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Current Opinion in Psychology Oct 2018Sharing reality with an interaction partner is a key element of social connections. One way in which shared reality can be formed in an interpersonal situation is... (Review)
Review
Sharing reality with an interaction partner is a key element of social connections. One way in which shared reality can be formed in an interpersonal situation is through affiliative social tuning. Affliative social tuning occurs when individuals experience a desire to get along with their interaction partner and this affiliative motivation encourages the individual to spontaneously and genuinely align their attitudes and/or behaviors with their interaction partner to achieve a sense of shared reality. In this review, we examine when and how affiliative social tuning of implicit prejudice occurs. We also explore whether individuals garner shared reality by affiliating with ingroup members who seem to hold similar implicit beliefs.
Topics: Attitude; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Motivation; Prejudice; Reality Testing; Social Behavior
PubMed: 29529443
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.011 -
Consciousness and Cognition Oct 2022Dream lucidity, the awareness of consciousness in dreams, is linked to functions that support reality monitoring in differentiating between internally and externally...
Dream lucidity, the awareness of consciousness in dreams, is linked to functions that support reality monitoring in differentiating between internally and externally generated memories. However, lucid dreams have been argued to result from thin reality-fantasy boundaries that lead to reality monitoring errors. To examine the relationship between dream lucidity and reality monitoring, we recruited 31 college students to rate their dream lucidity for 7 days and then complete a reality monitoring test in Experiment 1, observing a positive correlation between dream lucidity and reality monitoring. In Experiment 2, 109 participants rated dream lucidity and the memory characteristics of perceived and imagined events. Dream lucidity was negatively correlated with differences in sensory details between the memories of perceived and imagined events. The findings indicate that individuals with high dream lucidity have a superior ability to discriminate between externally and internally generated events that are susceptible to reality monitoring errors.
Topics: Awareness; Cognition; Consciousness; Dreams; Humans; Reality Testing
PubMed: 36183604
DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103414 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Oct 2018Micro cultural dynamics are concerned with the mechanisms of transmission, retention, and modification of cultural information in social networks. When interacting... (Review)
Review
Micro cultural dynamics are concerned with the mechanisms of transmission, retention, and modification of cultural information in social networks. When interacting individuals mutually recognize that they share psychological reactions to given cultural information, it may be grounded as an aspect of their shared reality under specifiable conditions. The interpretation of cultural information as socially verified shared reality provides a basis for further dissemination of the information and coordinated social action. We review the recent literature that supports this general contention, while highlighting the role of emotion-a somewhat under-recognized aspect of shared reality research-and emphasizing the mediating role of cultural dynamics in the mutual constitution of social reality and shared reality.
Topics: Culture; Emotions; Humans; Memory; Reality Testing; Social Behavior; Social Networking
PubMed: 29174489
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.10.004 -
The British Journal of Clinical... Sep 1985The hypothesis that hallucinators are deficient in the metacognitive skill of reality testing was tested using the methodology of signal detection theory. In Expt 1...
The hypothesis that hallucinators are deficient in the metacognitive skill of reality testing was tested using the methodology of signal detection theory. In Expt 1 undergraduate subjects scoring high or low on a scale measuring predisposition to hallucination were tested on an auditory signal detection task. High scorers on the scale were found to differ from low scorers on a measure of perceptual bias but not on a measure of sensitivity. In Expt 2 a similar methodology was used with hallucinating and non-hallucinating schizophrenic patients, with similar results. These results support the hypothesis that hallucinators or subjects highly disposed towards hallucination are deficient in reality testing and are therefore prone to identify imaginary events as real.
Topics: Adult; Auditory Perception; Decision Making; Ego; Hallucinations; Humans; Imagination; Male; Reality Testing; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 4052663
DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb01331.x -
Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic Mar 1989Both clinical and research efforts will be enhanced when professionals clearly understand the meaning of the terms reality testing and judgment. Until recently,...
Both clinical and research efforts will be enhanced when professionals clearly understand the meaning of the terms reality testing and judgment. Until recently, clinicians and writers often failed to differentiate between them and also introduced other similar words and phrases that further diminished the specificity of the term reality testing. After reviewing some recent efforts to clarify the terminology, the author discusses the critical role of sensation as a precursor to perception and cognition, and the interaction of all three elements in the development of reality testing. He concludes with proposals to clarify the clinical applications of the terminology.
