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Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery :... May 2014Rectal prolapse can present in a variety of forms and is associated with a range of symptoms including pain, incomplete evacuation, bloody and/or mucous rectal... (Review)
Review
Rectal prolapse can present in a variety of forms and is associated with a range of symptoms including pain, incomplete evacuation, bloody and/or mucous rectal discharge, and fecal incontinence or constipation. Complete external rectal prolapse is characterized by a circumferential, full-thickness protrusion of the rectum through the anus, which may be intermittent or may be incarcerated and poses a risk of strangulation. There are multiple surgical options to treat rectal prolapse, and thus care should be taken to understand each patient's symptoms, bowel habits, anatomy, and pre-operative expectations. Preoperative workup includes physical exam, colonoscopy, anoscopy, and, in some patients, anal manometry and defecography. With this information, a tailored surgical approach (abdominal versus perineal, minimally invasive versus open) and technique (posterior versus ventral rectopexy +/- sigmoidectomy, for example) can then be chosen. We propose an algorithm based on available outcomes data in the literature, an understanding of anorectal physiology, and expert opinion that can serve as a guide to determining the rectal prolapse operation that will achieve the best possible postoperative outcomes for individual patients.
Topics: Algorithms; Humans; Laparoscopy; Pelvic Floor; Rectal Prolapse
PubMed: 24352613
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2427-7 -
Current Problems in Surgery Sep 2021
Review
Topics: Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Humans; Pelvic Floor; Perineum; Rectal Prolapse; Rectum; Surgical Mesh
PubMed: 34489052
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2020.100952 -
Colorectal Disease : the Official... Apr 2022
Topics: Hernia; Humans; Rectal Prolapse; Rectum
PubMed: 35486514
DOI: 10.1111/codi.16132 -
International Journal of Colorectal... Mar 2007Rectal prolapse, or procidentia, is defined as a protrusion of the rectum beyond the anus. It commonly occurs at the extremes of age. Rectal prolapse frequently coexists... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Rectal prolapse, or procidentia, is defined as a protrusion of the rectum beyond the anus. It commonly occurs at the extremes of age. Rectal prolapse frequently coexists with other pelvic floor disorders, and patients have symptoms associated with combined rectal and genital prolapse. Few patients, a lack of randomized trials and difficulties in the interpretation of studies of anorectal physiology have made the understanding of this disorder difficult.
METHODS OF TREATMENT
Surgical management is aimed at restoring physiology by correcting the prolapse and improving continence and constipation, whereas in patients with concurrent genital and rectal prolapse, an interdisciplinary surgical approach is required. Operation should be reserved for those patients in whom medical treatment has failed, and it may be expected to relieve symptoms. Numerous surgical procedures have been suggested to treat rectal prolapse. They are generally classified as abdominal or perineal according to the route of access. However, the controversy as to which operation is appropriate cannot be answered definitively, as the extent of a standardized diagnostic assessment and the types of surgical procedures have not been identified in published series.
LITERATURE REVIEW
This review encompasses rectal prolapse, including aetiology, symptoms and treatment. The English-language literature about rectal prolapse was identified using Medline, and additional cited works not detected in the initial search were obtained. Articles reporting on prospective and retrospective comparisons and case reports were included.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Rectal Prolapse; Surgical Mesh
PubMed: 17021747
DOI: 10.1007/s00384-006-0198-2 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jul 2008Rectal prolapse is a common occurrence in cattle and small ruminants. This article discusses the causes, correction, and postoperative treatment of rectal prolapse in... (Review)
Review
Rectal prolapse is a common occurrence in cattle and small ruminants. This article discusses the causes, correction, and postoperative treatment of rectal prolapse in cattle and sheep.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Rectal Prolapse; Recurrence; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 18471578
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2008.02.015 -
Current Problems in Surgery Jun 1986
Review
Topics: Anal Canal; Colon; Colon, Sigmoid; Diagnosis, Differential; Fecal Incontinence; Foreign-Body Reaction; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Pressure; Rectal Prolapse; Rectum
PubMed: 3522112
DOI: 10.1016/0011-3840(86)90011-0 -
Current Problems in Surgery Oct 2001
Review
Topics: Defecography; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Prostheses and Implants; Rectal Prolapse; Rectum; Surgical Mesh; Urodynamics
PubMed: 11593231
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology :... Dec 2019
Review
Topics: Adult; Aged; Fecal Incontinence; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Rectal Prolapse
PubMed: 32002830
DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01014-1 -
Current Gastroenterology Reports May 2016Rectal prolapse is a herniation of the rectum through the anus. It is rare in children. When it does occur, it is usually prior to 4 years of age and due to anatomical... (Review)
Review
Rectal prolapse is a herniation of the rectum through the anus. It is rare in children. When it does occur, it is usually prior to 4 years of age and due to anatomical variants. A few conditions predispose children to rectal prolapse, the most common being constipation. Cystic fibrosis used to be commonly associated with rectal prolapse, but with the advent of cystic fibrosis newborn screening, this association is no longer as frequently seen. Many recent case reports, detailed in this chapter, describe conditions previously unknown to be associated with rectal prolapse. Management is usually supportive; however, rectal prolapse requires surgical management in certain situations. This review details the presentation of rectal prolapse, newly described clinical manifestations, and associated conditions, and up-to-date medical and surgical management.
Topics: Age Factors; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Problem Behavior; Rectal Diseases; Rectal Prolapse; Ulcer
PubMed: 27086003
DOI: 10.1007/s11894-016-0496-y -
FP Essentials Apr 2014Rectal prolapse, the protrusion of the layers of the rectal wall through the anal canal, may be partial (mucosal) or complete (full thickness). Although prolapse is most... (Review)
Review
Rectal prolapse, the protrusion of the layers of the rectal wall through the anal canal, may be partial (mucosal) or complete (full thickness). Although prolapse is most common among older women, it affects individuals of all ages, including children. Associated fecal incontinence and constipation are typical. Urinary incontinence and uterovaginal/bladder prolapse also may coexist. Some patients may have rectal ulcers. Diagnosis is predominantly clinical; visualization of the prolapse may require the patient to strain while sitting or squatting. Imaging studies, including fluoroscopic or dynamic magnetic resonance defecography, can confirm the prolapse if the diagnosis is uncertain, and endoscopy can aid in detecting other colonic/extracolonic pathology. Nonsurgical management (eg, increased fiber intake, fiber supplements, biofeedback) often is therapeutic in minor (first- or second-degree) mucosal prolapse and can help alleviate constipation and incontinence before and after surgery for patients with full-thickness prolapse. However, for full-thickness prolapse, transabdominal procedures are the most effective management and are favored for healthy patients, irrespective of age. Perineal procedures (eg, rubber band ligation, mucosal excision) can be used for patients with full-thickness prolapse who are not candidates for transabdominal surgery and for those with second- and third-degree mucosal prolapse.
Topics: Age Factors; Biofeedback, Psychology; Constipation; Diet; Family Practice; Fecal Incontinence; Humans; Ligation; Rectal Prolapse; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors
PubMed: 24742085
DOI: No ID Found