promising evidence suggests that DRT is a probable marker of risk for future impairment in O-BD. Methodological strengths and weaknesses, the psychometric properties of primary DRT constructs, and future directions for developmental and longitudinal research with O-BD are discussed.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Child of Impaired Parents; Databases, Factual; Humans; Psychopathology; Reality Testing
PubMed: 24034419
DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12115 -
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Jun 2017Reality monitoring processes are necessary for discriminating between internally generated information and information that originated in the outside world. They help us... (Review)
Review
Reality monitoring processes are necessary for discriminating between internally generated information and information that originated in the outside world. They help us to identify our thoughts, feelings, and imaginations, and to distinguish them from events we may have experienced or have been told about by someone else. Reality monitoring errors range from confusions between real and imagined experiences, that are byproducts of normal cognition, to symptoms of mental illness such as hallucinations. Recent advances support an emerging neurocognitive characterization of reality monitoring that provides insights into its underlying operating principles and neural mechanisms, the differing ways in which impairment may occur in health and disease, and the potential for rehabilitation strategies to be devised that might help those who experience clinically significant reality monitoring disruption.
Topics: Brain; Hallucinations; Humans; Imagination; Reality Testing; Thinking
PubMed: 28462815
DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.03.012 -
The Psychoanalytic Quarterly Jul 2011The process of reality testing can be thought of as a lifespan developmental line, where adolescence provides a critical developmental advance but not an endpoint....
The process of reality testing can be thought of as a lifespan developmental line, where adolescence provides a critical developmental advance but not an endpoint. Erikson's concepts of fidelity and developmental actuality provide a frame of reference for considering this. Three means of reality testing are identified--contemplation, action, and conversation--where these modes of approach can be used separately or in concert to clarify the reality status of situations and phenomena. These methods of testing reality are illustrated within four arenas of adolescent functioning-thought, time, parental representations, and the experience of the embodied self.
Topics: Adolescent; Communication; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Individuation; Male; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Problem Solving; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychology, Adolescent; Psychosexual Development; Reality Testing; Self Concept; Thinking
PubMed: 21874992
DOI: 10.1002/j.2167-4086.2011.tb00097.x -
Current Opinion in Psychology Oct 2018
Topics: Culture; Humans; Reality Testing; Social Behavior
PubMed: 30274870
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.09.004 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Oct 2018Close relationships afford us opportunities to create and maintain meaning systems as shared perceptions of ourselves and the world. Establishing a sense of mutual... (Review)
Review
Close relationships afford us opportunities to create and maintain meaning systems as shared perceptions of ourselves and the world. Establishing a sense of mutual understanding allows for creating and maintaining lasting social bonds, and as such, is important in human relations. In a related vein, it has long been known that knowledge of significant others in one's life is stored in memory and evoked with new persons-in the social-cognitive process of 'transference'-imbuing new encounters with significance and leading to predictable cognitive, evaluative, motivational, and behavioral consequences, as well as shifts in the self and self-regulation, depending on the particular significant other evoked. In these pages, we briefly review the literature on meaning as interpersonally defined and then selectively review research on transference in interpersonal perception. Based on this, we then highlight a recent series of studies focused on shared meaning systems in transference. The highlighted studies show that values and beliefs that develop in close relationships (as shared reality) are linked in memory to significant-other knowledge, and thus, are indirectly activated (made accessible) when cues in a new person implicitly activate that significant-other knowledge (in transference), with these shared beliefs then actively pursued with the new person and even protected against threat. This also confers a sense of mutual understanding, and all told, serves both relational and epistemic functions. In concluding, we consider as well the relevance of co-construction of shared reality n such processes.
Topics: Comprehension; Cues; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Mental Recall; Reality Testing; Social Perception; Transference, Psychology
PubMed: 29232617
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.11.007