Topics: Ego; Humans; Judgment; Reality Testing
PubMed: 2920246
DOI: No ID Found -
Comprehensive Psychiatry 1982
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dreams; Ego; Fantasy; Humans; Perception; Psychotic Disorders; Reality Testing
PubMed: 7056038
DOI: 10.1016/0010-440x(82)90005-0 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Oct 2018The political world permeates people's everyday experiences. In this article, we review recent research concerning how the pursuit, creation, and maintenance of shared... (Review)
Review
The political world permeates people's everyday experiences. In this article, we review recent research concerning how the pursuit, creation, and maintenance of shared reality underlie important political phenomena. We address three general points. First, we discuss how the desire to share reality shapes the political attitudes that people adopt. Second, we outline how the existence of competing representations of reality can lead to prolonged political conflicts that are challenging to overcome. Third, we consider how and why shared reality contributes to social stasis and change. A scientifically informed understanding of how shared reality shapes the political arena will enrich psychological research and facilitate addressing social issues.
Topics: Attitude; Humans; Politics; Reality Testing; Social Behavior
PubMed: 29169083
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.11.004 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Oct 2018Taking another person's perspective requires acknowledging that there is another viewpoint, which can challenge the concept of shared reality. At the same time, taking... (Review)
Review
Taking another person's perspective requires acknowledging that there is another viewpoint, which can challenge the concept of shared reality. At the same time, taking someone else's perspective can also preserve shared reality, by helping to explain how aspects of the world may be perceived differently by two different individuals. Thus, establishing or maintaining shared reality may be a primary motivator for perspective taking in everyday life. However, depending on the content (e.g., self-perceptions, assumptions about other people, cherished beliefs) used in constructing another perspective and comparing it with one's own, perspective taking may in some cases instead highlight differences between how people view the world, thus hindering a sense of shared reality.
Topics: Humans; Motivation; Psychology, Social; Reality Testing; Self Concept; Social Perception
PubMed: 29514123
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.007 -
Psychoanalytic Review Feb 2015Patience is a multifaceted phenomenon consisting of acceptance of inner and outer reality, absence of resentment, retention of hope, and capacity to wait for better... (Review)
Review
Patience is a multifaceted phenomenon consisting of acceptance of inner and outer reality, absence of resentment, retention of hope, and capacity to wait for better times without restlessness and haste. It originates in the childhood advance from pleasure principle to reality principle, though the attainment of secure attachment, object constancy, and frustration tolerance also contribute to it. Psychopathology involving patience generally manifests as endless waiting or chronic hurrying. Both the normative and morbid trajectories of patience have implications for psychoanalytic technique, which are illustrated here with the help of clinical vignettes.
Topics: Adult; Child; Delay Discounting; Female; Frustration; Humans; Internal-External Control; Male; Middle Aged; Object Attachment; Pleasure-Pain Principle; Psychoanalytic Interpretation; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Psychopathology; Reality Testing; Time Perception
PubMed: 25688681
DOI: 10.1521/prev.2015.102.1.93 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Oct 2018Communication is a key arena and means for shared-reality creation. Most studies explicitly devoted to shared reality have focused on the opening part of a conversation,... (Review)
Review
Communication is a key arena and means for shared-reality creation. Most studies explicitly devoted to shared reality have focused on the opening part of a conversation, that is, a speaker's initial message to an audience. The aspect of communication examined by this research is the evaluative adaptation (tuning) of the messages to the audience's attitude or judgment. The speaker's shared-reality creation is typically assessed by the extent to which the speaker's evaluative representation of the topic matches the audience-tuned view expressed in the message. We first review research on such audience-tuning effects, with a focus on shared-reality goals and conditions facilitating the generalization of shared reality. We then review studies using other paradigms that illustrate factors of shared-reality creation in communication, including mere message production, grounding, validation responses, and communication about commonly known information (including stereotypes) in intragroup communication. The different lines of research reveal the potency, but also boundary conditions, of communication effects on shared reality.
Topics: Attitude; Communication; Interpersonal Relations; Reality Testing
PubMed: 29331878
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.12.005